Abstract: The disclosure describes a circuit arrangement for driving an occupant protection system gas generator whose ignition process can be influenced by a magnetic field; this is based on a switching control principle, with the load coil generating the magnetic field being itself used as a component part of the switching control. For a fast reduction of the magnetic field and thus for accelerating the ignition process, a resistor may by connected into the free-wheeling branch, which is bridged in normal operation. Alternatively, it is possible to effect a return feed of the energy stored in the coil into the self-sufficiency capacitor.

Abstract: A passenger protection system is triggered directly at least when a second stage is reached among at least two different stages of an accident hazard an/or accident force, determined in accordance with sensor signals. Already when a first accident hazard and/or accident force stage is reached, at least an indirect trigger command is sent to individual passenger protection systems, a specified time interval is started, and, in the event of the second accident hazard and/or accident force stage not being reached within the specified time interval, a cancel command is sent to cancel the indirect trigger command. On receipt of such an indirect trigger command the passenger protection systems also start a relevant time interval, and in the event of the cancel command not being received on expiry of the relevant time interval, they automatically activate the triggering of the passenger protection systems.

Abstract: In an electromagnetically actuatable device, an electromagnet is driven with a controlled current progression so that the armature of the electromagnet can be actuated at the lowest possible current level while still achieving the most rapid overall increase of the actuating current from zero to maximum amperage. A first portion or range of the current increase is carried out with a steep or jump-like current increasing characteristic. A second portion or range of the current increase is carried out with a more gradual variation of the current. The current levels at the end points of the respective ranges are selected to ensure that the electromagnet is actuated during the second range in which the current varies more gradually. Preferably, two steep or jump-like current increase ranges are respectively provided before and after the second range having the gradual current increase.

Abstract: A shoe sole structure includes an outsole that extends from a heel region to a forefoot region of a shoe, and a midsole that is disposed above the outsole and extends from the heel region to a midfoot region of the shoe. A heel portion of the outsole includes a corrugated portion. A heel portion of the midsole includes a corrugated portion, which corresponds in phase to the corrugated portion of the outsole. Cleats are provided at a bottom surface of the outsole. The corrugated portion on the outsole provides running stability. The sole structure having only two layers with the outsole and the midsole decreases the weight of the shoe, simplifies a manufacturing process, and reduces a manufacturing cost.

Abstract: A wafer holder is configured of a pair of ceramic base members and conductive layers each posed between the ceramic base members. The conductive layer has a body facing a wafer and an extension protruding from the body to the outside of a vacuum chamber for external electrical connection, wherein the body and the extension are arranged in a single plane. Thus there can be obtained a wafer holder for use with a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus that can reduce such distortion as caused when it is heated and cooled and that can also be readily manufactured.

Abstract: The wedge base bulb includes a bulb body having a colored glass bulb and a press-sealed portion. Further, a tubular insulation collar is mounted to cover press-sealed portion. Bulb body is formed in a process in that a molding section of a glass tube including a color-developing compound or a color-developing element is heat-melted under a reducing atmosphere in a predetermined temperature region, placed in a mold and expanded in the mold, and also develops color with colloid generated by the heat-melting. As a result, a wedge base bulb developed a color and chromaticity satisfying a predetermined standard can be provided at a lower cost.

Abstract: In a door closing procedure, an aircraft passenger door is pivoted from an open position to a pivoted-in position, shifted to a closed position, locked into a locked condition, and then secured into a secured locked condition. A control method and arrangement for controlling the closing procedure includes sensors that respectively each sense the completion of a respective allocated one of the steps of the closing procedure, and then responsively initiate the next following step of the procedure. The closing procedure is carried out in an automatic sequential step-wise manner using a simple robust arrangement, without requiring a computer control.

Abstract: A ceramic substrate for a ceramic heater includes aluminum nitride, silicon nitride or silicon carbide as the main component for increasing mechanical strength and improving thermal shock resistance, and a proper additive for controlling thermal conductivity. A temperature gradient from a heating element to a power feeding electrode is reduced by providing a dimensional ratio of the substrate effective for preventing oxidation of a power feeding contact that contacts the electrode of the heating element formed on the surface of the ceramic substrate. The dimensional ratio A/B≧20 is satisfied, wherein A represents the distance from the contact between a circuit of the heating element and the electrode to an end of the ceramic substrate closer to the electrode, and B represents the thickness of the ceramic substrate. The thermal conductivity of the ceramic substrate is adjusted to 30 to 80 W/m·K.

Abstract: An aircraft passenger cabin includes modular interior components selected from ceiling panels, wall panels, dado panels, window funnels, light covers, and baggage compartments or hat racks. At least one interior component is a standardized modular building block that can be used uniformly and interchangeably in different cabin configurations and sizes, in different aircraft types having different fuselage cross-sectional sizes and configurations. The interior components are modularly combined so as to be adapted to different passenger cabins in the various aircraft types. The multiplicity of distinct interior components among all aircraft types in the entire product range of an aircraft manufacturer is reduced, so that the piece count of each particular type of component is increased, and the manufacturing, installation, maintenance, replacement and inventorying costs are reduced. The time and cost for a new cabin design are reduced.

Abstract: An electric motor for driving a component, such as a vehicle window lifter or a machine tool, functions as a generator, when the motor drive voltage is switched off and the motor is short circuited. The motor keeps running due to inertia or other influences. During this period after switch-off a generator voltage and respective generator current are produced. The generator current is measured for various purposes, preferably in combination with a measured r.p.m. signal. The generator current signal alone, or in combination with the r.p.m. signal, is evaluated to provide information regarding the motion of the driven component including information regarding the motion direction and position of the component.

Abstract: An air mass or volume flow in an aircraft is controlled in a closed loop control system. A controllable air distribution network is formed by pipes, ducts, valves, fans, a fresh air supply and climate packs. The generation of a closed loop control signal is based on a continuous recalculation or updating of rated performance characteristic data with regard to current pressure, temperature and altitude data. The updated data are compared with actually measured current data to produce the control signal. The rated performance characteristic data are stored in a memory connected to a corrected (32) which also receives the current data. The sensing ascertains one or more temperature, pressure, altitude and flow volume data to Provide current actually measured data which are then compared with the updated data for generating the closed loop control signal for at least certain of the valves, fans, and fresh air supply.

Abstract: The present invention aims to prevent forcing of pins when a female connector is obliquely inserted into a shunt. A shunt fits into a cylindrical socket concavely formed in an external face of a housing of an airbag inflator and short-circuits of a pair of contact pins of a squib of the inflator. These pins rise at the center of the socket from the bottom to a point near to the opening. The shunt includes an annular wall having a fitting hole into which the pins enter from the bottom side of the center thereof and into which a female connector fits from the top side, and a short-circuit piece provided on the annular wall, which will contact both of the pins when the shunt is fitted into the socket, and will be pushed to move away from the pins when the female connector is fitted into the fitting hole.

Abstract: A regeneratively coolable nozzle for a rocket engine is formed by winding a tubular material (6) onto a winding mandrel to produce a helical composite structure (5), through which a coolant can flow during operation of the nozzle. The spiral composite structure (5) is fixed temporarily and the fixed composite structure (5) is removed from the winding mandrel. Then an inner heat resistant, load bearing layer (9) is applied to the radially inner hot-gas facing surface (H) of the fixed composite structure (5). The present nozzle is lightweight and withstands a high coolant pressure.

Abstract: The pipe-laying vehicle 1 includes a lower vehicle body 2, a driver's cab, and a jib 10 which is supported on the lower vehicle body 2, can be raised and lowered about a horizontal axis 11, and can be swivelled about a vertical pivot axis by a live ring. On the outer end of the jib 10, a sheave head 31 is provided with a deflection pulley 26 and a sheave 28, and can be swivelled as a whole relative to the jib 10 about an adjustment axis 32 that extends in the longitudinal direction of the jib 10. A mechanically or hydraulically actuated locking device selectively locks the pivot position of the sheave head 31 relative to the jib 10. As a result of the swivel capability of the jib 10 and of the sheave head 31, the pipe laying work can be performed more simply and quickly.

Abstract: An elastically expandable hollow displacement element is secured to the rear surface of an aircraft wing slat. When the displacement element is contracted, the slat may be retracted onto the wing's leading edge. When the slat is extended, the displacement element is expanded to protrude convexly from the slat, thereby preventing vortex formation in the slat air gap and reducing aero-acoustic noise. A pressure control system for inflating and deflating the displacement element includes a bleed air line connected from the aircraft engine bleed air system to the displacement element, a shut-off valve and a pressure control valve interposed in series in the bleed air line, and a slat contour controller connected by respective signal lines to the valves, which control the quantity and the pressure of the bleed air supplied into the displacement element, for properly inflating the same.

Abstract: A method for treating a carbon film comprising, in sequence, depositing a carbon film onto a substrate by a plasma CVD technique and exposing the carbon film at its surface to a gas plasma produced utilizing at least one type of gas selected from an Ar gas, N2 gas, H2 gas and F-containing gas so that the carbon film surface is modified.

Abstract: A multilayer contact electrode for connecting a bonding wire to a p-type surface of a III/V-compound semiconductor is formed by a first metallizing step followed by a tempering step. Then, a second metallized layer of the same metal as the first metal layer is formed on the first layer but tempering of the second layer is avoided. A reliable bonding of a bonding wire to the non-tempered contact electrode is assured. The contact electrode includes a first inner metallized layer that is tempered and covered by a second nontempered metallized layer of the same metal as the first layer.

Abstract: In a method for the production of mailing bags, including envelopes, from material in web form, the material is processed in numerous ways and at least two separately prepared parts are transported to a joining station and there joined to one another with an adhesive. The two parts, at least one of which is already provided with the necessary adhesive, are placed one upon the other during an arcuate movement and joined to one another, in order to increase the speed of production. Particularly, at least one of the two parts (6, 7) and/or its carrier, performs an undulating movement in the region of the joining station (5).

Abstract: A female terminal includes: a tubular body; a leaf spring inside the body having a first bent part bent upward and rearward from the front end of the bottom wall of the body, an intermediate part extending rearward from the first bent part, a second bent part bent downward and forward from the rear end of the intermediate part, and a top end part extending forward from the second bent part and spaced away from the intermediate part; a first fitting means for fitting the front end of the top end part onto the side walls; a second fitting means, which allows the intermediate part to be displaced downward to contact the top end part of the leaf spring, and a part ahead thereof to be displaced downward until the intermediate part fits onto the side walls at the bottom dead point; and a flexible-piece-receiving hole in the bottom wall ahead of a part at which the leaf spring will contact the bottom wall.