Abstract: Provided is a graphical user interface for a logic analyzer that allows for simplified clock configuration selection. The graphical user interface consolidates all clock selection functions onto a single screen, allowing for ease of understanding and navigation.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for controlling transmissions over an optical signaling network include one or more traffic detectors that are connected to an optical switch to receive incidentally reflected light when the switch is in a transmissive state. The switch is in the transmissive state when a fluid fills a fluid-manipulable chamber, but is in a reflective state when the chamber is free of fluid. The apparatus includes two inputs and two outputs. Typically, the inputs and outputs are waveguides having an index of refraction which approximates the index of refraction of the fluid. The traffic detectors monitor light which is incidentally reflected at interfaces of the waveguides with the chamber. Under fault-free conditions in which signal transmissions are detected to be normal, a first input is connected to a first output and a second input is connected to a second output. However, when a fault condition is detected, the two inputs exchange outputs by reversing the state of the optical switch.

Abstract: A test fixture for electrically connecting a limited-access test target on a loaded circuit board with an interface probe of a tester may comprise an elongate test probe having a first end and a second end and a probe-mounting plate having a first side and a second side. The first end of the elongate test probe is substantially aligned with the limited-access target on the loaded circuit board when the test fixture is positioned adjacent the loaded circuit board. A larger-pitch target on the first side of the probe-mounting plate is substantially aligned with the elongate test probe so that the larger-pitch target contacts the second end of the elongate test probe. A personality pin having a first end and a second end is mounted to the second side of the probe-mounting plate. The personality pin contacts the interface probe of the tester when the test fixture is mounted on the tester. A first end of an elongate wire is attached to the larger-pitch target.

Abstract: A method is provided for applying a small volume of fluid such as fluids used in DNA array fabrication quickly and uniformly onto a surface of a solid substrate. The method employs a distribution member having an upper surface and a lower surface, and including a permeable portion having channels therethough. The distribution member is positioned such that the lower surface of the distribution member is in opposing relation to the surface of the substrate and separated therefrom such as with a spacer to define an application volume between the lower surface of the distribution member and the substrate surface. Once the distribution member is in position, a volume of the fluid is dispensed onto the upper surface of the permeable portion of the distribution member such that the fluid penetrates the distribution member and is retained thereby.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a switched attenuator diode microwave power sensor and more particularly to a true average, wide dynamic range microwave power sensor utilizing a switched step attenuator on the sensor input. The present invention provides a sensor that uses a switched attenuator to always keep the signal to the sensor diodes in their “square law” region of operation has significant advantages over the prior art.

Abstract: A photoconductive relay that comprises a light-emitting device, a photoconductive switching element and columns of a conductive, fusible material. The light-emitting device and the photoconductive switching element respectively include including a light-emitting region and a light-receiving region. The columns extend between the light-emitting device and the photoconductive switching element to locate the light-emitting region of the light-emitting device opposite the light-receiving region of the photoconductive switching element and separated from one another by a distance of no more than 100 &mgr;m.

Abstract: A probe tip adapter with easily interchangeable termination. It includes an empty circuit substrate with which the user may construct a probe adapter circuit designed specifically for almost any measurement situation. Also, several standard termination circuits may be easily interchanged by the user to allow the same probe tip adapter to work with transmission lines of different impedance.

Abstract: A fraction collection system for liquid chromatography includes a conduit, which directs a sample eluent from an LC column through a flow splitter to a destructive analytical detector such as a mass spectrometer to analyze sample components, and to a fraction collector. A nondestructive detector such as a photodetector is positioned near the fraction collector to detect arrival of sample components. Optionally, a nondestructive detector such as a photodetector is situated upstream from the splitter, to detect passing sample components. Time intervals between detection of a calibrant or a sample component at any two of the detectors provide for automatable identification of selected sample components at the sample collector.

Abstract: A mirror for use in a semiconductor laser. The mirror consists a total of four or more alternating layers of a low refractive index semiconductor material having an index of refraction of n1 and a high refractive index semiconductor material having an index of refraction of n2 where n2>n1. A first one of the layers is grown at a temperature, referred to as the “low temperature”, such that the layer is in a substantially amorphous state, and a second one of the layers is grown at a temperature, referred to as the “high temperature”, such that the layer is in a substantially monocrystalline state. The first one of the layers and the second one of the layers correspond to layers having different indices of refraction. The thickness, TL, of the layer grown at the low temperature satisfies TL={&lgr;/(4×nL)}(2M−1)<0.

Abstract: The ionospheric delay of a GPS signal transmitted by a first satellite having an obliquity is measured autonomously and substantially in real-time by receiving a code range, a carrier phase range and a satellite elevation angle for each of at least two satellites. For each of the at least two satellites, a code-phase divergence between the code range and the carrier phase range is calculated, an obliquity is calculated from the satellite elevation angle and time derivatives of the code-phase divergence and of the obliquity are calculated. A zenith delay is calculated from the obliquities, the time-derivatives of the obliquities and the time-derivatives of the code-phase divergences of the at least two satellites. The ionospheric delay is calculated by multiplying the obliquity of the first satellite and the zenith delay.

Abstract: An improved optical switch includes a movable optical switching element configured to selectively direct optical signals traveling in an optical input path to one of at least two optical output paths. The movable optical switching element may include waveguide portions and/or mirrors to direct the optical signals. In an alternative embodiment, the moveable optical switching element may include waveguide grating couplers to allow the selective reflection of a particular wavelength of light from an optical waveguide carrying a number of such of optical wavelengths.

Abstract: The photoconductive switch comprises a first confinement layer, a second confinement layer, a photoconductive layer that includes a doped sub-layer and an undoped sub-layer, a first electrode and a second electrode. The first confinement layer is a layer of a first semiconductor material having a first band-gap energy and a first conductivity type. The second confinement layer is a layer of a second semiconductor material having a second band-gap energy. The photoconductive layer is a layer of a third semiconductor material having a third band-gap energy and a second conductivity type, opposite to the first conductivity type. The photoconductive layer is sandwiched between the first confinement layer and the second confinement layer, and the third band-gap energy is less than the first and second band-gap energies. In the photoconductive layer, the doped sub-layer is in contact with the first confinement layer, and the undoped sub-layer is adjacent the second confinement layer.

Abstract: A laser source with an optical resonator includes a laser gain medium with a low reflective first facet emitting a laser beam within the optical resonator. A wavelength dependent mirror receives the laser beam and reflects back a wavelength separated laser beam. A beam splitter divides the wavelength separated laser beam into a feedback beam directed toward the laser gain medium and a first output beam to be coupled out of the optical resonator. As a first improvement, the laser gain medium includes a second facet which is partly reflective, so that the second facet emits a second output beam of the laser source. As a second improvement, the laser source further includes a mirror arranged in a way that a beam diffracted by the wavelength dependent mirror is reflected back and again diffracted by the wavelength dependent mirror, so that the twice diffracted beam provides the wavelength separated laser beam.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a cooling device primarily for cooling integrated circuits or other electronic devices during operation. The cooling device may include a heat sink portion and a fan, or other air movement device. The outer periphery of the heat sink portion may be formed with outwardly extending lobes, leaving recessed areas between the lobes. The lobes may be sized and located so as to correspond to heat concentration areas on an electronic device package. In this manner, heat sink material may be concentrated adjacent heat concentration areas where more heat removal is required. The overall mass and size of the heat sink portion may, thus, be reduced without significantly impairing the ability of the cooling device to remove heat from an electronic device.

Abstract: Routing density estimates within a given integrated circuit are calculated from a proposed floor plan and block interconnect data. The chip is first divided into a number of grid areas, then the routing density is estimated for each grid area. This estimate is calculated by estimating grid areas that signals most likely will cross and summing probabilities. Both horizontal and vertical routing densities are estimated. The estimates for each grid area may then be saved in computer memory, printed, input to a spreadsheet, displayed on the screen, or returned in any other desired format.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for monitoring potentially-cumulative-trauma-syndrome-inducing activities by a wearer is provided. A wearable monitor and wireless transmitter are attached to a body part of the wearer. The monitor monitors activities of the body part of the wearer. The transmitter transmits signals from the monitor to a receiver. The receiver provides the transmitted signals to a processor, which analyzes the received signals and, in response to a determination that a pre-defined threshold has been exceeded, provides feedback to the wearer. The processor is connected via a local-area-network (LAN) connection to a local area-network. Ergonomics personnel can monitor the wearer and set the threshold remotely via the LAN and the LAN connection. Ergonomics personnel can also determine when the monitor is not being worn by the wearer. The monitor is adapted to resist disablement by the wearer.

Abstract: A computational method and system for predicting the hybridization potential for two polymers. A probe/target interaction matrix is prepared to contain indications of all possible probe/target subunit interaction stabilities. The probe/target interaction matrix is analyzed to create a list of possible single-fragment hybridizations. A graph is then generated with vertices representing fragments, and edges representing possible loops in one or both of the probe and target sequences that allow the pair of fragments interconnected by the edge to coexist within a multi-fragment cross-hybridization. Finally, the graph is analyzed to construct a list of all possible single-fragment and multi-fragment cross-hybridizations possible between the probe molecule and the target molecule. The different hybridizations are scored and sorted by score.

Abstract: A controllable optical attenuator comprising an optical waveguide which extends longitudinally along the optical attenuator. The optical waveguide has an exposed surface and a core that is positioned directly adjacent the exposed surface. The attenuator further comprises at least one elongated chamber which is formed transversely to the longitudinal extent of the optical waveguide and a liquid droplet which is disposed within the elongated chamber, the droplet being movable along the chamber from a position lateral of the optical waveguide exposed surface to a position in which contact is made between the liquid droplet and the optical waveguide exposed surface. When the liquid droplet is positioned so as to contact the exposed surface of the optical waveguide, a portion of the optical signal transmitted along the waveguide core is absorbed by the droplet so as to attenuate the transmitted signal.

Abstract: A tunable optical cavity constructed from a fixed mirror and a movable mirror. The fixed mirror is attached to a substrate having a first electrically conducting surface. A support member having the moveable mirror supported thereon and having a second electrically conducting surface, is suspended above the substrate. A circuit applies an electrical potential between the first and second electrically conducting surfaces thereby adjusting the distance between the fixed and movable mirrors. The fixed mirror and the moveable mirror are positioned such that the mirrors form the opposite ends of the optical cavity. The distance between the fixed mirror and the moveable mirror is a function of the applied electrical potential. The fixed mirror is mounted in a well in the substrate such that distance between the support member and the substrate is less than half the distance between the mirrors.

Abstract: A method of testing multiple fluid samples with multiple biopolymer arrays. A cover is assembled to a contiguous substrate carrying on a first side, multiple arrays each with multiple regions of biopolymers linked to the substrate, such that the cover and the substrate together form a plurality of chambers each containing a biopolymer array and each being accessible through its own port. Multiple fluid samples are introduced into respective chambers through a port of each such that the fluid samples contact respective arrays. A binding pattern of the arrays is observed. An apparatus and kit useful in such methods, are also provided.