Abstract: Predicted observations within a first window are forecast by a predictor and a residual signal is calculated based on a difference between predicted observations and true observations. A gradient of the residual signal is determined indicative of a degree of divergence. When the gradient is outside a predetermined range, the predictor is retrained. Based on further predicted observations forecast by the predictor, a confidence envelope for a second window is generated and, using the confidence envelope, it is determined whether an outlier portion exists within the second window.

Abstract: A signal is obtained which comprises voltage measurements obtained from the calibration fluid and voltage measurements obtained from the unknown fluid. Diffusion of the measurements during the transition from measuring the calibration fluid to measuring the unknown fluid is modelled using a first model. The drift of the measurements is modelled from the calibration fluid measurements using a second model. The first model identifies a value and corresponding time point at which the diffusion process has settled. A calibration voltage value is estimated at the corresponding time point and the difference between the identified value and the calibration electrical potential value is calculated to determine a voltage difference. This voltage difference is normalized by adjusting the difference by a shift amount determined in relation to the calibration electrical potential value and a predetermined voltage value. The normalized voltage is then used to determine the ion concentration of the unknown fluid.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides magnetic sensor system that includes a magnet mounted on the end of a rotating shaft, a magnetic sensing device comprising a magnetic multi-turn sensor, and a mechanism for initializing the magnetic multi-turn sensor into a known state ready for use. Whilst the magnetic sensing device is being used to monitor the rotation of the shaft, the magnet is located in a starting position a first distance from the magnet sensing device such that the magnet field strength experienced by the magnet sensing device is within the operating window of the magnet multi-turn sensor, the operating window being defined by a minimum magnetic flux density, Bmin, and a maximum magnetic flux density, Bmax. The mechanism comprises a means for moving the magnet and the shaft in an axial direction towards the magnet sensing device such that the magnetic field experienced by the magnet sensing device exceeds the upper limit, Bmax, of the operating window.

Abstract: Device for improving an optical detecting smoke apparatus and implementing thereof. Apparatus and methods for detecting the presence of smoke in a small, long-lasting smoke detector are (disclosed. Specifically, the present disclosure shows how to build one or more optimized blocking members in a smoke detector to augment signal to noise ratio. This is performed while keeping the reflections from the housing structure to a very low value while satisfying all the other peripheral needs of fast response to smoke and preventing ambient light. This allows very small measurements of light scattering of the smoke particles to be reliable in a device resistant to the negative effects of dust. In particular, geometrical optical elements, e.g., cap and optical defection elements, are disclosed.

Abstract: Radio transmitters providing an analog signal with both radio frequency (RF) and baseband frequency information are disclosed herein. In certain embodiments, a transmitter for an RF communication system includes a radio frequency digital-to-analog converter (RFDAC) that outputs the analog signal with two bands of content. In particular, the analog signal includes a first band on content at RF frequency and representing the RF signal for transmission, and a second band of content at baseband frequency and representing baseband information such as the envelope of the RF signal.

Abstract: Integrated circuits can include semiconductor devices with back-side field plates. The semiconductor devices can be formed on substrates that have conductive layers located within the substrates. The conductive layers can include at least one of a conducting material or a semi-conducting material that modifies an electric field produced by the semiconductor devices. The semiconductor devices can include one or more semiconductor layers that include one or more materials having a compound material that includes at least one Group 13 element and at least one Group 15 element.

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to sensors, such as structural sensors, and related systems and methods.

Abstract: A new method and circuit arrangement for operating a stepper motor in a voltage-based operating mode with a control loop over the whole operating range of speeds of a stepper motor. The method/circuit arrangement includes calculating a load angle of the stepper motor. The load angle is then used to calculate a voltage-based control signal suitable for operating a known motor driver circuit, such as a chopper, to drive the stepper motor coils. This enables improved control over the stepper motor which can improve control stability.

Abstract: Disclosed is an audio signal processing method implemented by an audio system including at least an internal sensor, an external sensor and a speaker unit. The audio signal processing method includes: producing internal and external audio signals by measuring simultaneously acoustic signals reaching the internal sensor and acoustic signals reaching the external sensor, respectively; converting the internal audio signal to frequency domain, thereby producing an internal audio spectrum; converting the external audio signal to frequency domain, thereby producing an external audio spectrum; estimating, based on the internal audio spectrum, an echo audio spectrum of an echo audio signal caused by the speaker unit in the external audio signal, wherein the echo audio spectrum is estimated for frequencies above a minimum frequency, wherein the minimum frequency?600 hertz; and correcting the external audio spectrum for frequencies above the minimum frequency, based on the echo audio spectrum.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a buffer amplifier arrangement that seeks to find a solution to varying load configurations, output modes, modulator modes etc on an output of the buffer and the corresponding varying currents or voltages that appear at transistor devices throughout the circuit. To address this issue a current source that supplies an output of the buffer is divided into a fixed current source which supplies the current for the transistors of the buffer, and a variable current source that provides current for the variable load. The variable current source is a programmable current source that can be varied based on the associated modulator mode bus.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for a distributed mufti-sensor witness integrity sensing platform (WISP) approach which allows for positioning of sensors in an enclosed space. In particular, a WISP platform is divided into two modules, with a base module is connected to multiple edge sensor modules with a wired connection. In general, splitting up the distributed WISP system described herein allows multiple sensors to be placed in an enclosed (and generally inaccessible) location. The sensor data can be transmitted from the multiple edge sensor modules via a connection to the base module. Additionally, the use of the two module system as provided herein allows the sensors to be positioned meters away from the first module.

Abstract: A battery management system may include a host microcontroller, operated in accordance with a first clock signal. The battery management system may also include a first sensor, which may be configured to measure a first value of a first group of one or more cells in a battery system. A first AFE circuit may include a first pulse-width modulation (PWM) controller, which may be configured to at least one of enable or power on the first sensor while a first PWM signal from the first PWM controller is in a first state, and may be configured to at least one of disable or power off the first sensor while the first PWM signal is in a second state. The first AFE circuit may also include a first storage register, which may be configured to receive a representation of the first value measured while the first sensor is on and enabled.

Abstract: A clamp circuit comprises an output transistor and a replica transistor coupled as a current minor pair, wherein the replica transistor is scaled in size to the output transistor by a size ratio; a first current source configured to set a current in the replica transistor, wherein the output current is set at a clamped output current value that is a sum of current of the first current source and a scaled value of the current of the first current source determined according to the size ratio; and a register circuit, wherein a register value stored in the register circuit sets the clamped output current value.

Abstract: A new method and circuit arrangement for operating a stepper motor in a control loop. Load values associated with a mechanical load of a stepper motor in operation are filtered to generate stall detection values. A step value is determined based on the difference between two stall detection values. The step value is compared to a threshold, and the stepper motor is determined to be in a stall condition based on the comparison between the step value to the threshold. This arrangement enables improved detection of stepper motor stall conditions when the stepper motor is operated at low velocities.

Abstract: Comprehensive system for fire detection and implementing thereof. The disclosed system combines and optimizes optical, electrical, and sensor sub-systems to provide the functionality demanded by the market. While many of the individual functions exist separately, none of the existing products combine elements from different sub-systems to provide a much higher level of functionality. The present disclosure shows how to build a very compact housing around the smoke detector while keeping the reflections from the housing structure to a very low value while satisfying all the other peripheral needs of fast response to smoke and preventing ambient light. This allows very small measurements of light scattering of the smoke particles to be reliable in a device resistant to the negative effects of dust.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a light source system suitable for use in a time of flight camera. The light source system includes a light source, such as a laser, and a driver arranged to supply a drive current to the light source to turn the light source on to emit light. The driver includes or is coupled to a capacitor to store energy and then discharge to generate the drive current. The driver can be integrated into a semiconductor die on which the light source is mounted. Thus, the driver can include within it the source of energy for the drive current and the light source and driver can be very close together. Therefore, the light source may be turned on and off very quickly, such as with a relatively large drive current, such as to output a high optical power, short duration light pulse.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for clock synchronization and frequency translation are provided herein. Clock synchronization and frequency translation integrated circuits (ICs) generate one or more output clock signals having a controlled timing relationship with respect to one or more reference signals. The teachings herein provide a number of improvements to clock synchronization and frequency translation ICs, including, but not limited to, reduction of system clock error, reduced variation in clock propagation delay, lower latency monitoring of reference signals, precision timing distribution and recovery, extrapolation of timing events for enhanced phase-locked loop (PLL) update rate, fast PLL locking, improved reference signal phase shift detection, enhanced phase offset detection between reference signals, and/or alignment to phase information lost in decimation.

Abstract: Operator actions and/or other commands or requests are secured via an authentication path from an action originator to a communications/control module or any other industrial element/controller. In implementations, an industrial control system includes an action authenticator configured to sign an action request generated by the action originator. The destination communications/control module or any other industrial element/controller is configured to receive the signed action request, verify the authenticity of the signed action request, and perform a requested action when the authenticity of the signed action request is verified.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a laser system/package that is configured to enable the detection of a change in an optical device that is intended to alter light emitted from the laser. The system is designed to measure an electric or magnetic field that is affected by the optical device. As a result, changes in the optical device, for example because the optical device has been damaged or dislodged or removed, should be detected by a corresponding change in the electric or magnetic field.

Abstract: Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) switches are disclosed. The MEMS switch may have an actuation voltage greater than the expected voltage of a signal being passed by the MEMS switch in normal operation. The MEMS switches may include a distributed hinge structure in some embodiments. Radial contact pads are included in some embodiments, with or separate from the distributed hinge.