Abstract: Crosstalk is suppressed low even when one surface of a multi-layer board seats a semiconductor integrated circuit of the BGA type and peripheral circuit components. Of a plurality of BGA bumps arranged on the back surface of a semiconductor integrated circuit chip, those BGA bumps (such as a high-frequency signal pin) to which peripheral circuit components need be mounted right close are arranged outer-most, and peripheral circuit components are then mounted right close to these BGA bumps. The BGA bumps one tier inner from the outer-most BGA bumps, which are to be used as grounding terminals, are connected with a wide inner-layer grounding wire pattern. Those BGA bumps (such as a logic control signal pin) to which peripheral circuit components need not be mounted right close are disposed further inward and connected with an inner-layer wire pattern which is located even deeper down from a front layer.

Abstract: An ARQ retransmission method in a communication system, wherein data packets comprising modulation symbols are retransmitted based on an automatic repeat request and subsequently combined with previously received data packets, the symbols of said data packets being modulated by a mapping unit employing a predetermined signal constellation. The retransmitted data packets being retransmitted in form of a selected one of a plurality of different redundancy versions. According to the invention, the bits to be transmitted are reordered prior to modulation over the retransmissions in accordance with the selected redundancy version.

Abstract: Some but not all engines of an aircraft are provided with thrust reversers. A safety device disables, at least from the position corresponding to idling, the action of the throttles corresponding to the engines devoid of thrust reversers when the thrust reversers are controlled to deployment.

Abstract: This invention concerns a solid catalyst component for olefin polymerization and the process for obtaining the catalyst component having titanium, halogen, magnesium, an organic acid ester and a relative surface area of 0.1–15 m2/g as measured according to a BET method and wherein the organic acid ester is contained in the solid catalyst component in an amount of 11% by weight or more.

Abstract: An output end and an inverted output end of a latch circuit that is connected to an output buffer circuit are switched with each other, and thereby, the relationship between the data of “0” or “1” and the drain of a memory cell is connected or not connected to a bit line is changed. In addition, an input of a sense amplifier is fixed at the grounding potential by means of a test control signal, and thereby, positive logic is confirmed in the case where the output of the output buffer circuit is “L,” and negative logic is confirmed in the case where the output of the output buffer circuit is “H.

Abstract: A hybrid ARQ retransmission method involves encoding data packets with a forward error correction (FEC) technique prior to transmission. The data packets are retransmitted based on an automatic repeat request (ARQ) and subsequently soft-combined with previously received erroneous data packets either on a symbol-by-symbol or a bit-by-bit basis. The symbols of the erroneous data packets are modulated by employing a first signal constellation. The symbols of the re-transmitted data packets are modulated by employing at least a second signal constellation. Each symbol bit has a mean bit reliability defined by the individual bit reliabilities over all symbols of the predetermined signal constellation. The first constellation and the at least second signal constellation are selected such that the combined mean bit reliabilities for the respective bits of all transmissions are averaged out.

Abstract: One end of each of five resistors is connected to each of the two ends and the respective intermediate points of a cascade of four depression-type FETs, while the other ends of the five resistors are provided with a predetermined voltage. This configuration fixes the source-drain potential of the four FETs. This fixing of the source-drain potential of the FETs permits stable application of a bias voltage for turning ON the FETs between the gate and the source each FET, so as to ensure the ON-OFF switching of the FETs.

Abstract: A damping structure includes a member defining an internal cavity; an aggregate which includes at least solid bodies in contact and which completely fills the internal cavity; a rigid plate for closing off the internal cavity; and an elastic element which exerts elastic pressure on the rigid plate so as to constrain the aggregate. The member defining the cavity may be elongate with the internal cavity being formed longitudinally inside the member. At least some of said solid bodies may be hollow or solid, compact, made of different materials, of different shapes, and/or of different sizes.

Abstract: An Internet switch box connects between a telephone set and a public switched telephone network (PSTN) line, the latter of which is used both for PSTN telephone conversations and for connection to an Internet service provider (ISP). The switch box contains hardware and embedded software for establishing a connection to an ISP and for Internet telephony. When two users, each having an Internet switch box connected to the telephone set, wish to have an Internet telephony conversation, one calls the other over the PSTN. When they agree to an Internet telephony conversation, they signal their Internet switch boxes, by pressing either buttons on the switch boxes or certain keys on the telephone keypads, to switch to Internet telephony. The switch boxes disconnect the PSTN call and connect to their ISPs. Once the switch boxes are on the Internet, they contact each other through a server which supplies Internet protocol (IP) addresses of switch boxes, and the users continue their conversation by Internet telephony.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a backup battery charging circuit capable of continuing to charge a backup battery to the limit of the voltage drop of a main battery so as to reduce the possibility of data disappearance to an achievable extent. For this purpose, a backup battery charging circuit comprises: a main battery serving as a power supply; a backward current protection diode; a regulator circuit using the main battery as the power supply; a limiting resistor; a backup battery; a switch for performing direct charging from the main battery; and a comparator for determining whether the regulator circuit or the switch is to be used.

Abstract: Modulation section 201 performs modulation processing on transmission data. Mapping control section 202 controls mapping of the baseband signal onto the subcarriers so that the important information conventionally transmitted by one subcarrier is transmitted by two subcarriers and one of the two subcarriers should be the subcarrier with a carrier frequency signal of frequency 0 which was conventionally not used. IFFT section 203 performs IFFT processing on the modulated transmission data. Transmission section 204 performs transmission processing on the IFFT-processed transmission data and transmits the processed transmission data from antenna 205.

Abstract: Bending machine (10) to obtain shaped elements from pre-cut profiles (11), equipped with a drawing assembly (14) which draws the profiles (11), first shearing means (13) arranged downstream of the drawing assembly (14) and bending means (12) arranged downstream of the first shearing means (13). Downstream of the bending means (12) are arranged second shearing means (15) to eliminate the terminal segments of the profiles (11) corresponding to the difference between the linear development of the shaped element to be produced and the length of the pre-cut profiles (11).

Abstract: A method for predicting motion compensation for determining of an input image based on a motion vector of the input image from this input image to a reference image which has been sampled at a first set time, and the method includes calculating a motion vector of the input image based on a move, at a second set time, of a block unit which is a part of the input image and consists of a plurality of pixels, and calculating a motion vector of the reference image based on a move, at the first set time, of a block unit which is a part of the reference image and consists of a plurality of pixels. Move compensation of the input image is calculated both from the motion vector of the input image and from the motion vector of the reference image, to thereby realize a method for determining motion compensation with high precision.

Abstract: A method for predicting motion compensation of determining of an input image based on a motion vector of the input image from this input image to a reference image which has been sampled at a first set time, and the method includes calculating a motion vector of the input image based on a move, at a second set time, of a block unit which is a part of the input image and consists of a plurality of pixels, and calculating a motion vector of the reference image based on a move, at the first set time, of a block unit which is a part of the reference image and consists of a plurality of pixels. Move compensation of the input image is calculated both from the motion vector of the input image and from the motion vector of the reference image, to thereby realize a method for determining motion compensation with high precision.

Abstract: A method for predicting motion compensation for determining of an input image based on a motion vector of the input image from this input image to a reference image which has been sampled at a first set time, and the method includes calculating a motion vector of the input image based on a move, at a second set time, of a block unit which is a part of the input image and consists of a plurality of pixels, and calculating a motion vector of the reference image based on a move, at the first set time, of a block unit which is a part of the reference image and consists of a plurality of pixels. Move compensation of the input image is calculated both from the motion vector of the input image and from the motion vector of the reference image, to thereby realize a method for determining motion compensation with high precision.

Abstract: A method for predicting motion compensation for determining of an input image based on a motion vector of the input image from this input image to a reference image which has been sampled at a first set time, and the method includes calculating a motion vector of the input image based on a move, at a second set time, of a block unit which is a part of the input image and consists of a plurality of pixels, and calculating a motion vector of the reference image based on a move, at the first set time, of a block unit which is a part of the reference image and consists of a plurality of pixels. Move compensation of the input image is calculated both from the motion vector of the input image and from the motion vector of the reference image, to thereby realize a method for determining motion compensation with high precision.

Abstract: A method for predicting motion compensation for determining of an input image based on a motion vector of the input image from this input image to a reference image which has been sampled at a first set time, and the method includes calculating a motion vector of the input image based on a move, at a second set time, of a block unit which is a part of the input image and consists of a plurality of pixels, and calculating a motion vector of the reference image based on a move, at the first set time, of a block unit which is a part of the reference image and consists of a plurality of pixels. Move compensation of the input image is calculated both from the motion vector of the input image and from the motion vector of the reference image, to thereby realize a method for determining motion compensation with high precision.

Abstract: A method for predicting motion compensation for determining of an input image based on a motion vector of the input image from this input image to a reference image which has been sampled at a first set time, and the method includes calculating a motion vector of the input image based on a move, at a second set time, of a block unit which is a part of the input image and consists of a plurality of pixels, and calculating a motion vector of the reference image based on a move, at the first set time, of a block unit which is a part of the reference image and consists of a plurality of pixels. Move compensation of the input image is calculated both from the motion vector of the input image and from the motion vector of the reference image, to thereby realize a method for determining motion compensation with high precision.