Abstract: An imaging optical system for an oblique incidence interferometer comprises first and second optical systems and an intermediate imaging surface therebetween. Each of the first and second imaging optical systems comprises two telecentric lenses, arranged afocal to each other, having respective focal lengths different from each other. A first image of a surface to be inspected having a deformed aspect ratio with respect to this surface is formed on the intermediate imaging surface by way of the first imaging optical system. The second imaging optical system is arranged such that the first image is focused onto the imaging surface of the interferometer as a second image corrected so as to have substantially the same aspect ratio as that of the surface to be inspected.

Abstract: A solid cosmetic composition, which drastically improves the shape-retaining ability and usability, which has a good, tender feeling, good spreadability when applied and is glossy looking is provided by use of a wax composition solidifier, which has a good shape-retaining ability without use of a conventional solidifier such as ceresin is provided. A solid cosmetic composition has (a) Fischer-Tropsch wax having average molecular weight of 300 to 1200 and (b) Microcrystalline wax in the weight ratio of (a):(b)=60:40 to 99.9:0.

Abstract: The present invention is an electronic-endoscope apparatus for compensating for lack of light quantity caused by a delayed response from a light shielding mechanism when an all-pixel reading system is used. In the case of, for example, a moving image, this apparatus reads pixel mix data out from a CCD to reproduce motions faithfully. For a still image, this apparatus reads out all pixels obtained by the CCD during a single exposure period using a light shielding period set by a light shielding plate, and outputs this data to a mixing circuit via memories to form a pixel mix signal. This configuration enables a high-quality still image to be obtained. In this case, however, the light quantity may be insufficient due to a delayed response from the light shielding plate. Thus, during the exposure period for still-image formation, the lamp voltage is increased above a normal amount or the diaphragm aperture is increased in order to compensate for the shortage of light quantity.

Abstract: A rod-shaped mesoporous powder which is mainly composed of silicon oxide and has homogenous pore, and obtained by a process comprises, a dissolution step wherein a concentration of 0.3-1.2M of a silicate which is in the range of 0<SiO2/Y2O<2 (Y: alkali metal atom) is dissolved in the presence of a cationic surfactant and the pH is 11 or more, a condensation step wherein the pH is adjusted to 10.5 or less within 30 minutes, a rod micelle is formed with said cationic surfactant and a silicate is condensed on said rod micelle, and a removal step wherein said cationic surfactant is removed from a micelle state condensation which has an outer shell made of the silicate by said condensation.

Abstract: A single-focus lens includes from the object side, a first lens with a positive refracting power having at least one aspheric surface, a stop, a second lens with a negative refracting power, and a third lens with a positive refracting power having at least one aspheric surface. This single-focus lens further satisfies the conditional expression of 0.3<f/f2′3<0.8, where f is the focal length of the lens as a whole, and f23 is the composite focal length of the second and third lenses.

Abstract: A multi-channel integrated circuit is provided in which each channel has an analog section and a digital section. Each channel of the readout chip employs low noise charge sensitive amplifier at its input followed by other circuitry such as shaper, pole-zero, peak hold, different comparators, buffers and digital control and readout. Each channel produces a self-trigger and a fast timing output. Channel-to-channel time differences are also recorded. Integrated circuit also provides a large dynamic range to facilitate large range of applications. The trigger threshold can be adjusted to provide energy discrimination. The chip has different, externally selectable, operational modes including a sparse readout mode in which only the channels which have received signals greater than a preselected threshold value are read out. The sparse readout mode results in increased data throughput, thus providing fast data acquisition capabilities.

Abstract: A near-field microscope comprising: a probe for scattering a near-field light; light emitting device including a light source for emitting light to a sample or said probe; and light sampling device for sampling and detecting a light that includes information of the sample scattered by said probe, said microscope comprising: control device for spacing said sample or probe from a field of a near-field light generated by said light emission or disposing the sample or probe at a position that is shallow in a field of near-field light, thereby detecting a noise by said light sampling device; inserting said sample or probe deeply into a field of near-field light generated by said light emission, thereby detecting light intensity by said light sampling device; and computing device for computing a measurement result obtained by subtracting a noise from said light intensity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a light control system for electronic endoscopes which provides sufficiently bright images during observation of distant objects, allows stable light control during observation of close objects, and prolongs lamp life. The light control system comprises a CCD drive circuit for controlling a CCD, a microcomputer, a diaphragm drive circuit for driving a diaphragm, a lamp voltage control circuit for variably controlling lamp voltage, and a DVP for generating a luminance signal, wherein the diaphragm drive circuit controls the opening of the diaphragm based on the luminance signal received from the DVP and a constant voltage V1 is normally supplied to the lamp, but a larger voltage up to V2 may be supplied on instructions from the microcomputer if the luminance of an image is insufficient even with the diaphragm fully open.

Abstract: A method of detecting a posture of an object comprises the steps of acquiring fringe image data carrying phase information of the object; subjecting the whole or part of fringe image data to arithmetic processing using Fourier transform so as to determine a tilt frequency of a fringe corresponding to an inclination of the object in the fringe image data; and detecting the inclination of the object according to the tilt frequency.

Abstract: A golf iron head protector including a tubular member of cylindrical or polygonal shape to be inserted into the golf bag, nine or ten pipes for holding the shafts of nine or ten golf irons, said nine or ten pipes being fixed to the outer surface of the tubular member so that the axes of the pipes are oriented in parallel with the axis of the tubular member, and being fixed to the outer surface of the tubular member at predetermined intervals so as to be disposed in an approximately ring-shape in plan view, and nine or ten band shaped head supports for supporting the nine or ten golf iron heads so as not to bring them into contact with each other by clamping the golf iron heads to the tubular members, said head supports being provided to portions of the outer surface of the tubular member located obliquely above the nine or ten pipes.

Abstract: The main surface on the side of a p-type layer of a GaP-base semiconductor is defined as a first main surface, and the main surface opposite thereto as a second main surface. The second main surface is lapped and then etched using aqua regia to thereby collectively form thereon specular concave curved surfaces which swell inwardly into the semiconductor substrate in order to enhance total reflection of light. On the other hand, the area on the surface of semiconductor substrate excluding that for forming a first contact layer and excluding the second main surface are subjected to anisotropic etching to thereby collectively form outwardly-swelling convex curved surfaces in order to reduce total reflection of light. A second contact layer (second electrode) to be formed on the second main surface is composed of an alloy of Au, Si and Ni, and a first contact layer to be formed on the first main surface is composed of an alloy of Au as combined with either of Be and Zn.

Abstract: Multi-pattern data retention testing and iterative change of measurement testing are used for the production of Known Good Dies. Multi-pattern data testing of a memory such as an SRAM comprises writing at Vdd, reduction of Vdd, restoration of Vdd, reading of the memory, and comparison of write patterns to read patterns to determine accuracy of data retention. Iterative or change of measurement testing involves repeated testing of a die to determine changes in Iddq, changes in multi-pattern data retention, or other changes in chip operating parameters. Defect activating test may be used in combination with change of measurement testing or with multi-pattern data retention testing.

Abstract: When analyzing the fringe pattern of an object to be observed by using Fourier transform method with respect to closed interference fringe image data, the original data expressed by an orthogonal coordinate system are once converted into fringe image data represented by a polar coordinate system, the converted data are analyzed by the conventional Fourier transform method, and then the resulted data are converted back into the original orthogonal coordinate system by inverse coordinate transformation, so as to obtain the wavefront corresponding to the original wavefront to be observed.

Abstract: To provide an electronic endoscope system provided with an objective optical system for optically magnifying an image to be observed by using a variable power lens and an electronic zoom IC circuit for electronically magnifying an image obtained by a CCD. A depth of field at the time of switching between optical variable power and electronic variable power is set at an arbitrary value by key operation etc. of a control panel of a processor. When the depth of field becomes a setting value, for example, 16 mm (lens position before Near end), during the operation of optical variable power based on the operation of a variable power switch, electronic variable power is executed by the electronic zoom IC circuit. Thereby, an enlarged image in which the depth of a subject to be observed with irregularities is properly in focus can be obtained.

Abstract: Providing an ultraviolet absorbent or photostabilizer with excellent absorption over a wide ultraviolet wavelength range and great stability and a high safety profile, as well as an ultraviolet-absorbing composition, a photostabilized composition and an external preparation for skin, where the pyridazine derivative of the following general formula and/or a salt thereof is included as the effective component of the ultraviolet absorbent or photostabilizer, or is included in the ultraviolet-absorbing composition, the photostabilized composition and the external preparation for skin: Wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are not simultaneously hydrogen atom; and R2 and R3 are not simultaneously morpholino group.

Abstract: A passenger aircraft so arranged that complete partition wall(s) is/are disposed in the manned space (e.g. a flight deck and a passenger cabin) of the aircraft fuselage so as to completely partition the manned space into at least two manned space sections which are completely isolated from each other. Hence, any hijacker is prevented by the partition wall(s) from his or her access to the manned space. Further, doors and lavatory are provided in the aircraft at points corresponding to such at least two isolated manned space sections, so that pilots, crews, flight attendants and passengers may not only find their own ways for egress from the aircraft and ingress thereto, but also have a wash and relieve themselves, for instance.

Abstract: A light-scanning optical system having a function of correcting surface tilt comprises a light source 11; a first optical means 1; a light-deflecting means 14 for reflecting and deflecting a luminous flux by its deflecting/reflecting surface 15 so as to scan a surface to be scanned 18; a first lens 16 having a positive refracting power in each of the main scanning and sub-scanning directions, in which each of both sides is made of a toric surface; and a second lens 17 having a small negative refracting power, in which each of both sides is made of an aspheric surface. A semiconductor laser having a wavelength of 500 nm or shorter is used as the light source. The first and second lenses 16, 17 may be made of plastic. Thus, in a simple configuration, the light-scanning optical system can reduce its size and cost, while being able to respond to higher image density.

Abstract: This electric mask generating apparatus reads mask bit string generation data, which has a configuration of one pixel per bit and is set in ROM, by a microcomputer, develops the mask bit string generation data in RAM, and thereafter writes the mask bit string generation data in mask generation memory. This electric mask generating apparatus reads a mask signal in this mask generation memory by a microcomputer, and mixes an image signal of an object with the above-described mask signal by using a shift register or the like in a mask-mixing circuit. According to the mask signal having this configuration of one pixel per bit, since it is possible to write the mask signal in the above-described mask generation memory during the time that is one-eighth of conventional write time, it becomes possible to quickly display an image to which a normal mask or a scaled mask is given.

Abstract: When a new processor is connected to an old electronic endoscope provided with a memory storing B data for image processing specific to the scope, white balance control is carried out by a microcomputer. That is, at the time when power is turned on, this microcomputer determines whether or not image processing data compatible with the new processor is present in the old electronic endoscope. If the compatible data are not present, the microcomputer carries out white balance control based on the image of white board picked up by the user, and additionally writes new C data for image processing at the time of white balance control in a memory of the old electronic endoscope together with data identification information. Thereby, the compatibility with an old type of electronic endoscope is maintained.