Abstract: A bright wide-angle infrared lens, suitable for a wavelength band of 8 to 12 &mgr;m, having favorable imaging performances comprises, successively from the object side, a first lens L1 made of a positive meniscus lens having a convex surface directed onto the object side and an image-side surface formed aspheric, a second lens L2 made of a negative meniscus lens having a convex surface directed onto the object side, and a third lens L3 having a positive refracting power with a convex surface directed onto the object side.

Abstract: A portable tooth or nail polisher has a motor connected to a coupler formed in a body. A head member is mounted on the coupler during use. An accommodating space is formed in the body for holding the head when not in use. A head holder for fixing the head member in the accommodating space presses in a direction perpendicular to a longitudinal direction and is constructed of a pair of protrusions extending from the body defining the accommodating space. The distance between the protrusions is smaller than the width of the head member.

Abstract: A rotary driving member at the tip end portion is rotated by a motor through a linear transmission member, and the rotation of this rotary driving member is converted into a straight-line motion to thereby enable a movable lens for making the observation distance variable to move within a predetermined range. A motor shaft and the linear transmission member are connected to each other by the shaft connecting member, whereby the linear transmission member is constructed so as to be able to move in an axial direction, and on the outer peripheral portion of the shaft connecting member, a rotating member having a protruded portion is mounted, and the rotation stopper mechanism is constituted by the rotating member and a locking pin portion. Thereby, any kink of the linear transmission member is eliminated to improve the response of driving control, and loads given to the tip end portion driving member and the linear transmission member are reduced.

Abstract: An objective lens for optical recording media is constituted by two or three lenses cemented together and used for recording or reproducing two kinds of optical recording media having respective thicknesses different from each other with two light beams having wavelengths &lgr;1 and &lgr;2 different from each other. The cemented face exhibits negative and positive refracting powers with respect to light beams having wavelengths &lgr;1 and &lgr;2, respectively, according to the wavelength-dependent difference in refractive index of materials constituting the respective lenses.

Abstract: In a zoom lens comprising first to fourth lens groups, the second lens group comprises two meniscus lenses and an achromatic lens. The achromatic lens comprises a cemented lens having a negative refracting power as a whole, and a lens having a positive refracting power with a convex surface directed onto the object side. The cemented lens comprises a meniscus lens or plane-convex lens having a positive refracting power with a concave surface or plane directed onto the object side, and a lens having a negative refracting power.

Abstract: This electronic endoscope apparatus is capable of forming a still image with high image quality by reading out all pixels obtained through an image-pickup device by one exposure and faithfully reproducing the movement concerning moving images. A switch between a pixel mix reading system, which mixes pixels accumulated on the image pickup device having a plurality of color filters arranged in units of pixels between upper and lower horizontal lines to read out from the image-pickup device, and an all-pixel reading system, which reads out signals of all pixels accumulated on the image-pickup device by one exposure uses a light shielding period set by a light shielded. This all-pixel reading system forms a still image, and the other pixel mix reading system forms a moving image.

Abstract: By providing a nitrogen-doped low carrier concentration layer 13 having both of a donor concentration and an acceptor concentration controlled below 1×1016/cm3 at a p-n junction portion between an n-type GaP layer 12 and a p-type GaP layer 14, the luminance of the GaP light emitting device can be improved by as much as 20 to 30% over the conventional one. Suppressing the donor concentration and the acceptor concentration in the low carrier concentration layer 13 below 1×1016/cm3 inevitably gives a carrier concentration, which is expressed as a difference between both concentrations, lower than 1×1016/cm3 accordingly. The emission efficiency upon injection of electrons or holes can be improved by suppressing the concentration of the donor which serves as non-emissive center below 1×1016/cm3 to thereby extend the carrier lifetime; and by concomitantly suppressing the carrier concentration at a level significantly lower than that in the adjacent layers 12 and 14.

Abstract: It is the object of the present invention to provide not only a semiconductor wafer obtained by forming a semiconductor thin film with uniform resistivity and substantially no slip dislocation on a main surface of a semiconductor single crystal substrate having a relatively low dopant concentration, as large as 300 mm or more in diameter but also a vapor phase growth apparatus by means of which such a semiconductor wafer can be produced. A dopant gas is supplied into a reaction chamber 10 through all of the inlet ports 18a to 18f disposed in a width direction of the reaction chamber 10 from a common gas pipe 22a functioning as a main dopant gas pipe. Further, the dopant gas is additionally supplied through inner inlet ports 18a and 18b, and middle inlet ports 18c and 18d, as specific gas inlet ports, into the reaction chamber 10 from first and second auxiliary dopant gas pipes 22b and 22c.

Abstract: In quantitative analysis of an element in a specimen in which characteristic X-rays generated from the specimen upon irradiation with an electron beam are detected, absorption current values of the specimen and a reference sample are measured before the final measurement, the value of ratio between thus measured values is determined, and the absorption current value of the specimen measured at the time of final measurement is multiplied by this value of ratio, so as to calculate the irradiation current value thereof, thereby substantially monitoring the irradiation current.

Abstract: In an electronic endoscope, and a memory which contains image pickup area information including size and light distribution characteristics are provided, and in a processor device to which this electronic endoscope is connected, a photometric part for measuring the light receiving state by using separated photometric areas, and a microcomputer are provided, and this microcomputer reads the above described image pickup area information on the electronic endoscope side, and sets a photometric areas (EA to EC) whose size is approximately the same corresponding to the size of the image pickup area in the above described photometric part, and in the meantime, gives weightings A to C to each separated area of these photometric areas (EA to EC). Consequently, even in the case where the sizes and the light distribution characteristics of the actual image pickup areas (FA to FC) determined by the objective optical system are changed, it is possible to realize fine photometry and brightness control.

Abstract: There is described a data-imprinting optical system for use with a camera which is composed of a single meniscus lens having a positive refracting power and a brightness aperture, which can be applied to a low-cost unsophisticated camera of manual advance type by satisfying predetermined conditional equations, and which enables miniaturization of and space-saving in a camera. Specifically, the data-imprinting optical system includes a single positive meniscus lens and a brightness aperture disposed on the part of a data display member. The positive meniscus lens is a plastic lens having an aspherical concave surface on the part thereof facing the data display member. An image of display information appearing on the data display member is projected on a film surface.

Abstract: An imaging device for an endoscope which can restrain the flicker of a screen caused when converting the television system, and furthermore, which makes it possible to unify processor circuits performing the processing of different systems. Having an NTSC system oscillator and a PAL oscillator with an oscillating frequency of N·fh2, and a switching device for selecting them in a scope equipped with a CCD suitable for the number of scanning lines, for example, of the NTSC system, and it drives the CCD on the basis of a timing signal formed in each of the selected oscillators. That is, when the PAL system is selected, the picture data is taken out from the CCD by a horizontal synchronization signal with a frequency of 15.

Abstract: In a probe microscope 120 for causing a sample 112 and a tip portion 118a of a probe 118 on the sample side to approach each other, detecting an interaction between the sample 112 and the sample-side probe tip portion 118a, and obtaining surface information of the sample 112 from the interaction, the probe 118 being a flexible needle-like probe; the probe microscope 120 comprises vibrating means 122 capable of rotating the probe 118 while flexing the sample-side tip portion 118a thereof so as to draw a circle having a size corresponding to an increase and decrease in the interaction between the sample surface 112 and the tip portion 118a, and detecting means 124 for detecting the increase and decrease in the size of the circle drawn by the sample-side probe tip portion 118a due to the interaction and obtaining, from the increase and decrease in the size of the circle, information about the distance between the sample 112 and the sample-side probe tip portion 118a.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon reservoir undergoing secondary recovery is subject to a first and then at least a second gravity gradient survey in which a gravity gradiometer takes gradient measurements on the surface above the reservoir to define successive data sets. The differences between the first and subsequent gravity gradient survey yields information as to sub-surface density changes consequent to displacement of the hydrocarbon and the replacement thereof by the driveout fluid including the position, morphology, and velocity of the interface between the hydrocarbon to be recovered and the driveout fluid.

Abstract: An eyepiece comprises, successively from the eye side, a first lens L1, which is a diffractive optical element with a diffractive optical surface on the object side, made of a biconvex lens having a surface with a greater curvature directed onto the eye side; and a second lens L2, which is a diffractive optical element with a diffractive optical surface on the eye side, made of a meniscus lens with a positive refracting power having a convex surface directed onto the eye side. Both of the diffractive optical elements satisfy the following conditional expression (1): E<0  (1) where E is the coefficient of the quadratic term of the phase difference function.

Abstract: An objective lens for a high-density optical recording medium, employed as an objective lens for an optical pickup for converging a luminous flux onto an optical recording medium, comprises, successively from the light source side, a first lens L1 made of a biconvex lens having at least one surface formed as an aspheric, and a second lens L2 made of a planoconvex lens having a convex surface directed onto the light source side, and satisfies the following conditional expressions (1) to (3): 0.588<&bgr;2≦0.676  (1) NA1≧0.45  (2) RMS1≦0.07&lgr;  (3) where &bgr;2 is the imaging magnification of the second lens L2; NA1 is the numerical aperture of the first lens L1; RMS1 is the RMS of the wavefront aberration of the first lens L1; and &lgr; is a reference wavelength.

Abstract: By forming a silicon single-crystal thin film direct on a chemically etched substrate, a time required for all the process can be effectively shortened, which largely contributes to reduction in production cost of a silicon epitaxial wafer and improvement on production efficiency thereof, with the result that a reduced wafer price at a user's end and a short delivery time are ensured. In a technical aspect, an etching removal in a chemical etching treatment is set to be 60 &mgr;m or more and thereby, a glossiness of a front main surface of a chemically etched substrate can be ensured to be 95% or higher. With such a glossiness of the front main surface of the substrate employed, a surface glossiness of a silicon single-crystal thin film formed on the front main surface of the chemically etched substrate can be increased to 95% or higher, thereby, enabling an auto-alignment treatment in a lithographic step coming later with no trouble.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lens barrel apparatus dispensing with deliberate switching between manual and automatic operation modes and permitting quick adjustment of conditions regarding the object. In this apparatus, a gear moving plate of a clutch mechanism is connected to the external gear of a zooming or focusing ring, a gear fixing plate of the clutch mechanism is connected to a zoom motor, and the gear moving plate is operated by a clutch operating motor via a coil spring and a moving gear to connect and disconnect the fixed plate. When the clutch mechanism is disconnected, a movable disk and a coil spring are enabled to freely rotate by a thrust bearing. By operating the clutch mechanism on the basis of an operational control signal for a zooming switch, switching between manual and electric operation modes is automatically accomplished. Further the manual operation torque of the zooming ring can be either adjusted with a volume control device or automatically maintained at a constant level.

Abstract: An illumination apparatus and a projection type image display apparatus are provided. The illumination apparatus comprises a light source section, a color reflector, and light quantity homogenizing means. The light source section is constituted by an illuminant and a light converging portion for converging a luminous flux from the illuminant. The color reflector comprises a rotary reflecting member disposed at a position where the luminous flux from the light source section is converged. The rotary reflecting member reflects only a specific wavelength component in the luminous flux according to an angle of rotation from a reference position. The light quantity homogenizing means homogenizes the light quantity of the luminous flux reflected by the color reflector.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide a semiconductor wafer obtained by forming a semiconductor thin film with uniform resistivity on a main surface of a semiconductor single crystal substrate of 300 mm or more in diameter. When a process gas is supplied to over a main surface of a silicon single crystal substrate 12 in rotation in almost parallel to the main surface thereof in one direction in a reaction chamber 10 through six inlet ports 18a to 18f disposed in width direction of the reaction chamber 10, H2 gas, a semiconductor raw material gas and a dopant gas are supplied onto an area in the vicinity of the center of the main surface of the silicon single crystal substrate 12 and an intermediate area thereof through the inner inlet ports 18a and 18b and the middle inlet ports 18c and 18d, and only H2 gas and the semiconductor raw material gas without the dopant gas are supplied onto an area in the vicinity of the outer periphery thereof from the outer inlet ports 18e and 18f.