Abstract: The energy consumption of a data processing apparatus, having a data processing element with an operating mode and a stop mode, in which latter mode RAM contents are saved but all other chip functions are inoperative, can be minimized by switching between the two modes and by adjusting the oscillator's frequency at the optimal value, depending among others, on the data processing apparatus' task.

Abstract: Phase error contributions in pixels of a complex image of a nuclear magnetization distribution in a body region due to inhomogeneities of the steady, uniform magnetic field which are caused by the magnetic susceptibility of, for example a patient to be examined and by eddy currents are eliminated by processing the resonance signals obtained in multiple cycles of different magnetic field characteristics according to the assumption that the phase error varies smoothly as a function of the location in the complex image. A corrected phase and the corresponding phase error of a given pixel are determined and then the corrected errors of the next adjacent pixels are sequentially determined and a corrected phase 0 or .+-..pi. assigned to the respective next adjacent pixel, if the phase difference between its phase and the known phase error of the preceding pixel is modulo 2.pi. in intervals (-.DELTA.,.DELTA.), (.+-..pi.-.DELTA.,.+-..pi.+.DELTA.

Abstract: An in-line color picture tube including a deflection unit having a system of deflection coils accommodating two sets of soft magnetic correction elements. The first set is provided in the proximity of the center of the vertical deflection field and symmetrically with respect to the plane through the non-deflected electron beams. The second set is also provided in the proximity of the center of the vertical deflection field, but closer to the entrance side thereof and symmetrically with respect to the plane through the tube axis which is at right angles to the plane through the non-deflected electron beams. The second set of correction elements is thereby angularly rotated 90.degree. relative to the first set of correction elements. The first set provides conventional astigmatism correction, and the second set provides astigmatism correction of higher order components of the deflection field.

Abstract: Method of decoding data making it possible to correct certain errors, e.g. in synchronization and transmission. The method relates to decoding data transmitted in groups of blocks. Each block has n1+n2 bits, where n1 is the length of a corresponding information word. The information word is extended to an error protection block of n1+n2 bits by application of a linear error protection code and an off-set which indicates the position of the block within a group. Synchronization is established by incremental generation of a position-indicating syndrome from the block. If error correction is found to be necessary, it begins after synchronization. Synchronization is restarted if too many errors occur.

Abstract: A microwave oven comprises an oven cavity (10) bounded by conductive walls (11-16) and a microwave source (17-19) situated such that microwave energy is fed from above into the oven cavity (10). A bottom plate (20) of a dielectric material is situated above the conductive bottom wall (16), on which plate (20) food to be heated (21) is placed. Two conductive ridges (24, 25) project from the conductive bottom wall (16), which ridges (24, 25) are situated adjacent and in parallel to the respective shorter conductive side walls (12, 14). The dielectric bottom plate (20) is placed and dimensioned such that a trapped TM resonant mode is generated in the space between the upper surface of the bottom plate (20) and the conductive bottom wall (16).

Abstract: Process for simultaneously reading and certifying, useing a processing device, an information present at an address in a memory of an electronic medium, in particular a removable and portable medium such as a memory card. The process uses a random number, generated in the processing device, as an encoding key for the address and the information read. Thus the information is certified if the sent address and the received address are identical. Preferably the encoding algorithm is the DES.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for calibrating NMR imaging and imaging spectroscopy devices. A precise three-dimensional Cartesian grid allowing measurable three-dimensional fluid flow is established. T.sub.1 /T.sub.2 and regional spectroscopy is precisely measured at diverse places in the grid. Gradual system change over time is measured by pumping fluids through the grid. A modular embodiment can be reassembled into different shapes by the user, and provides both flow-through and static fluid measurements.

Abstract: This device for summing squares is designed to calculate the sum of the squares of "n" numbers with "m" binary elements, where n and m are whole numbers equal to or greater than "2"; it is made up from a systolic network 14 formed of identical cells arranged in lines and columns and around which is arranged a first peripheral circuit 16 to supply signals to the upper line, a second peripheral circuit 18 to supply signals to the input column also receiving signals from a presentation circuit 20 acting as an interface between the "n" numbers and the systolic network and finally an output circuit 22 connected to the lower line. Each line of the network is allocated to the calculation of the square of each of the numbers. Calculations are carried forward from the upper to the lower line via links between the lines. The output circuit consists of an adder component supplying the result from the calculations brought forward from the last line.

Abstract: For synchronizing a data block in a receiver, there are transmitted consecutively and prior to the data block: a first bit sequence of alternating "0" and "1" levels for determining the bit clock and a second bit sequence for determining the block synchronization by correlation. In known methods of determining the bit clock, the phase range of the individual bits of the received digital signal is divided into sub-intervals and the phase position of the bit clock is determined on account of the number of edges in these sub-intervals. In order to avoid fading and phase jitter having a detrimental effect on the bit synchronism, more specifically when transmitting through radio transmission links, N-phase-shifted clocks having the same clock frequency are generated in the receiver by means of which the first bit sequence is sampled.

Abstract: The detection coil of a magnetic resonance imaging apparatus comprises a stack of two coils with locally mutually perpendicularly directed B Fields. The first coil is formed as a butterfly coil having a B field extending parallel to the plane of the coil, the second coil being formed by a single flat coil having a B field extending transversely of the plane of the coil. The coils are arranged in a fixed mutual orientation so that for each of the coils reciprocally applied fluxes are always compensated for.

Abstract: A slave-type interface circuit which can receive signals from a bus if the coding A.sub.0, A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 of its inputs S.sub.0, S.sub.1 and S.sub.2 corresponds to that mode of operation. The signals from the bus are then delivered to the inputs L.sub.1 and L.sub.2. With another mode of operation the coding of inputs S.sub.0, S.sub.1 and S.sub.2 corresponds to off-line operation on the basis of logic levels applied to the same inputs L.sub.1 and L.sub.2. A branching block (SBL) directs the signals from the inputs L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 either to a bus receiver RBUS or directly to a decoder CDEC controlling a group of switches (COM). In the case of operation with a bus, the bus receiver (RBUS) controls the logic for the progress for operations.

Abstract: A clock generator for a pulse repeater of a receiver in a pulse transmission system comprises a forward filter (1) connected to its input (A), a difference former (2) whose positive input is connected to the output of the forward filter (1), a series arrangement connected between the output of the difference former (2) and the output (B) of the clock pulse generator and comprising a limiter (3), a time differentiator (4), a rectifier (5) and a narrow bandpass filter (10) in this order, and a feedback filter (6) connected between the output of the limiter (3) or the rectifier (5) and the negative input of the difference former (2). The limiter (3) is used to cancel intersymbol interference. The clock generator can be utilized in combination with a known pulse signal regenerator (1,7-9) of the decision feedback type to constitute a pulse repeater. Alternatively, a pulse repeater can be obtained by combining the clock generator with only a pulse regenerator (8, FIG.

Abstract: Mixer arrangement (M) comprising first and second quadrature mixer stages (M.sub.1 and M.sub.2) to which quadrature mixing signals are applied from an oscillator circuit (F.sub.0), these two mixer stages (M.sub.1 and M.sub.2) being coupled to a superposition circuit (S.sub.0). To suppress interferences occurring in the output signal of the superposition circuit due to oscillator crosstalk or leakage and/or a d.c. offset of the mixer stages (M.sub.1 and M.sub.2) which are supplied with mixing signals by the oscillator cirucit F.sub.0, the quadrature components of these interferences being in phase with the quadrature mixing signals are measured by means of first and second synchronous detectors (SD.sub.1 resp. SD.sub.2) to which detection carriers are applied in an in-phase or an anti-phase relationship with respect to the quadrature mixing signals. After sign inversion these quadrature components are fed back to the inputs of the two mixer stages (M.sub.1 and M.sub.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of making NMR images (density distributions, location-dependent spectroscopy) utilizing two alternating gradient fields whose gradient directions are mutually perpendicular. Thus, a two-dimensional "plane" in the 3-D image frequency space can be filled with a uniform density of measurement points. Per FID signal more signal samples can be taken, resulting in a substantial reduction of the entire measurement procedure for a 3-D image. This method is very suitable for imaging of 3-D density distributions, 2-D or 3-D spectroscopy etc. The periods and the amplitudes of the alternating gradient fields are preferably the same; however, these fields are preferably phase-shifted 90.degree. with respect to one another.

Abstract: An apparatus is described for reading an optically readable record carrier, in which apparatus various control signals are derived from signals obtained by sampling the signals supplied by two optical-detector halves with the bit frequency both during the intermediate areas and the pits, the samples taken during the pits being processed separately from the samples taken during the intermediate areas.Preferably, only one sample is taken for each pit and each intermediate area, namely only if the pit or intermediate area is longer than a specific number of clock periods.

Abstract: In a speech or speaker recognition system, a segment or sequence of speech parameter values are smoothed to a most probable sequency by Dynamic Programming. The method for determining the variation with time of a speech parameter is based on a speech signal which is subdivided into successive segments and an individual value exists in each segment and for each value of the parameter within a limited range of values. For the example of the fundamental voice frequency, a value has been generated in each speech segment with the aid of the AMDF (Average Magnitude Difference Function). The required variation now links a sequency of horizontally, vertically or diagonally directly adjacent speech parameter values to one another in such a manner that the sum of the associated individual values represents a minimum. In this arrangement, this sum is slightly magnified in diagonal or vertical sections since a horizontal variation is most probable.

Abstract: A method of operation of a telephone and data PABX communication network which comprises a set of nodes interlinked by means of TDM-transmission lines. Each node serves an individual switching exchange and comprises its own control module. To a user the network is manifested as a single system. The invention flexibly sub-divides such a system, allowing the offering of fully integrated specific facilities within the boundaries of domains that can be arbitrarily defined within the total network configuration. Local data is provided in each node for a specific facility-bounded program which dictates the operation of a control module of the node. Such data contains an adjustable address file having the addresses of those nodes over which a call or a specific facility to which such program relates can be accepted. Nodes to which a specific facility is extended and whose addresses are incorporated in the file of each such node define a fully integrated domain wherein the relevant specific facility can be offered.

Abstract: A position-sensitive radiation detector, which on a plane surface has at least two adjacent reverse-biassed radiation-sensitive diodes, includes a bias circuit for establishing differences in the reverse voltages across the diodes in order to adjust the boundary between the radiation-sensitive areas of the diodes. To adjust the position of the boundary relative to the locations where a radiation beam is incident on the detector use can be made of the photoelectric currents generated in the radiation-sensitive diodes by the radiation beams for comparing the actual position of the boundary with the desired position of the boundary. The position-sensitive radiation detector is particularly suitable for use in the focus-error detection system of an optical read and/or write apparatus.

Abstract: A telephone set comprising an active line voltage stabilizer circuit having two output terminals 10-1 and 10-2 between which it produces a stabilized direct voltage which is independent of the line current. A series arrangement of a capacitor (14) and a resistor (16) is connected between such output terminals, the junction thereof constituting a DC supply terminal for the telephone set. Such arrangement does not alter the a.c. impedance of the stabilizer circuit between the wires, and has a considerably lower d.c. output resistance than supply terminals previously employed.

Abstract: Telephone network comprised of a plurality of nodes which are coupled to each other by means of transmission lines, each node comprising a switching module, a central module and at least one peripheral module and an operational maintenance control unit, which can supply a command consisting of a sequence of sub-commands for changing the data in one or more nodes in the network being coupled to one of the nodes, there being coupled to one of the nodes a central back-up memory containing a network register for the sub-commands which are common to all the nodes of the network, local registers for specific sub-commands for always one node, one local register being provided for each node, and also a sequence number Table from which a unique sequence number can be assigned to each sub-command intended for storage either in the network register or in one of the local registers and a last relevant sequence number Table of the sub-command last registered for each of the node units being included, the sub-commands bein