Abstract: A flat-band voltage reference includes two insulated-gate field-effect transistors, hereinafter IGFETs, which are substantially identical except for their flat-band voltage characteristics and which are biased to carry equal drain currents at equal drain voltages. The resulting difference in potential between the gate contacts of the IGFETs produces a voltage reference which is substantially independent of variances in operating points, supply potentials, and temperature.

Abstract: A device for measuring sheet resistivity of semiconductor materials and diffused layers uses a linear four-point probe having pneumatically-actuated contact pins coupled to a self-zeroing voltage amplifier and a current source having extremely high output resistance.

Abstract: A non-interlaced raster-type display includes interface circuitry for displaying character patterns indicative of data signals manipulated by a processor under the control of a manually-operable keyboard. The displayed character patterns are enhanced by half-shifting or delaying a raster line of display signals for a given character in order to improve the legibility of displayed alphanumeric character patterns. A blinking pointer or cursor is manually movable via keyboard control to the character spaces desired and the blinking cursor display is inhibited during movement thereof in order to maintain an invariant display of the cursor during repositioning.

Abstract: A light emitting diode is driven by an input signal and electromagnetically coupled to a photodiode. The photodiode is connected to a high impedance load across which is obtained a signal linearly related to but electrically isolated from the input signal.

Abstract: A measurement averaging counting apparatus employing a randomly phase modulated time base provides resolution improvement when measuring an applied signal comprising time intervals or pulsed frequencies repetitively occurring at rates synchronous to a counter's clock frequency.The phase of a reference frequency is varied in response to a random signal. The phase modulated reference frequency is applied to a frequency multiplier chain which multiplies both the frequency and the effective amount of phase modulation. The randomly phase shifting output of the frequency multiplier chain is applied as a clock signal to a measurement averaging counter thereby destroying coherence between the clock signal and the applied signal and allowing statistical averaging to take place.

Abstract: An automatic gate control system for automatically controlling the gate of a multifunction counter for maximum resolution within a fixed maximum time limit includes a Gate Control Apparatus for Setting the Input Signal Counting Interval patented by Ian T. Band and disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,693,097 issued Sept. 19, 1972, a timer responsive to a Q output of a D-type flip-flop and serially connected with an input of an OR gate and a Q output of the D-type flip-flop. The OR gate applies a set signal to a second flip-flop having a Q output coupled to a "D" input of the first flip-flop.