Abstract: The invention pertains to decorative border fence system comprising a ground anchor, a vertical posted fitted into the ground anchor but adapted to be easily removed therefrom, where the border fence system comprises a plurality ground anchor with fitted vertical posts. If desired, the fence system can include intervening chain-links means interconnected between adjacent vertical posts.

Abstract: A fluorinated-silicone-acrylic terpolymer useful as a binder in powder coatings is prepared by step-wise synthesis. The process comprises reacting silicone resin with a fluorinated component to produce a fluorinated silicone resin followed by further reaction with hydroxylated acrylic prepolymer to form the flourinated-silicone-acrylic terpolymer.

Abstract: A method of stabilizing polyamide coatings comprises the addition of an ethoxylated quaternary ammonium chloride compound to the polyamide coating to impart sag resistance to the coating particularly when the coating is applied to upright or vertical surfaces.

Abstract: Excellent adhesion of acrylic polymer coatings to plastic substrates can be obtained by the addition of an isocyanate modified polyester copolymer to the acrylic polymer coating.

Abstract: A high solids coating composition comprises a low molecular weight polymeric blend of acrylic polymer, polyester polymer, and amine cross-linking resin. The acrylic and polyester polymers contain primary hydroxyl groups adapted to coreact and cross-link with active amine cross-linking resin such as aminoplast resins. All of the polymers have a number average molecular weight below about 3000.

Abstract: A new transesterification catalyst comprises an epoxide and a non-acidic nucleophilic onium salt.Coating compositions having hydroxyl functional resin components and carboxylic ester components adapted for curing by transesterification following application to a substrate are formulated with in-situ formed cure catalyst comprising a non-acidic nucleophile and an epoxide-to-product coatings that readily cure by transesterification. Such coatings including polyesters, polyepoxides, and polyacrylates are useful in formulating high solids coatings and powder coatings having exceptional physical properties.Extremely low-temperature cure coatings were obtained by transesterifying mixtures of polyols and polymeric esters having multiple activated ester linkages having the structure ##STR1## wherein R' is lower alkyl and Y is --OH and O-alkyl radicals. These coatings provide low-temperature cure coatings for paper, plastic, and wood in addition to metal substrates.

Abstract: Package and tank stable low temperature self-curing cation-active aqueous soluble or dispersible coating compositions are prepared by polymerizing blocked isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (IEM) alone or copolymerizing with various vinyl unsaturated monomers optionally in the presence of epoxy-amine adduct. These cation-active polymers when acidified or partially acidified provide aqueous solutions or dispersions especially useful as low temperature curable vehicles in cathodic electrocoating.

Abstract: Improved coating compositions which incorporate acrylate resins having multiple carbon-to-carbon bond unsaturation attached to the polymer chain through ester and/or urethane linkage are derived from the reaction product of:(1) an acrylate resin having multiple epoxide functionality attached to the polymer chain through an ester or ether linkage reacted with an unsaturated carboxylic acid preferably acrylic or methacrylic acid; or(2) an acrylate resin having multiple hydroxyl group functionality reacted with an organoisocyanate having 0.5 to 1.0 unit of carbon-to-carbon unsaturation per mole of isocyanate.Such coatings are particularly useful in formulating gel coat composites which exhibit hydrolytic stability and good weatherability.

Abstract: Improved powder coating compositions comprise a hydroxyl functional binder having carboxylic ester functionality and a transesterification cure catalyst comprising an epoxide and a non-acidic nucleophile, preferably onium salts. Resins such as hydroxyl functional acrylic, hydroxyl functional polyester, ester functional polyesters, and methyl succinate esters of bisphenol epoxides transesterify in the presence of an epoxide and phosphonium salts such as tetrabutylphosphonium acetate and yield coatings having exceptional hardness, impact resistance and solvent resistance at bake temperatures of about 300.degree. F.

Abstract: The composition comprises a cationic free, functional emulsion polymer mixture adapted to be coreacted with glycoluril. The process comprises copolymerizing ethylenically unsaturated monomers, including functional monomers but excluding amine monomers, in an aqueous polymerization medium. The resulting polymers are useful in surface coating application generally as well as specifically for wood substrates.

Abstract: New aqueous dispersible cathodic electrocoat resin compositions containing both secondary amine and 1,3-benzoxazine functionality cure by oxazine self-additon and/or oxazine/amine reactions. Such compositions are prepared in a multi-stage process to give corrosion and chemical resistant coatings which exhibit good package (tank and feed) stability.

Abstract: A high solids coating composition comprises a low molecular weight polymeric blend of acrylic polymer, polyester polymer, and amine cross-linking resin. The acrylic and polyester polymers contain primary hydroxyl groups adapted to coreact and cross-link with active amine cross-linking resin such as aminoplast resins. All of the polymers have a number average molecular weight below about 3000.

Abstract: Single package C-enamel can coatings of improved stability are prepared by first dispersing the zinc oxide pigment in a water compatible solvent containing a butylated urea formaldehyde or butylated melamine and adding the dispersed pigment to a vehicle comprising an aqueous blend of an epoxy-acrylic emulsion with an acrylic latex. The stability improvement is evident in the coating viscosity, the non-settling of the pigment on storage, and the flexibility adhesion in the applied coating.

Abstract: There is provided an improved method for particle size and distribution determinations using a photosedimentometer having a centrifugal disc chamber for containing a spin fluid. The spin fluid must be characterized by a density gradient. The present process provides a novel way of composing the spin fluid. The less dense component water/alcohol is introduced first, and the more dense component (e.g., water) is introduced second. At no time is the power to the motor driving the disc interrupted as in prior art methods. Better and more reproducible results are secured.

Abstract: New siloxane-esters, useful as powder coating resins, are prepared by random condensation polymerization of a hindered glycol and a hydroxy functional silicone having about two ##STR1## groups per molecule wherein R is lower alkyl or phenyl groups and the remaining silicone valences form ring-structured siloxanes. Improved powder properties, including tack temperatures of 150.degree. F. to 220.degree. F., are believed to result in part from the hindered glycols especially those having carboxylic functionality.

Abstract: The blocked isocyanate crosslinker commonly used in conventional electrocoat compositions are difficult to incorporate satisfactorily into latex paint compositions for such application. An improved homogenized feed process for incorporating such water insoluble crosslinking agents into the latex particle during emulsion polymerization of reactive (hydroxy functional) vinyl monomers provides thermosetting latex of high cleanliness. The invention pertains to an improved cationic, amine-stabilized electrocoating composition and process.

Abstract: Polymer composition particularly useful as protective surface coatings comprise an aqueous mixture of epoxy-acrylic graft copolymers combined with a functional low molecular weight polyester and minor amounts of an amine derivative crosslinking resin. The low molecular weight polyester contains reactive hydroxyl or carboxyl functional groups and a molecular weight less than about 2,000.

Abstract: Clear topcoats for grain printed, paper overlay and wet print interior wood paneling comprising a low Tg acrylic latex emulsion polymer, a high Tg non-film forming plastic pigment latex emulsion and a glycoluril crosslinker in a solids ratio of 1:6 parts latex to 1 part crosslinker provide coatings of excellent block resistance and gloss retention adapted to cure at temperatures of from about 100.degree. F. to 260.degree. F.

Abstract: New Cobalt(II) nitrilomethylidyne dipyrrole complexes such as Cobalt(II) 2,2'-[trimethylenebis(nitrilomethylidyne)]-dipyrrole, Cobalt(II) 2,2'-[o-phenylenebis(nitrilomethylidyne)]-dipyrrole and their basic ligand complexes are effective catalysts for molecular weight control in acrylate/methacrylate polymerization.The process comprises polymerizing monomers, especially including methacrylic monomer or methacrylic/acrylic monomer, in the presence of azo initiator and between 0.0001% and 0.01% of Cobalt(II) 2,2'-[trimethylenebis(nitrilomethylidyne)]-dipyrrole and/or Cobalt(II) 2,2'-[o-phenylenebis(nitrilomethylidyne)]-dipyrrole complexes to produce low molecular weight acrylate polymers and copolymers.

Abstract: Package and tank stable low temperature self-curing cation-active aqueous soluble or dispersible coating compositions are prepared by polymerizing blocked isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (IEM) alone or copolymerizing with various vinyl unsaturated monomers optionally in the presence of epoxy-amine adduct. These cation-active polymers when acidified or partially acidified provide aqueous solutions or dispersions especially useful as low temperature curable vehicles in cathodic electrocoating.