Abstract: The invention provides a co-polymer comprising a hub portion from which radiate from 3 to 8 arms, where the hub portion being the residue of a trifunctional to octafunctional thiol and each arm is an addition polymer comprising structural units and functional units where the functional units contain hydrolysable group-bearing silicon atoms, optionally additional functional units each of which contain crosslinking groups that are the same or different and that are compatible with each other and the hydrolysable group-containing silicon atoms and optionally auxiliary functional units containing wetting groups.

Abstract: A water-based autoxidizable coating composition, especially a gloss or partial gloss coating composition (e.g. paint, varnish, woodstain or timber preservative) suitable for application at ambient temperatures which comprises water, preferably organic cosolvent and a partially esterified carboxylic acid film-forming copolymer at least partially neutralized by monovalent cations wherein the copolymer contains added 3-allyloxy-2-hydroxypropyl groups or certain analogues derived from addition of allyl glycidyl ether or certain of its analogues to carboxylic acid groups, in a copolymeric backbone portion derivable from a prepolymer of weight average molecular weight less than 30 000. The partially esterified copolymer has an acid value of 25 to 60 and preferably a dynamic solution viscosity of 1 to 500 Pa.sec measured in 1-methoxy-2-hydroxy propane by oscillatory parallel plate rheometer. The coatings lap well, dry quickly and achieve acceptable water resistance.

Abstract: Ambient and heat cured thermosetting emulsion protective coatings are produced by copolymerizing ethylenic monomers including beta-hydroxyl monomers and carboxyl ester monomers to provide a catalyst activated transesterification cure between the hydroxyl groups and the carboxyl ester groups. The transesterification catalyst comprise oxirane functionality in combination with certain classes of nucleophilic compounds. The oxirane functionality can be a catalytic epoxy compound or copolymerized glycidyl monomer or both.

Abstract: Coating compositions containing aqueous dispersions of higher molecular weight epoxy resin are produced by advancing the molecular weight of an aqueous dispersion of a low molecular weight epoxy resin having a number average molecular weight between about 360 and 2,000. The water dispersed low molecular weight epoxy resins are advanced in molecular weight by coreaction with diphenol at temperatures above about 105.degree. C. and at pressures above about 5 psig to produce the aqueous dispersed high molecular weight epoxy resin. The aqueous dispersed high molecular weight epoxy resin can be further copolymerized with ethylenic monomers, if desired, to produce an acrylic epoxy emulsion binder useful in protective coatings.

Abstract: A direct pigment photographic printing process and composition based on a two-step coating process comprising a first coating applied to a sealed substrate containing between 2 to 8 and 8 to 2 weight parts of gum arabic to gelatin, and then applying a second top coating containing preferred ratios of gum arabic to gelatin. The process is based on heating the first and second coating compositions sufficiently above about 105.degree. F. prior to application to the substrate to assure homogeneous mixtures of each coating at the time of application.

Abstract: A protective paint coating containing a polymeric binder having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties in the polymeric structure comprises an acrylic-graft terpolymer. The terpolymer comprises aliphatic-modified glycidyl acrylate and epoxy resin coreacted with diphenol to form the terpolymer. Ethylenically unsaturated monomers, including carboxyl monomers, are in-situ copolymerized in the presence of the terpolymer to produce the acrylic-graft terpolymer. The aliphatic-modified glycidyl acrylate component of the terpolymer comprise the reaction product of a glycidyl acrylate and an aliphatic ethylenic monomer having a chain of 2 to 20 carbon atoms. The aliphatic chain and the carboxyl functionality provide the self-contained wetting agent properties to the polymeric binder structure.

Abstract: A polyisocyanate mixture which is emulsifiable in water comprising;(i) An isocyanate functional oligomer, which is the reaction product of;(a) a polyisocyanate having tertiary isocyanate groups, and(b) a hydrophilic polyether having a group which will react with tertiary isocyanate groups, and(ii) a polyisocyanate having tertiary isocyanate groups.The polyisocyanate mixtures can be used with suitable filmforming polymers to make aqueous coating compositions.

Abstract: A protective coating composition exhibiting low VOC particularly useful for the interior surfaces of beverage and beer cans, where the polymeric binder comprises epoxy-acrylic copolymer and coating contains very low levels of a terpolymer surfactant comprising copolymerized monomers consisting of 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and an acrylic acid.

Abstract: An aqueous, air-dry, emulsion protective coating composition, pigmented or unpigmented, and exhibiting excellent chalk adhesion without the need for external adhesion promoters, where the protective coating composition contains a film forming polymeric binder comprising emulsion copolymerized ethylenically unsaturated monomers including minor amounts of a fatty acid methacrylate or acrylate.

Abstract: A modular marking system for permanently marking the playing field on an athletic field with removable upright visible markers containing a variable diameter spring means for attaching an above ground, upright visible marker to a ground anchor. The variable diameter spring means comprises heavy gauge coiled steel having a large diameter coil section disposed within the ground anchor and a small diameter coil section secured within the upright visible marker, where the intermediate diameter reduction area is approximate to ground level to facilitate bending at ground level upon impact from any direction. The ground anchors permanently mark critical intersecting points of playing field lines, where the ground anchors can be used for aligning and visible marking playing field lines and subsequently for supporting the upright visible markers. The modular marking system is particularly useful for permanently marking different playing fields on the sme athletic field.

Abstract: A film-forming thixotropic binder system for imparting sag resistance to coating compositions comprising the product obtained by reacting an isocyanate preferably having a molecular weight of at least 400 and comprising more than two isocyanate groups (preferably an isocyanurate trimer obtained from di-isocyanates) with a polyamine and optionally a monoamine in the presence of a film-forming carboxylic acid copolymer having an acid value of at least 25 mg KOH/g copolymer. The binder composition may be neutralized by alkali to produce a salt soluble in an aqueous coating composition. Also detailed processes for making the binder system.

Abstract: Heat cured, thermoset protective surface coating films applied to a substrate are produced preferably by a dual cure of a polymeric ionomeric binder comprising zinc modified carboxyl functional epoxy-ester polymers. The epoxy-ester polymer contains both carboxy and hydroxyl functionality and coreacts with a zinc salt selected from a zinc carbonate or an organic zinc salt having a pKa above about 3.0. Upon heat curing, the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups crosslink while the zinc forms a zinc cluster to produce a thermoset film.

Abstract: Non-aqueous ionomeric coatings useful as protective surface coatings applied to a substrate are produced by combining a carboxyl functional polymer with zinc carbonate. Upon heat curing the applied film, the zinc cation clusters with the carboxyl polymer to produce a thermoset coating film.

Abstract: A protective paint coating containing a polymeric binder having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties in the polymeric structure comprises an acrylic-graft terpolymer. The terpolymer comprises aliphatic-modified glycidyl acrylate and epoxy resin coreacted with diphenol to form the terpolymer. Ethylenically unsaturated monomers, including carboxyl monomers, are in-situ copolymerized in the presence of the terpolymer to produce the acrylic-graft terpolymer. The aliphatic-modified glycidyl acrylate component of the terpolymer comprise the reaction product of a glycidyl acrylate and a branched aliphatic ethylenic monomer having a branched chain of 2 to 20 carbon atoms. The branched aliphatic chain and the carboxyl functionality provide the self-contained wetting agent properties to the polymeric binder structure.

Abstract: Ionomeric paint coatings are produced from an ionomeric polymer containing carboxyl functionality which is coreacted or neutralized with an organic zinc salt. The ionomeric polymer coreacted with a zinc organic salt functions as a binder and exhibits thermosetting-like properties.

Abstract: Curable epoxy-amine coatings comprised of pigmented mixtures of reactive amine-functional curing agents and epoxy resins are substantially improved by being rendered thixotropic or pseudoplastic by the inclusion of at least about 0.05% by weight of a thixotropic additive selected from monocarboxylic organic acid, dicarboxylic organic acid, tricarboxylic organic acid, fatty acid or polymerized fatty acid.

Abstract: A process for non-aqueous copolymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers including carboxyl functional monomers in the presence of epoxy resin by in-situ copolymerization is improved by utilizing a catalyst (initiator) combination of less than 2% peroxide and between 0.05% and 0.1% phosphonium catalyst. The carboxyl functional polymer can be aminated and dispersed into water to produce a protective coating composition useful for interior surfaces of beer and beverage cans.

Abstract: Thermosetting coating compositions are based on a binder comprising carboxyl functional polyurethane, acrylic copolymer, and if desired a carbodiimide crosslinker. The binder is produced by synthesizing an isocyanate terminated, carboxyl functional urethane prepolymer in the absence of water and organic solvent but in the presence of ethylenic monomers. The organic phase urethane prepolymer dispersed in ethylenic monomers is inverted into water whereupon the urethane prepolymer is extended by reaction with a primary or secondary polyamine such as diamine to produce a high molecular weight polyurethane-urea. Thereafter, the ethylenic monomers are copolymerized to form an aqueous dispersed polyurethane-urea and acrylic copolymer mixture. The resulting polymeric binder is useful in protective surface coatings applied to plastic substrates. A carbodiimide can be added to provide thermosetting crosslinking with the carboxyl functional polyurethane.

Abstract: Thermosetting coating compositions are based on thermosetting polymeric binder comprising a blocked sulfonic acid functional addition polymer of copolymerized monomers, including sulfonic acid monomer, adapted to coreact upon heating with amine crosslinker.

Abstract: An epoxy-acrylic graft copolymer useful as a paint film is prepared by the in-situ copolymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers including between 1% and 25% by weight of alkylated alkylol acrylamide monomer in the presence of at least 3% by weight of peroxide initiator in the absence of water. The unsaturated monomer chains are grafted by carbon-to-carbon grafts to the epoxy resin backbone. The resulting epoxy-acrylic graft copolymer is dispersed into water by adding amine, and is blended with from 1 to 40 parts by weight of aminoplast per 100 parts by weight of copolymer.