Abstract: A high quality lubricant for heavy duty service air conditioner and refrigerator compressors, especially those using chlorine free hydrofluorocarbon refrigerant working fluids, is provided by mixed esters of hindered polyols, most desirably di-pentaerythritol, usually mixed with some pentaerythritol, with a mixture of carboxylic acids including at least some of each of iso-pentanoic acid and iso-nonanoic acid.

Abstract: A process for bleaching and scouring unfinished textile materials by adding to an aqueous alkaline peroxide bath an effective amount of a surfactant composition containing(a) from about 94.0 to about 6.0% by weight of an alkyl polyglycoside having the general formula IRO(Z).sub.a (I)wherein R is a monovalent organic radical having from about 8 to about 16 carbon atoms; Z is a saccharide residue having 5 or 6 carbon atoms; and a is a number having a value from about 1 to about 6,(b) from about 6 to about 94% by weight of a blend of alkoxylated branched C.sub.8 -C.sub.15 alcohols, and(c) the remainder water, all weights being based on the weight of the composition;and then contacting the textile materials with the bath.

Abstract: A process is provided for deodorizing an aqueous culture broth composition by: (a) providing an aqueous culture broth composition containing odorous compounds in spray form; (b) providing a stream of superheated steam; (c) providing a spray zone in vacuo; (d) simultaneously introducing both the aqueous composition of (a) and the superheated steam into the spray zone causing the odorous compounds to be entrained in the superheated steam, thus forming a deodorized aqueous culture broth composition; (e) removing the superheated steam containing the entrained odorous compounds from the spray zone; and (f) discharging the deodorized aqueous culture broth composition from the spray zone. Preferably, the culture broth composition is maintained at a temperature of less than 50.degree. C. in the spray zone to prevent inactivation of temperature-sensitive materials such as enzymes. Pressure in the spray zone may be about 10 to 250 mbar and temperature of the superheated steam can be up to 250.degree. C.

Abstract: Carboxylic acids and glycerine are made by a continuous splitting process which involves the formation of a presplitting mixture by separately adding the glyceride, an effective lipase in an amount sufficient to produce partial splitting of the glyceride, and water. The water used in the formation of the presplitting mixture is water that has been separated from the glycerin-water effluent stream from the pressure splitter and recycled. The next step involves the pressure splitting which entails mixing the partially split glyceride from the presplitter with water and heating under conditions of temperature and pressure effective to substantially complete the splitting of the glyceride into component fatty acids and a glycerin-water stream. The water is then separated from the glycerine-water stream and the water is recycled to the presplitter.

Abstract: The waste gas accumulating in the drying of products containing volatile ingredients is cooled, the condensate obtained is subjected to crossflow membrane filtration and part of the cleaned waste gas is returned to the drying process. The concentrate obtained is put to a material, thermal or other use. The both effective and economic process is suitable for eliminating the aerosols, particularly the organic aerosols, present in the waste gas.

Abstract: A process for making glycosides having enhance color properties comprising the steps of: (a) reacting a reducing saccharide with excess fatty alcohol to obtain a glycoside reaction mixture; (b) adding an effective amount of an unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acid, including hydroxy-substituted derivatives thereof and their salt, to the glycoside reaction mixture; and (c) evaporating excess fatty alcohol from the glycoside reaction mixture to form a glycoside mixture.

Abstract: An oil-in-water emulsion comprising(A) from about 50 to about 99% by weight of water;(B) from about 1 to about 30% by weight of an oil phase; and(C) an emulsifying effective quantity of an emulsifier system consisting essentially of(i) at least one nonionic emulsifier of formula (I):Z.sub.x R.sup.1 (R.sup.2 --CO).sub.y G.sub.z (I)in which Z is a sugar unit selected from the group consisting of pentoses and hexoses, x is a number of 1 to 5, R.sup.1 is a saturated alkyl radical containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is a linear or branched alkyl radical or mono- or polyunsaturated alkenyl radical containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms, y is the number 1 or 2, G is a polyglycerol residue consisting of 2 to 10 glycerol units and z is the number 1 or 2, and(ii) at least one ionic emulsifier selected from the group consisting of cationic and anionic emulsifiers.

Abstract: Defoamers are the products of the reaction of epichlorohydrin and compounds having the formula IIR.sub.3 (EO).sub.n (PO).sub.m OH (II)wherein R.sub.3 is an alkyl, alkenyl or arenyl group having from 4 to 22 carbon atoms; a substituted alkyl or alkenyl group having from 4 to 22 carbon atoms wherein; n is a number from 0 to 50 and m is a number from 0 to 10; wherein the mole ratio of epichlorohydrin to (II) is from about 0.60/1 to about 2/1 are extremely efficient defoamers for aqueous surfactant systems. The defoamers are added to a surfactant in an amount sufficient to reduce or eliminate foam and have the advantage of being totally dispersible in water, are readily biodegradable, contain no organic solvents and do not affect the detergency of surfactants with which they are used because they are nonionic surfactants in themselves.

Abstract: Hot melt adhesives having an "open time" of 10 minutes or longer, preferably more than 1 hour and, more preferably, more than 2 hours for a contact pressure of 5 kg/cm.sup.2 and atmospheric conditions of 25.degree. C./26% relative air humidity are provided. Immediately after the parts to be joined have been pressed together at 18.degree. to 23.degree. C., strengths (initial strengths) of 1 MPa and more and preferably more than 1.5 MPa are obtained. The hot melt adhesive is comprised of 1) a polyester, polyamide, polyethylene/vinyl acetate, or NCO-terminated polyurethane prepolymer which does not crystallize during the open time and 2) a tackifier and/or a plasticizer.

Abstract: A plastic bottle, made of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), or poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), blown with a very thin overall wall thickness within the range 0.1 to 0.3 mm, includes a triangular or polygonal cross-section, the bottle being preferably surrounded by a supporting jacket. The bottle can be blown with a uniform wall thickness and adequate strength without the need for reinforcing ribs via walls formed by pressing them against the surface of a blow mold which has been worked at least in some areas by etching, form-cutting or eroding, having features with heights of 0.05 to 0.15 mm.

Abstract: The process of reducing the count of a virus by contacting the virus with(1) the reaction product ofa) N-substituted propylenediamines corresponding to formula I:R.sup.1 --NH--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --NH.sub.2 (I)In which R.sup.1 is a linear alkyl radical containing 12 to 14 carbon atoms, withb) compounds corresponding to formula II: ##STR1## in which R.sup.2 is an alkyl radical containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom, the molar ratio of a) to b) is 1:1 to 1:2 and the reaction is carried out over a period of 0.5 to 10 hours at 60.degree. C. to 175.degree. C. with elimination of alcohol or water, and optionally,(2) wherein the reaction product is further reacted with ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, and optionally,(3) salt formation of the products obtained in (1) or (2) with inorganic or organic acids.

Abstract: An aqueous liquid composition containing dihydrogen phosphate salt, surfactant(s), and a dual coordinate bonding agent for iron cleans soiled metal surfaces without damaging any plastic parts that come into contact with the composition, supporting the growth of bacteria that cause unpleasant odors, or obscuring the transparency of any transparent window that it contacts. The composition is particularly useful for cleaning unpainted aluminum sided rail transport cars that have polycarbonate housings insulating electrical contact points that provide motive electric power to the cars; many conventional aqueous alkaline and acid cleaners promote stress cracking of polycarbonate plastics.

Abstract: Heterogenous surfactant granules consisting of an inner core containinga) alkyl sulfates corresponding to formula (I):R.sup.1 O--SO.sub.3 X (I)in which R.sup.1 is an alkyl radical containing 16 to 18 carbon atoms and X is an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, ammonium, alkylammonium, alkanolammonium or glucammonium, andb1) alkyl sulfates corresponding to formula (II):R.sup.2 O--SO.sub.3 X (II)in which R.sup.2 is an alkyl radical containing 12 to 14 carbon atoms and X is as defined above, orb2) alkyl ether sulfates corresponding to formula (III):R.sup.3 O(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.n SO.sub.3 X (III)in which R.sup.3 is an alkyl radical containing 16 to 18 carbon atoms, n is a number of 1 to 3 and X is as defined above,and a coating over the inner core consisting of alkyl sulfates corresponding to formula (II), with the provisos that the ratio by weight of component a) to component b) in the inner core is 100:0 to 30:70, and the ratio by weight of the inner core to the coating is 99.5:0.5 to 90:10.

Abstract: A process for producing polycarboxylic acids or their salts from polysaccharides is provided. Solid particulate polysaccharides having at least one primary alcohol group in the polysaccharides are oxidized with nitrogen dioxide in a fluid bed. The fluidizing gas contains nitrogen dioxide and the process is operated at a pressure of from 0.5 to 12 bars and a temperature between the boiling point of nitrogen dioxide and 160.degree. C. At least two moles of nitrogen dioxide for the equivalent of the primary alcohol groups reacted over the entire reaction are provided.

Abstract: From not more than three blending stocks, it is possible to prepare a wide variety of mixtures of esters of hindered polyhydric alcohols that are especially valuable lubricants for chlorine-free fluorocarbon refrigerant heat transfer fluids, particularly Refrigerant 134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane).

Abstract: The invention relates to a solid material (primary drying product) containing alkali metal silicate with a modulus (molar ratio of SiO.sub.2 to M.sub.2 O, M=alkali metal) of 0.8 to 4 in homogeneous admixture with other inorganic and/or organic useful materials and/or auxiliaries, which has been dried from a finely sprayed aqueous preparation of mixtures of the alkali metal silicates and the inorganic and/or organic useful materials and/or auxiliaries by means of a hot gas stream. The solid material according to the invention is characterized in that, as a primary drying product in homogeneous admixture with the alkali metal silicate, it contains at least 10% by weight of water-soluble inorganic and/or organic salts, has apparent densities of at least 150 g/l, possesses a microporous absorbent internal structure and has been dried with superheated steam as the hot gas stream.

Abstract: A surface active mixture comprising: (A) from about 1 to about 50% by weight of an anionic surfactant having one or two lipophilic groups and having from 1 to 22 carbon atoms and a polar group selected from the group consisting of carboxylate, sulfate and sulfonate groups; (B) from about 0.5 to about 15% by weight of an alkyl glycoside of the formula R(G).sub.x, wherein R is a linear saturated alkyl radical having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms and (G).sub.x is a glycoside or oligoglycoside unit with a degree of oligomerization x of 1 to 10; (C) from about 0.1 to about 7% by weight of a nitrogen-containing copolymer having a molecular weight of from about 15,000 to about 1,500,000 wherein said copolymer is comprised of: (i) from about 99.5 to about 45 mole-% of units derived from vinyl pyrrolidone, (ii) from at 0.5 to about 50 mole-% of units derived from a monomer corresponding to formula (I):CH.sub.2 .dbd.CHR.sup.1 --COOR.sup.2 --NR.sup.3 R.sup.4 (I)R.sup.1 is hydrogen or methyl, R.sup.2 is a C.sub.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a method for preparing 8-alpha,12-oxido-13,14,15,16, -tetranorlabdane by cyclizing a mixture of hydroxy-olefins (I)-(III. See the specification for their formulae. The cyclization is carried out in the presence of 10 to 100 wt. % acid, relative to the mixture of compounds (I) to (III).

Abstract: An aqueous liquid composition containing acid fluoride ions (i.e., HF.sub.2.sup.-) not derived from hydrogen fluoride, together with an acid stronger than acid fluoride ions, and, preferably, surfactant, is very effective in brightening unpainted metal surfaces such as those of stainless steel and aluminum without reducing the transparency of any glass objects such as windows with which the composition may come into contact. Otherwise similar compositions containing aqueous hydrofluoric acid usually etch glass in such a way as to reduce its transparency. The invention is particularly useful for brightening soiled or otherwise darkened surfaces of rail passenger cars.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved method for coating a zinc surface comprising treating said surface with an aqueous, acidic solution containing:(a) about 0.5 to about 4 percent phosphate ion;(b) an ion selected from the group consisting of zinc ions, manganese ions, and mixtures thereof, said ions being present at a level sufficient to form dihydrogen phosphate with substantially all of said phosphate ions; and(c) about 0.01 to about 1 percent complex fluoride ions; wherein the weight:weight ratio of complex fluoride ions:chloride ions in said solution is at a value of about 8:1 or greater.It is preferred that the ratio complex of fluoride ion to chloride ion (F.sup.- :Cl.sup.-) in said solution to be maintained at a value of greater than about 8:1, preferably greater than about 10:1, and more preferably greater than about 14:1.