Abstract: In an apparatus of the kind arranged to reproduce, with a plurality of rotary heads, an information signal from a record bearing medium having many recording tracks which are parallel to each other with the information signal recorded therein and with a plurality of different pilot signals of different frequencies also recorded one by one, one in each of the recording tracks, a plurality of different reference signals of different frequencies are simultaneously generated. A tracking error is detected by using the different reference signals together with the pilot signals which are included in signals reproduced from the plurality of rotary heads.

Abstract: A protective device for movable mechanical shelves, such as paternoster shelves, discontinues movement of the shelves when obstructions are located in their path. The protective device includes light barriers positioned at the boundaries of an opening at which the shelves can be selectively positioned. Electric circuitry connects the light barriers and the motor for driving or moving the shelves. The electric circuitry permits the testing of the operational readiness of the overall protective device during the movement of the shelves.

Abstract: Disclosed is an information signal reproducing apparatus reproducing apparatus for reproducing information signals recorded on a recording medium, moving apparatus for moving the recording medium relative to the reproducing apparatus, manually operable apparatus for indexing a first position and a second position on the recording medium, and control apparatus for controlling the operation of the reproducing apparatus and the moving apparatus so that reproduction of the information signals which have been recorded between the first and the second positions is automaticallly repeated in either direction.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing spherical metallic particles which are especially suited for use as an abrasive wherein a particulate metal starting material is liquified by counter-current flow with a hot gas stream which places the solid and liquid particles in a fluidized state and the liquified particles are droplets upon reaching a sufficiently small size are carried upwardly out of the fluidized zone and then cooled to form the spherical particles. An apparatus for carrying out the process is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention seeks to provide a method in which the soda lye obtained as a result of cellulose cooking process and unslaked lime are used for producing white liquor which can be re-used in the cooking process. In this method, the heat released by the slaking of lime with soda lye is recovered by a high pressure slaking process wherein the heat is transferred, either to the steam separating from the lye, which steam is then led to the desired application, or to some other medium to be heated. The present invention is characterized in that the soda lye to be causticized is divided into two parts, one of which is used for the slaking of lime by adding to it all the unslaked lime needed for the causticizing process, and that, following slaking, the two volumes are brought together for the actual causticizing reaction involving the total amount of lye needed. The present invention provides the advantage that the amount of lye needed is smaller, and so the temperature can be increased.

Abstract: A sealing device for a high vacuum valve having a movable member which is adapted to be moved to open and close said valve, wherein a first sealing surface is formed on the movable member and a second sealing surface is formed on a housing of the valve with the first and second sealing surfaces being moved relative to each other during movement of the movable member. The first and second sealing surfaces are spaced apart when the valve is in the closed position and a solid sealing member is interposed therebetween, the sealing member being formed with an annular configuration having an inner rounded edge and an outer rounded edge adapted to be engaged between the first and second sealing surfaces. The outer edge of the annular sealing member is formed with a smaller curvature than the inner edge.

Abstract: The disclosed information signal recording and/or reproducing apparatus records or reproduces an information signal by shifting two electric-to-mechanical conversion elements which respectively have heads mounted thereon. Each electric-to-mechanical conversion element has a residual displacement characteristic. The shift direction of one conversion element is arranged to be the same as that of the other immediately before switchover from a first mode to a second mode. In the first mode, the difference between voltages impressed on the two elements is relatively large, and, in the second mode, the difference between voltages impressed on the two elements is relatively small.

Abstract: A differential phase shift keying demodulator in which a signal modulated by differential phase shift keying is compared with the modulated signal delayed an integral number times as much as a period of the carrier wave of the modulated signal and shorter than a transmission period for one bit of the modulated signal.

Abstract: A clamping device which is arranged to clamp a workpiece to a table or stand, and which does not obstruct the clamping region of the table or stand, has a fluid pressure-loaded clamping piston slidably mounted in a main housing with toggle levers on either side thereof bearing against oppositely situated saddle bearings at the sides of the housing. The toggle levers are moved by the clamping piston between an inclined position and an extended position and load a clamping or pulling anchor which is mounted on the housing. The clamping or pulling anchor is pivotally mounted on a clamping lever so that it can swing through a maximum of 180.degree. from a clamping position into a release position in which it is well clear of the workpiece. The anchor is fitted onto a bearing pin, which is disposed in an end, which projects from the housing, of the clamping lever which is pivotally mounted in the housing.

Abstract: The disclosed shutter time switching device for a rotary shutter is provided with a stepping motor for controlling the opening angle of the rotary shutter. The device includes a driving mechanism for driving the stepping motor in a two-phase driving mode when switching between relatively high shutter speeds and in a single-phase driving mode when switching between relatively low shutter speeds. Optimum responsivity of the switching operation is thus obtained. The stepping motor is rotatable in a first direction and a second direction which is reverse to the first direction. To solve the problem of hysteresis of the motor, the device is provided with a further drive mechanism for driving the stepping motor in the first direction at least one step before a desired step position, regardless of whether the motor has been driven in the first or second direction for switching the shutter speed.

Abstract: A pipe processing device for use in cutting and/or chamfering a pipe to be welded where an attaching body is securely held on the outer peripheral surface of the pipe by means of three abutting members mounted in the angularly spaced relation with the position of the abutting member being adjustable by a screw bar and also smoothly moved along the outer peripheral surface of the pipe, which is then cut by means of a cutting wheel vertically for the axial line and if necessary the end of the pipe can be chamfered by means of a chamfering cutter mounted on the device.

Abstract: In a vehicle having a brake fluid pressure controller arranged to control brake fluid pressure on following and driving wheels, one independently of the other, a brake fluid pressure retaining device arranged to retain brake fluid pressure for parking by means of said fluid pressure controller and an engine revolution controller, a method for controlling the start of the vehicle comprising the steps of (a) completely releasing the brake fluid pressure on the following wheel and gradually reducing the driving wheel brake fluid pressure in response to a vehicle starting operation; (b) holding the driving wheel brake fluid pressure at a value which is obtained at a point of time when the rotation of the driving wheel is detected; (c) stopping the acceleration of engine revolution at a point of time when the rotating speed of the driving wheel comes to exceed a predetermined value and then lowering the rotating speed of the driving wheel at least either by increasing the brake fluid pressure on the driving wheel

Abstract: A document feeding mechanism including a feed chute pivotally mounted on an axle to enable positioning of the input location for the documents is formed to include a power transmission mechanism for the document transport elements which power transmission mechanism is also carried by the same axle.

Abstract: An external shaft rotary piston machine wherein pistons of a piston rotor run in engagement with a cavity of a circular cylindrical sealing rotor during a particular relative rotational position of the rotors, the cavity being substantially larger than necessary for passage of the pistons in order to avoid flow losses due to seal wedging flow and compression. In order to avoid overflow from the high pressure side to the low pressure side of the machine through the sealing rotor while the pistons move in the sealing rotor through the space defined by the cavity, a sealing effect is created by a leading edge and a trailing edge portion of the opening of the cavity of the sealing rotor moving along a leading and a trailing side surface of the pistons. This is effected kinematically due to the fact that the trailing edge of the cavity opening is displaced radially inwardly and that an edge portion extends from the trailing edge convexly relative to the peripheral surface of the sealing rotor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a head shifting apparatus for shifting a head relative to a recording medium, which includes a shifting mechanism for shifting the head stepwise, and detecting apparatus for detecting when the head reaches a predetermined reference position. Control apparatus controls the shifting mechanism in such a manner that the head is shifted in a first shifting mode where the head is shifted on the basis of a predetermined first shifting step unit increment until the head reaches the reference position. Then it performs normal recording or reproducing. The head is shifted in a second shifting mode where it is shifted on the basis of a predetermined second shifting step unit increment larger than the first shifting step unit increment.

Abstract: A saw-tooth wave generating circuit is formed by providing a constant current source with negative feedback through an operational amplifier. The operational amplifier compares a reference voltage with the voltage across a resistor through which a current of the constant current source is flowing, to produce a control voltage for the constant current source. The saw-tooth wave is generated across a capacitor which is charged by the constant current source and is discharged through a transistor which receives a periodic pulse signal.

Abstract: In the disclosed phase-locked loop circuit, a phase detecting circuit produces a control signal for controlling the frequency of an oscillator according to the phase difference between the output of the oscillator and an input signal. The control signal controls the oscillator only during a specific period of time in which there is a phase difference. This eliminates the need for a low pass loop filter and results in a quick response, stable phase-locked loop circuit.

Abstract: The use of fluorinated norbornylsiloxanes of the general formula ##STR1## in which R is a hydrocarbon radical with 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a phenyl radical;R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 are the same or different and represent hydrogen or methyl radicals;R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8 are the same or different and represent hydrogen, fluorine radicals, hydrocarbon radicals with 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or fluorinated hydrocarbon radicals with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, in which at least one of the R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8 radicals must be a fluorine or a fluorinated hydrocarbon radical,Y is an organosiloxanyl radical,A is a divalent hydrocarbon radical or an oxygen radical, anda is 0, 1 or 2for defoaming freshly extracted degassing crude oil. The compounds are highly effective and show a broader area of application for defoaming degassing crude oils of different origins.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a dental handpiece 1 comprising a grip sleeve 2 having at least one cordlike light guide 18 in the area of the handpiece head part 4 which passes out of the latter in the direction of the tooth treatment tool 5 and accordingly extends in its entirety within the grip sleeve 2 and is connected at the rear end to a light source 14. In addition, a detachable connecting piece 10 is provided for the connection at the end member 29 of a supply tube for the supply media of the handpiece, the connecting piece 10 being arranged so as to be freely rotatable relative to the grip sleeve 2, wherein the connecting piece 10 is provided with media throughpass ducts 22, 23, 24 which open into it and pass through it and which are connectable with media lines of the grip sleeve 2 leading to the use positions of the handpiece.

Abstract: A clutch mechanism for a camera having a winding and rewinding mechanism is arranged to be connected by a film winding operation and to disconnect a film take-up spool from a transmission system in the event of a film rewinding operation. The clutch mechanism is of a face type clutch arrangement having a different number of driving teeth from that of teeth to be driven.