Abstract: A novel method and apparatus for eliminating shoot-through events during master-slave flip-flop scan operations to allow minimal test time of electronic circuit components is presented. Shoot-through scan problems introduced by loading mismatches on the TAP master and slave clock signal lines are solved by scanning an appropriate value into a programmable register, which increases the delay from master clock signal TCKM off to slave clock signal TCKS on and from slave clock signal TCKS off to master clock signal TCKM on.

Abstract: A device for analyzing simultaneously multiple analytes in a fluid of unknown composition. The device includes a plurality of sensors, a light source for providing light to shine on the sensors, light detectors, and a processor. The sensors are exposed to a sample of the fluid of unknown composition. The plurality of sensors includes groups of sensors, each group targeting a specific analyte and including one or more sensors that contain an analyte-specific chemical that interacts more specifically with one analyte than with some other analytes to be analyzed. Each sensor in each group has a different chemical interacting with the analyte to target it. The light source shines light on the sensors of the plurality of sensors to cause light interaction with the sensors. The differences in the sensors lead to differences in the light interaction. The light detectors detects the light interaction by the sensors.

Abstract: A device for sampling and analyzing a physiological fluid from the skin of a patient by puncture. The device includes a body and sensors. The body has a needle with a point for puncturing a physiological tissue and a channel in the body for conducting the physiological fluid away from the point. The sensors are located in the body and are accessible to the physiological fluid conducting along the channel for physiological fluid analysis. The device can be used to lance the skin and obtain a representative sample of the physiological fluid, with relatively simple procedures and quick analysis to minimize the exposure of the physiological fluid sample to air.

Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) isolation test device providing versatility and flexibility, along with RF shielding and a low resonance test environment, in the testing of various types of devices. The RF isolation test device includes a “box within a box” configuration. An inner box provides for shielding of a device under test and for reducing interference from reflections from RF energy from the device to provide a low resonance test environment. An outer box provides for primary shielding of the device under test from external RF energy.

Abstract: A method for synchronizing a time of day clock of a clock system is disclosed. A portable satellite timing system receives a satellite signal when at a first location and generates a time of day signal. The portable satellite timing system is then transported to a second location, where the satellite signal cannot be reliably received, and coupled to the clock system. The portable satellite timing system transfers the time of day signal to the clock system. Concurrently, the clock system receives a communication signal from a communication system and recovers a clock signal from a communication signal. The clock system synchronizes the time of day clock based on the time of day signal and the clock signal. The disclosed method advantageously synchronizes the time of day clock located in a structure without having to install a satellite antenna on the outside of the structure.

Abstract: A current confinement region located proximate to a pair of Bragg reflectors in a semiconductor laser and an epitaxial lateral overgrowth layer grown through an aperture in the current confinement region allows a desirable current flow in the laser. The placement of the current confinement region having an aperture formed therein allows the desired current flow through an active layer of the laser. This current flow allows the laser to achieve a single spatial mode output. Furthermore, the ability to place a pair of Bragg reflectors in close proximity to each other achieves a short optical cavity resulting in a single longitudinal mode output. Together, the single spatial mode and single longitudinal mode result in a desired single frequency output. The single frequency output is particularly useful for high speed, high rate optical and telecommunications.

Abstract: A monitor pixel that includes a portion of the layer of electro-optical material is provided. A measured response time of the electro-optical material is measured using the monitor pixel. Illumination of the layer of the electro-optical material is then delayed by a time corresponding to the measured response time of the electro-optical material. The system for illuminating a layer of electro-optical material with pulses of light comprises a monitor pixel, a monitor pixel driver, an optical response detector and an illumination control circuit. The monitor pixel includes a portion of the layer of electro-optical material. The monitor pixel driver is configured to drive the monitor pixel with a monitor pixel drive signal. The optical response detector is coupled to the monitor pixel and is configured to generate a detection signal indicating a change in an optical property of the monitor pixel.

Abstract: A plurality of acoustic resonators are manufactured in a batch process by forming cavities in a substrate and filling the cavities with a sacrificial layer. An FBAR membrane comprising a bottom electrode, a piezoelectric layer, and a top electrode is formed over each cavity and the sacrificial layer. The substrate is then thinned and the substrate is separated into a plurality of dice using a scribe and break process. The sacrificial layer is then removed and the FBAR filter is mounted in a package with thermal vias being thermal communication with underside of the FBAR filter. The production method improves thermal properties by increasing the efficiency of heat dissipation from the FBAR filter. In addition, electromagnetic interference is decreased by reducing the distance between a primary current flowing over the surface of the FBAR filter and an image current flowing in a ground plane beneath the FBAR filter.

Abstract: A miniature display system has polarized beam reflector film and display panel pivotally attached to the polarized beam reflector film. Because these components are pivotally attached, the components can be folded, thereby reducing the bulk of the display system. The display system may include other components such as light source, curved reflector, quarter wave film, or conic mirror. These components may also be pivotally attached to each other or to the polarized beam reflector film or the display panel.

Abstract: An adaptive delay learning algorithm is presented that reduces the amount of delay before making test measurements in an automated test that requires a delay of any type to be completed before a measurement is made in order to remove the possibility that a tester component lying in the measurement path has not achieved a ready state. In the execution of an automated test, a current delay time is set to an initial delay value. Test execution does not begin until the current delay time elapses. If, upon execution, the test fails, the current delay time is set to a different delay time, and the test is reexecuted only after the updated current delay time has elapsed.

Abstract: Micro-fluid devices and methods for their use are provided. The subject devices are characterized by the presence of at least one micro-valve comprising a phase reversible material, e.g. a reversible gel, that reversibly changes its physical state in response to an applied stimulus, e.g. a thermoreversible gel. In using the subject device, fluid flow along a flow path of the device is modulated by applying an appropriate stimulus, e.g. changing the temperature, to the microvalve. The subject devices find use in a variety of applications, including micro-analytical applications.

Abstract: A microcap wafer-level package is provided in which a micro device is connected to bonding pads on a base wafer. A peripheral pad on the base wafer encompasses the bonding pads and the micro device. A cap wafer has gaskets formed thereon using a thick photoresist semiconductor photolithographic process. Bonding pad gaskets match the perimeters of the bonding pads and a peripheral pad gasket matches the peripheral pad on the base wafer. Wells are located inside the perimeters of the bond pad gaskets and are formed to a predetermined depth in the cap wafer. The cap wafer is then placed over the base wafer to cold weld bond the gaskets to the pads and form a hermetically sealed volume between the bonding pad gaskets and the peripheral pad gasket. The cap wafer is then thinned below the predetermined depth until the wells become through holes that provide access to the bonding pads inside the package, but outside the hermetically sealed volume, for connecting wires from a micro device utilizing system.

Abstract: A transformer apparatus which can reduce a switching noise current flowing between a primary side ground and a secondary side ground is provided. The transformer apparatus includes a first core having a first primary winding wound around the first core, and second core having the substantially same structure as that of the first core, and having a second primary winding wound around the second core. The second primary winding is connected in parallel to the first primary winding. The transformer apparatus further includes a third core having a secondary winding around the third core, which is entirely and electrostatically shielded by a first conductor housing. The third core is arranged so as to be sandwiched between the first and second cores via first and second electrostatically shielding disks electrically connected to a second conductor housing.

Abstract: Integrated circuitry comprises target circuitry and test circuitry. The target circuitry uses a clock signal to transfer a target signal within the integrated circuitry. The test circuitry samples the target signal at a selected time from a plurality of possible times within a clock cycle of the clock signal. The test circuitry samples the target signal in response to a test signal indicating the selected time.

Abstract: A polarity-independent optical receiver is constructed so that the bias voltage applied to the optical receiver may be applied in a polarity-independent manner. The polarity-independent optical receiver is also constructed in a balanced arrangement, thus providing the ability to effectively suppress common-mode intensity noise present at the optical receiver. The polarity-independent optical receiver may advantageously be fabricated using metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) technology.

Abstract: A method for determining the optimum ambient pressure at which to form a bubble in a liquid. Forming a bubble in a liquid has application in a variety of applications in which a bubble is formed in a liquid. Determining the optimum ambient pressure minimizes the amount of energy required to form the bubble in the liquid.

Abstract: A self-aligned metal electrode sensor structure. The self-aligned metal electrode sensor structure includes a substrate which includes electronic circuitry. An interconnect structure is formed adjacent to the substrate. The interconnect structure includes conductive interconnect vias which pass through the interconnect structure. A sensor is formed adjacent to the interconnect structure. The sensor includes a pixel metallization section and a doped layer electrode. The pixel metallization section is electrically connected to the interconnect via. The pixel metallization section includes an outer surface which is substantially planar. The doped layer electrode includes an inner surface adjacent to the outer surface of the pixel metallization section. The entire inner surface of the doped layer electrode is substantially planar. A transparent conductive layer is formed adjacent to the sensor. The interconnect via and the transparent conductive layer electrically connect the electronic circuitry to the sensor.

Abstract: A multi-function output driver that may be used with at least two types of busses includes a multiplexer that shifts calibration bits to the pull-down transistors. This shifting changes which transistors of the transistor array are turned on when the pull-down drive transistors are driving. By changing which transistors are turned on, the impedance of the driver is changed. This shifting is used with a disable function on the pull-up drive-transistors to allow the driver to be used as an end-of-line termination, an open-drain driver, or as a source-terminated driver.

Abstract: A single cable, single point stimulus and response probing system allows the measurement of both low impedance stimulus measurements and high impedance response measurements using a single probe cable. Circuitry located within the probe cable receives stimulus input from the stimulus circuitry located within a test and measurement device, and delivers input to response measurement circuitry also located within the test and measurement device. Certain embodiments of the probing system use feedback supplied to an amplifier located within the stimulus circuitry to improve the accuracy of the measurement device and control output impedance. Feedback can be locally supplied from the output of the stimulus circuitry, or can be generated using an additional amplifier located within the response measurement circuitry.

Abstract: A microwave synthesizer apparatus features very low phase noise, fine frequency resolution and wide tuning range coverage. The microwave synthesizer apparatus utilizes a fundamental offset source in an offset phase lock loop (PLL) to translate an output signal Fout to a lower IF signal Fif for locking to a low frequency interpolation signal Fint. The use of the fundamental offset source instead of the conventional multiple frequency offset signal from a comb generator or sampler results in superior phase noise and spurious performance. The synthesizer comprises a main signal loop having a main loop VCO that produces an output signal Fout and an offset signal loop having an offset VCO that produces an output signal Fos. The signals Fos and Fout are mixed in the main loop to control the frequency of the signal Fout. The main loop VCO and the offset loop VCO preferably are YIG-tuned Oscillators (YTOs) that share a main coil.