Abstract: This specification discloses a method of forming a decorative surface on a body of glass. The steps involved in the method are initiated by a step of forming a metallic oxide film on the surface of the body of glass to be decorated. At least the portion of the body of glass having the metallic oxide film thereon is immersed in an etchant acid bath. Thereafter the body of glass is removed from the etchant acid bath when the etchant acid bath has reacted with the metallic oxide film to create a decorative surface on the body of glass. The decorative surface includes a plurality of elongated lines generally intersecting with one another. In normal cases the metallic oxide film is a multicomponent metallic oxide film.

Abstract: A partial pressure of oxygen sensor which finds utility when inserted into an exhaust system of a hydrocarbon fuel burning device. The oxygen sensor includes a mounting body both (a) threaded on one end for securement to the exhaust system, and (b) having a cylindrical configured bore extending along a central axis thereof. A heated sensing element of cylindrical configuration is also provided which includes a ceramic support, a resistance heater element wrapped around the ceramic support, and a titania dioxide sensor element closely located to the resistance heater element. The heated sensing element is mounted in the cylindrical configured bore of the mounting body in a manner that the titania dioxide sensor thereof projects beyond a threaded end of the mounting body. A protection device is provided over the titania dioxide sensor to protect the same and to permit exhaust gases to flow thereby.

Abstract: A partial pressure of oxygen sensor which finds utility when inserted into an exhaust system of a hydrocarbon fuel burning device. The oxygen sensor includes a mounting body threaded on one end for securement to the exhaust system and having a conical configured bore extending along a central axis thereof and having its smaller end at the threaded end of the mounting body. An elongated heated sensing element is also provided which includes a ceramic support, a resistance heater element, and a titania dioxide sensor element bonded to a leading portion of the ceramic support. A plurality of electrically conductive paths are provided on the ceramic support for the elements contained thereon. An insulator body having a conical configuration sandwiches the heated sensing element therewithin. The insulator body is mounted in the conical configured bore of the mounting body in a manner that the heated sensing element projects a fixed distance beyond the threaded end of the mounting body.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the manufacture of glass sheets, particularly electrically heated backlites (EHB's). The process includes the steps of selecting a glass sheet and then applying an opaque band to a surface of that sheet. The opaque band is formed from a radiation curable paste which includes both a filler material which can fuse to the glass sheet when heated to a fusion temperature and a radiation curable material which is heat decomposable into components which are nonreactive with the glass sheet when heated to a fusion temperature. The radiation curable material is cured thereby to form a temporary bond of the radiation curable paste to the surface of the glass sheet. As an optional step in order to form an EHB, a pattern of electrically conductive material is deposited on the surface of the glass sheet. This conductive material contains at least one component which is heat fusable with the surface of the glass sheet when heated to the fusion temperature.

Abstract: A chemically regenerable redox fuel cell is disclosed. This fuel cell is one in which the oxidant is oxygen and the fuel is hydrogen. A catholyte solution is used. The catholyte solution is one which is reoxidized from a reduced state to an oxidized state by direct exposure of the catholyte solution to oxygen. An anolyte solution is also used. This anolyte solution is one which is reduced from an oxidized state to a reduced state by direct exposure of the catholyte solution to hydrogen. Structure is provided for containing in separate containers the catholyte solution and the anolyte solution, and for providing oxygen to the catholyte solution and hydrogen to the anolyte solution. A suitable cationic exchange membrane is housed in a housing and provided with volumes on opposite sides of the membrane for the catholyte solution and anolyte solution so that the necessary exchanges may take place to form the redox cell.

Abstract: This specification teaches a method of assembling stackable components which is initiated by stacking a first stack forming member. This member has at least a pair of strap securing areas associated therewith on opposite sides thereof. A plurality of stack forming structures is stacked upon the first stack forming member and thereafter a last stack forming member is stacked upon the plurality of stack forming structures. The last stack forming member also has a pair of strap securing areas on opposite sides thereof. A pressure is applied to form the first and the last stack forming members and the stack forming structures stacked therebetween into an assembly. While the pressure is being applied, assembly holding straps are secured, as by stapling, on opposite sides of the assembly between the strap securing areas of the first and the last stack forming members.

Abstract: A method of placing a metal oxide film on a surface of a heated glass substrate (16) is disclosed. The glass substrate is one which is being moved in a selected direction from a glass manufacturing process (20) and is one which would have a temperature in a range from 700.degree.-1200.degree. F. (370.degree.-650.degree. C.). The method is accomplished by spraying a heat decomposable, organic based metal salt onto the glass ribbon. The spray powder is delivered by means of a gaseous stream to a location spaced above the moving substrate. The spray powder is then accelerated from the location spaced above the moving glass substrate. The acceleration is accomplished by entraining the spray powder in a high velocity stream of air. The accelerated spray powder is directed downwardly toward the moving glass substrate and longitudinally along the selected direction of movement of the glass substrate.

Abstract: A chemically regenerable redox fuel cell is disclosed. This fuel cell is one in which the oxidant is oxygen and the fuel is hydrogen. A catholyte solution is used. The catholyte solution is one which is reoxidized from a reduced state to an oxidized state by direct exposure of the catholyte solution to oxygen. An anolyte solution is also used. This anolyte solution is one which is reduced from an oxidized state to a reduced state by direct exposure of the catholyte solution to hydrogen. Structure is provided for containing in separate containers the catholyte solution and the anolyte solution, and for providing oxygen to the catholyte solution and hydrogen to the anolyte solution. A suitable cationic exchange membrane is housed in a housing and provided with volumes on opposite sides of the membrane for the catholyte solution and anolyte solution so that the necessary exchanges may take place to form the redox cell.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for developing a coating film on a surface of a sheet of glass. Generally the sheet of glass is heated to a temperature in the range of 510.degree.-625.degree. C. The process is characterized by the step of engaging the surface of the heated glass sheet with a powder spray composition. The powder spray composition comprises a plurality of hollow, generally spherical particles. Each of the particles is formed from heat decomposable, organo-metallic salts of at least two metals. Preferred teachings indicate that the organo-metallic salts are salts of cobalt, iron and chromium.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for measuring the air to fuel ratio of an air/fuel mixture being supplied to a combustion process. This method has the following steps. An oxygen sensor station is established at which the sensor senses the difference in oxygen partial pressure from a first reference side thereof to a second oxygen measurement side thereof. The oxygen sensor is maintained at a predetermined temperature and at a pressure below atmospheric pressure. The oxygen sensor is calibrated so that the measurement thereby of an EMF between the first reference side thereof and the second oxygen measurement side thereof is indicative of the oxygen partial pressure in a gas stream passing by the oxygen measurement side thereof. A sample gas stream is drawn into the pressure across the second oxygen measurement side of the oxygen sensor. This pressure is one which allows samples to be drawn at a constant flow rate independent of that pressure. A fixed amount of oxygen is added to the sample gas stream.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of using an exhaust gas catalyst for treatment of exhaust gases developed by burning a hydrocarbon based fuel in an internal combustion engine. These exhaust gases contain varying amounts of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen depending upon the operating conditions of the internal combustion engine. This specification teaches use of an improved catalyst composition in which a support medium is provided for supporting the catalyst system, the support medium having an upstream support portion and a downstream support portion over which the exhaust gases pass in succession. The upstream support portion of the support medium has palladium deposited thereon and the downstream support portion of the support medium has tungsten deposited thereon. The catalyst system has particular utility as a three-way catalyst operating at approximately stoichiometric conditions or as a catalyst for use in conjunction with the fast burn engines or as an oxidation catalyst.

Abstract: An electrically heated backlite is formed on a glass sheet An opaque, electrically nonconductive coating is bonded to at least two portions of the glass sheet which are spaced apart from one another. Each portion of the nonconductive coating has at least one open area therein. An electrical resistance heater line having spaced terminal ends extends from one portion of the nonconductive coating to the other portion of the nonconductive coating. Each one of the terminal ends of the heater line is overlying and bonded to at least a part of one of the portions of the electrically nonconductive coating and also overlying and bonded to all of the surface of the glass sheet exposed in the open area formed in the portions of the nonconductive coating. An electrical conductor is bonded to the terminal end of the heater line at a location where the terminal end overlies the surface of the glass sheet exposed in the open area of the nonconductive coating in order to increase the bond strength.

Abstract: A thermally stable, oxidation resistant ceramic Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 material is disclosed. The material has a substantially pure primary phase formed of substantially pure silicon nitride. A substantially pure secondary phase of the material is formed of a material selected from the group consisting essentially of Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 /SiO.sub.2 /4Y.sub.2 O.sub.3, Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 /SiO.sub.2 /2Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 and Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 /4SiO.sub.2 /5Y.sub.2 O.sub.3. The primary phase may be in the form of individual grains and the secondary phase may be in the form of grain boundaries between the individual grains.

Abstract: A method is disclosed in this specification for forming a densified silicon nitride article. The method is initiated by forming a reaction bonded article of moderate density. This moderate density reaction bonded article has a primary phase of substantially pure grains of silicon nitride surrounded by a secondary grain boundary phase. The secondary grain boundary phase contains silicon nitride, silicon dioxide and a densification aid incorporated in the reaction bonded article of moderate density. The compounds forming the secondary grain boundary phase are present either in their pure forms or interacted with one another. The reaction bonded article is packed in a packing powder which contains portions of the pure compounds found in or interacted with one another to define the secondary grain boundary phase.

Abstract: A method of initially assembling and then subsequently hermetically sealing a container portion of an alkali metal battery to a ceramic portion of such a battery is disclosed. Sealing surfaces are formed respectively on a container portion and a ceramic portion of an alkali metal battery. These sealing surfaces are brought into juxtaposition and a material is interposed therebetween. This interposed material is one which will diffuse into sealing relationship with both the container portion and the ceramic portion of the alkali metal battery at operational temperatures of such a battery. A pressure is applied between these sealing surfaces to cause the interposed material to be brought into intimate physical contact with such juxtaposed surfaces. A temporary sealing material which will provide a seal against a flow of alkali metal battery reactants therethrough at room temperatures and is applied over the juxtaposed sealing surfaces and material interposed therebetween.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for obtaining a preferred multi-component metallic oxide coating on the surface of a glass substrate by pyrolytic coating techniques. In a pyrolytic coating technique, a heat decomposable, non-homogeneous, dry powder mixture of organic based metallic salts is sprayed against the surface of the glass substrate while the surface is at a temperature in the range from 700.degree. F. (370.degree. C.) to 1200.degree. F. (650.degree. C.). In accordance with the general teachings of this specification, the methods are initiated by selecting a preferred composition for the metallic oxide coating to be developed on the surface of the substrate. Different spraying compositions under a single set of spraying conditions or a single spray composition under different sets of spraying conditions are applied to test substrates to develop test specimens.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of using an exhaust gas catalyst for treatment of exhaust gases developed by burning a hydrocarbon based fuel in an internal combustion engine. These exhaust gases contain varying amounts of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen depending upon the operating conditions of the internal combustion engine. This specification teaches the use of an improved catalyst composition in which a support medium is provided for supporting the catalyst system, the support medium having an upstream support portion and a downstream support portion over which the exhaust gases pass in succession. The upstream support portion of the support medium has deposited thereon palladium and the downstream support portion of the support medium has deposited thereon palladium and tungsten. Tungsten is present on the downstream support portion of the support medium in a quantity such that tungsten is available to substantially all of the palladium on that portion of the support medium.

Abstract: This specification teaches a basic method of obtaining on a continuous basis an instantaneous indication of the air to fuel ratio of an air/fuel mixture being fed to a combustion process. The process may take place in an internal combustion engine or, for example, in a power plant. Modifications of the method are taught to obtain such information as the hydrogen to carbon ratio of the fuel being burned in the combustion process, the oxygen equivalence of the air/fuel mixture being burned, the air mass flow through the combustion process, the fuel mass flow through the combustion process, instantaneous fuel economy of a vehicle in which a combustion process is being carried out to propel the vehicle, and the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gases from the combustion process.

Abstract: A method of determining if an internal combustion engine has been operated on a leaded fuel. The method has the following general steps. A misfueling detector is formed from a material which is capable of interacting with lead when exhaust gases containing lead are passed thereover. The interacting lead alters at least one measurable characteristic of the misfueling detector. The misfueling detector is placed in an exhaust system and exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine are allowed to pass thereover. The misfueling detector is removed from the exhaust system and the measurable characteristic thereof is measured to determine whether or not the misfueling detector had absorbed lead therein while located in the exhaust system of the internal combustion engine.