Abstract: A method of placing a metal oxide film on a surface of a heated glass substrate (16) is disclosed. The glass substrate is one which is being moved in a selected direction from a glass manufacturing process (20) and is one which would have a temperature in a range from 700.degree.-1200.degree. F. (370.degree.-650.degree. C.). The method is accomplished by spraying a heat decomposable, organic based metal salt onto the glass ribbon. The spray powder is delivered by means of a gaseous stream to a location spaced above the moving substrate. The spray powder is then accelerated from the location spaced above the moving glass substrate. The acceleration is accomplished by entraining the spray powder in a high velocity stream of air. The accelerated spray powder is directed downwardly toward the moving glass substrate and longitudinally along the selected direction of movement of the glass substrate.

Abstract: A chemically regenerable redox fuel cell is disclosed. This fuel cell is one in which the oxidant is oxygen and the fuel is hydrogen. A catholyte solution is used. The catholyte solution is one which is reoxidized from a reduced state to an oxidized state by direct exposure of the catholyte solution to oxygen. An anolyte solution is also used. This anolyte solution is one which is reduced from an oxidized state to a reduced state by direct exposure of the catholyte solution to hydrogen. Structure is provided for containing in separate containers the catholyte solution and the anolyte solution, and for providing oxygen to the catholyte solution and hydrogen to the anolyte solution. A suitable cationic exchange membrane is housed in a housing and provided with volumes on opposite sides of the membrane for the catholyte solution and anolyte solution so that the necessary exchanges may take place to form the redox cell.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for developing a coating film on a surface of a sheet of glass. Generally the sheet of glass is heated to a temperature in the range of 510.degree.-625.degree. C. The process is characterized by the step of engaging the surface of the heated glass sheet with a powder spray composition. The powder spray composition comprises a plurality of hollow, generally spherical particles. Each of the particles is formed from heat decomposable, organo-metallic salts of at least two metals. Preferred teachings indicate that the organo-metallic salts are salts of cobalt, iron and chromium.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for measuring the air to fuel ratio of an air/fuel mixture being supplied to a combustion process. This method has the following steps. An oxygen sensor station is established at which the sensor senses the difference in oxygen partial pressure from a first reference side thereof to a second oxygen measurement side thereof. The oxygen sensor is maintained at a predetermined temperature and at a pressure below atmospheric pressure. The oxygen sensor is calibrated so that the measurement thereby of an EMF between the first reference side thereof and the second oxygen measurement side thereof is indicative of the oxygen partial pressure in a gas stream passing by the oxygen measurement side thereof. A sample gas stream is drawn into the pressure across the second oxygen measurement side of the oxygen sensor. This pressure is one which allows samples to be drawn at a constant flow rate independent of that pressure. A fixed amount of oxygen is added to the sample gas stream.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of using an exhaust gas catalyst for treatment of exhaust gases developed by burning a hydrocarbon based fuel in an internal combustion engine. These exhaust gases contain varying amounts of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen depending upon the operating conditions of the internal combustion engine. This specification teaches use of an improved catalyst composition in which a support medium is provided for supporting the catalyst system, the support medium having an upstream support portion and a downstream support portion over which the exhaust gases pass in succession. The upstream support portion of the support medium has palladium deposited thereon and the downstream support portion of the support medium has tungsten deposited thereon. The catalyst system has particular utility as a three-way catalyst operating at approximately stoichiometric conditions or as a catalyst for use in conjunction with the fast burn engines or as an oxidation catalyst.

Abstract: A thermally stable, oxidation resistant ceramic Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 material is disclosed. The material has a substantially pure primary phase formed of substantially pure silicon nitride. A substantially pure secondary phase of the material is formed of a material selected from the group consisting essentially of Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 /SiO.sub.2 /4Y.sub.2 O.sub.3, Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 /SiO.sub.2 /2Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 and Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 /4SiO.sub.2 /5Y.sub.2 O.sub.3. The primary phase may be in the form of individual grains and the secondary phase may be in the form of grain boundaries between the individual grains.

Abstract: An electrically heated backlite is formed on a glass sheet An opaque, electrically nonconductive coating is bonded to at least two portions of the glass sheet which are spaced apart from one another. Each portion of the nonconductive coating has at least one open area therein. An electrical resistance heater line having spaced terminal ends extends from one portion of the nonconductive coating to the other portion of the nonconductive coating. Each one of the terminal ends of the heater line is overlying and bonded to at least a part of one of the portions of the electrically nonconductive coating and also overlying and bonded to all of the surface of the glass sheet exposed in the open area formed in the portions of the nonconductive coating. An electrical conductor is bonded to the terminal end of the heater line at a location where the terminal end overlies the surface of the glass sheet exposed in the open area of the nonconductive coating in order to increase the bond strength.

Abstract: A method is disclosed in this specification for forming a densified silicon nitride article. The method is initiated by forming a reaction bonded article of moderate density. This moderate density reaction bonded article has a primary phase of substantially pure grains of silicon nitride surrounded by a secondary grain boundary phase. The secondary grain boundary phase contains silicon nitride, silicon dioxide and a densification aid incorporated in the reaction bonded article of moderate density. The compounds forming the secondary grain boundary phase are present either in their pure forms or interacted with one another. The reaction bonded article is packed in a packing powder which contains portions of the pure compounds found in or interacted with one another to define the secondary grain boundary phase.

Abstract: A method of initially assembling and then subsequently hermetically sealing a container portion of an alkali metal battery to a ceramic portion of such a battery is disclosed. Sealing surfaces are formed respectively on a container portion and a ceramic portion of an alkali metal battery. These sealing surfaces are brought into juxtaposition and a material is interposed therebetween. This interposed material is one which will diffuse into sealing relationship with both the container portion and the ceramic portion of the alkali metal battery at operational temperatures of such a battery. A pressure is applied between these sealing surfaces to cause the interposed material to be brought into intimate physical contact with such juxtaposed surfaces. A temporary sealing material which will provide a seal against a flow of alkali metal battery reactants therethrough at room temperatures and is applied over the juxtaposed sealing surfaces and material interposed therebetween.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of using an exhaust gas catalyst for treatment of exhaust gases developed by burning a hydrocarbon based fuel in an internal combustion engine. These exhaust gases contain varying amounts of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen depending upon the operating conditions of the internal combustion engine. This specification teaches the use of an improved catalyst composition in which a support medium is provided for supporting the catalyst system, the support medium having an upstream support portion and a downstream support portion over which the exhaust gases pass in succession. The upstream support portion of the support medium has deposited thereon palladium and the downstream support portion of the support medium has deposited thereon palladium and tungsten. Tungsten is present on the downstream support portion of the support medium in a quantity such that tungsten is available to substantially all of the palladium on that portion of the support medium.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for obtaining a preferred multi-component metallic oxide coating on the surface of a glass substrate by pyrolytic coating techniques. In a pyrolytic coating technique, a heat decomposable, non-homogeneous, dry powder mixture of organic based metallic salts is sprayed against the surface of the glass substrate while the surface is at a temperature in the range from 700.degree. F. (370.degree. C.) to 1200.degree. F. (650.degree. C.). In accordance with the general teachings of this specification, the methods are initiated by selecting a preferred composition for the metallic oxide coating to be developed on the surface of the substrate. Different spraying compositions under a single set of spraying conditions or a single spray composition under different sets of spraying conditions are applied to test substrates to develop test specimens.

Abstract: This specification teaches a basic method of obtaining on a continuous basis an instantaneous indication of the air to fuel ratio of an air/fuel mixture being fed to a combustion process. The process may take place in an internal combustion engine or, for example, in a power plant. Modifications of the method are taught to obtain such information as the hydrogen to carbon ratio of the fuel being burned in the combustion process, the oxygen equivalence of the air/fuel mixture being burned, the air mass flow through the combustion process, the fuel mass flow through the combustion process, instantaneous fuel economy of a vehicle in which a combustion process is being carried out to propel the vehicle, and the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gases from the combustion process.

Abstract: A method of determining if an internal combustion engine has been operated on a leaded fuel. The method has the following general steps. A misfueling detector is formed from a material which is capable of interacting with lead when exhaust gases containing lead are passed thereover. The interacting lead alters at least one measurable characteristic of the misfueling detector. The misfueling detector is placed in an exhaust system and exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine are allowed to pass thereover. The misfueling detector is removed from the exhaust system and the measurable characteristic thereof is measured to determine whether or not the misfueling detector had absorbed lead therein while located in the exhaust system of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A method of densifying an article formed of reaction bonded silicon nitride is disclosed. The reaction bonded silicon nitride article is packed in a packing mixture consisting of silicon nitride powder and a densification aid. The reaction bonded silicon nitride article and packing powder are sujected to a positive, low pressure nitrogen gas treatment while being heated to a treatment temperature and for a treatment time to cause any open porosity originally found in the reaction bonded silicon nitride article to be substantially closed. Thereafter, the reaction bonded silicon nitride article and packing powder are subjected to a positive high pressure nitrogen gas treatment while being heated to a treatment temperature and for a treatment time to cause a sintering of the reaction bonded silicon nitride article whereby the strength of the reaction bonded silicon nitride article is increased.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to an improved method for achieving the best bond strength and for minimizing distortion and cracking of hot pressed articles. In particular, in a method for hot press forming both an outer facing circumferential surface of and an inner portion of a hub, and of bonding that so-formed outer facing circumferential surface to an inner facing circumferential surface of a pre-formed ring thereby to form an article, the following improvement is made.Normally, in this method, the outside ring is restrained by a restraining sleeve of ring-shaped cross-section having an inside diameter. A die member, used to hot press form the hub, is so-formed as to have an outside diameter sized to engage the inside diameter of the restraining sleeve in a manner permitting relative movement therebetween. The improved method is one in which several pairs of matched restraining sleeve and die member are formed with each matched pair having a predetermined diameter.

Abstract: A method of making a silicon nitride part is disclosed. In this method an article of silicon nitride is first made which has a density less than the theoretical density of silicon nitride. This article also contains a densification aid. The entire surface area of this article is coated with a thin silicon nitride skin which is gas impervious. The so coated article is heated to a temperature for a time sufficient so that some of the densification aid may diffuse into the silicon nitride skin. The so treated article is then subjected to a pressure sufficiently high, for a time sufficiently long and at a temperature which permits the silicon nitride article and skin thereon to be compacted to increase the density of the article to a density greater than it originally had and to form the silicon nitride skin about the article so that the skin becomes an integral of the finished part.

Abstract: An improved oxygen sensor of the type adapted for installation in the exhaust conduit of an internal combustion engine. The improved sensor uses a metal oxide element to sense the partial pressure of oxygen in the exhaust gases to which the sensor is exposed. The sensor has a steel body and a ceramic member which extends into the exhaust gases to permit the exhaust gases to produce variations in an electrical characteristic of one of the sensor components. The improved sensor has a perforated protection tube that has a radially extending flange. The flange is located between the steel body and the ceramic member, which forms a seal preventing exhaust gases from inside the engine's exhaust conduit from leaking beyond the sensor to the atmosphere.

Abstract: A method of oxidizing that portion of a methanol fuel which has not been burned in an internal combustion engine is disclosed. Briefly, the method includes the following steps. A methanol fuel is burned in an internal combustion engine thereby to produce exhaust gases which contain unburned methanol. The exhaust gases containing the unburned methanol are passed over a catalyst consisting essentially of silver dispersed on a washcoat material. The washcoat material is in turn dispersed on a substrate. In this manner, the unburned methanol is oxidized to carbon dioxide and water without any significant production of aldehydes, ethers or carbon monoxide.

Abstract: A method for developing a pattern of electrically conductive material on a ceramic substrate is disclosed. The method includes the steps of depositing on the ceramic substrate in a desired pattern a thin layer of a heat fusible material which contains a granular current conducting base metal. An encasing layer is deposited over the pattern formed of the heat fusible material. The encasing layer is formed from an oxygen barrier material containing an oxygen getting material. This encasing layer is non-heat fusible and nonreactive with the heat fusible material. All of this structure is heated in an oxygen containing ambient to a temperature sufficient to permit the heat fusible material to fuse to the ceramic substrate.

Abstract: A new article of manufacture is disclosed. This article includes a glass substrate having at least first and second surfaces. A coating is placed on at least a portion of one surface of the glass substrate. The coating has a thickness in a range from about 70 angstroms to about 120 angstroms. The coating consists, on a mixed metal oxide weight basis, of about 60 to 70% cobalt, 12 to 18% chromium, and 16 to 24% iron. A protective layer is placed over the coating.