Abstract: To cool a grate having alternately fixed and movable rows (1, 1′) of grate bars (2), cooling liquid is sprayed into cavities (7), open at the bottom, of the grate bars (2) from spray tubes (10) situated in the underblast region (8) and in the process vaporizes essentially completely, so that the heat of vaporization is extracted from the grate bars (2). The angle sector (12) into which the cooling liquid is sprayed may be set in such a way that in each case only those sections of the grate bars (2) whose top sides form the free surface of the grate are sprayed. The cavities may also be closed except for a discharge opening leading into the underblast region and may be connected to a supply reservoir, in which the liquid is kept at a constant level, which is just below the discharge openings.

Abstract: A method of controlling the drive of the electric pretensioning unit of rotary printing machines having individually driven rotary printing cylinders and folders is specified, so that, in the event of changes being made to the paper grade or to the production sequence without the machine being stopped, only slight web tension changes occur, and the operating limits with regard to web tension are reliably maintained. This method is equally well suited to rotary printing machines having individually driven printing units or printing bridges and folders and to conventional printing machines that are driven by mechanical shafts via couplings.

Abstract: In a gas-cooled electrical machine, the conductor bars (3, 4) in the winding overhang are cooled directly by a flow element of the cooling gas flow which is passed through cooling channels (8) located within the eyes (5a, 5b) of the bar ends. To this end, the bar levels of the winding bars, which are designed as a two-level bar, are spaced apart from one another in the eye region, and thus form a radial cooling channel (8). These radial cooling channels (8) are coupled to the discharge eyes (5b) by pipe connections (10) which are connected electrically, and in terms of the flow, to round connections (20). The cooling channels (9) in the round connections (20) are connected by insulating tubes (31) or insulating hoses to an induction area (32) of the machine fan, which is separated from the winding overhang area (30) by a bulkhead wall (33).

Abstract: In a method for monitoring the supply system (10) of a gas turbine having a multiburner system, said supply system (10) comprising at least one distribution system (15, 24), via which a pressurized medium required for operating the multiburner system is distributed to a plurality of individual burners (12, . . . , 14) opening into a combustion chamber, reliable detection and analysis of faults is achieved in that, while the gas turbine is operating, the pressure loss in the at least one distribution system (15, 24) is measured continuously, in that the measured pressure loss is compared with a desired value characteristic of the respective operating state of the gas turbine, and in that a communication is issued when the measured pressure loss deviates from the associated desired value by a predetermined value.

Abstract: A burner arrangement (20) for a gas turbine comprises an interior space (22) enclosed by a casing (23), in which interior space (22) at least one burner (21) is arranged, and into which interior space (22) in each case a jet (26, 27) of a gaseous medium, in particular air, is sprayed through at least two nozzle openings (24, 25) against the direction of flow of the burner (21) and along the inner wall (23a) of the casing (23) which jets (26, 27), guided by the inner wall (23a), meet one another from opposite directions and combine to form a secondary flow (28) flowing off perpendicularly from the inner wall (23a). In such a burner arrangement, the flow is stabilized and evened out by virtue of the fact that, to establish the impingement point of the jets (26, 27), a dividing plate (29) arranged in the flow path of the jets (26, 27) and disposed essentially perpendicularly to the inner wall (23a) is provided.

Abstract: In a power switch, power-switch fingers of a rated-current switching arrangement, as well as contact fingers (25) of a tulip contact and a switching pin (14) of an arcing switch arrangement, or other parts, each comprise a base body (26, 28) which, at sections which are subjected to high thermal loads by the arc formation, bears a protective layer (27, 29) which is resistant to contact erosion and has been applied to the base body (27, 28) by plasma spraying in vacuum. This enables even complex and flexible parts to be made resistant to contact erosion. The protective layer (27, 29) which is preferably used is a mixture of at least 10% (by weight), in particular at least 50% (by weight) of high-melting metal, such as W, Mo, Ir, and lower-melting metal, such as Cu, Ag, Ti, Fe, e.g. 80% (by weight) W and 20% (by weight) Cu, while the base body used is preferably made from Cu, Ag. Fe, steel, Al or a flexible copper alloy, such as CuBe, CuCr or CuCrZr.

Abstract: A flow duct for the passage of a two-phase flow which has a liquid and a gaseous phase is described, comprising an inner wall completely enclosing the two-phase flow radially to the direction of flow. The invention is distinguished by the fact that raised contours are provided on the inner wall of the flow duct, and these raised contours are attached to the inner wall essentially perpendicularly to the direction of flow and are at a distance from one another in the direction of flow.

Abstract: In a method for regulation a gas turbo-generator set operated with sequential combustion, the fuel quantity necessary for operating the first combustion changer is first controlled as a function of a pressure prevailing at the outlet of the compressor. The ratio between this fuel quantity and this pressure is continuously updated by means of a factor reproducing the deviation of a temperature at the inlet into the first turbine from the desired value of this temperature. A fuel quantity necessary for operating the second combustion chamber is controlled as a function of a pressure prevailing at the inlet into the second turbine, and the ratio between this fuel quantity and this pressure is likewise continually updated by means of a factor reproducing the deviation of the inlet temperature into the second turbine from the desired value of this temperature. The inertias in the system are neutralized by means of this pressure backup regulation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a steam turbine, in particular a high-pressure turbine, which is enclosed by an inner casing, split into a top part and a bottom part, and an outer casing. The steam turbine, for the purpose of bleeding, has a bleed slot, which leads form the blade duct of the steam turbine through the inner casing. According to the invention, the inner casing has a shrink ring, which on the one hand holds together the bottom part and the top part of the inner casing and on the other hand forms an annular space above the bleed slot for the purpose of collecting bleed steam and passing it into a pipe connection. The shrink ring has a cavity in its center and flat sides being adapted to the outer surface of the inner casing. The cavity of the shrink ring, together with the outer surface of the inner casing, forms the enclosed, tight annular space. the shrink ring is distinguished by the few components and a short production and assembly time.

Abstract: In a method for operating a gas turbogenerator set, an exhaust gas stream (13) from the last turbine (5) is divided at least into two part streams (14, 15) routed in parallel. The first part stream (14) flows through a recuperator (26), and the second part stream (15) flows through a steam generator (27). The steam quantity (16) obtained from the steam generator (27) is introduced at a suitable point into combustion air (2, 27) used for operating a combustion chamber (2) belonging to the gas turbogenerator set. The exhaust gases from the turbine are consequently optimally cooled to good effect, this resulting in maximized efficiency.

Abstract: In a method of controlling and regulating a power plant (50), in which power plant (50) thermal power is generated in a combustion chamber (35) from a gaseous fuel and the thermal power is at least partially converted into electrical power in conversion equipment (36), and in which power plant (50) the fuel for the combustion chamber (35) is produced in a fuel producer (31) from a feed product with the application of thermal and/or electrical power, which is removed at the outlet of the conversion equipment (36), and said fuel is passed on to the combustion chamber (35), optimal stability with a simultaneously wide control dynamic range are achieved in that the production of the fuel in the fuel producer (31) is stabilized by a first control loop (31, 51, 53, 60), and the conversion of the fuel into electrical power in the conversion equipment (36) is stabilized by a second control loop (36, 33, 55, 56, 58), and in that the power plant (50) as a whole is kept within a predefined operating range (a, b) by coup

Abstract: The pipeline section of the gas-insulated pipeline has an insulating gas-filled encapsulation including a polymer pipe. A current conductor is arranged inside the capsule pipe and extends parallel to the latter's axis and is supplied with a high voltage. This current conductor is retained by insulators that rest on the inside surface of the capsule pipe. At least one of a plurality of post insulators has a support ring resting on the mantle surface of the current conductor. At least three evenly distributed and hollow support elements are molded peripherally in a star shape on the support ring, each of which has transversely to a longitudinal axis a profile that is constructed in the shape of an arch or trapezoid. The support elements each have a shell-shaped foot. Each shell-shaped foot has a thickness (d) which is smaller than a distance (a) between the current conductor and the inside surface of the capsule pipe and smaller than a length (l) in an axial direction of the capsule pipe.

Abstract: A combustion chamber in a gas-turbine, wherein the combustion chamber has an annular-toroidal-shaped interior space. A plurality of burners are arranged on the periphery of the combustion chamber, wherein the burners are operatively connected to the annular-toroidal-shaped interior space so as to initiate a swirl flow. The swirl flow forms a vortex core and the vortex core ensures the stability of the flame front.

Abstract: In a hollow-cast component, a core opening (13) created during manufacturing is closed with a closure piece (14). This closure piece is located inside a recess (15) in the component, whereby the recess is arranged so that it is imbedded completely in the cast material, and completely covers the core opening. Because of this installation, the closure piece is fixed in a form-fitting manner in the direction of two spatial axes, so that the closure piece only needs to be secured with an additional joint in the installation direction. It is preferred that the installation direction is normal in relation to the direction of maximal stress of the closure piece, so that a joint is subject to a relatively small stress and therefore can be produced with little expenditure and a high degree of operational safety.

Abstract: A method for turning a GTO on and off and a corresponding driving circuit are specified. A turn-on current and a holding current are generated from voltage pulses which are converted into currents with the aid of an electric energy store. In terms of circuitry, it is particularly advantageous when the required voltage pulses are drawn from the same energy source, or the same energy store, as the pulse required to generate the turn-off current. The holding current is preferably generated by repeating voltage pulses. The repetition frequency of said voltage pulses can then be increased or reduced as required. The frequency is reduced, in particular, when the gate-cathode voltage becomes negative, and is increased again when the voltage is positive again.

Abstract: A relatively simple, effort-saving and cost-saving arrangement and a corresponding method for repair and/or maintenance work in the inner casing of a multishell turbomachine is provided. To this end, after a tool carrier is put into the outer casing of a turbinemachine, the connecting elements of top part and bottom part of the inner casing are slackened. The top part of the inner casing is then lifted in the outer casing to such an extent that the tool carrier can reach into the inner casing. To this end, at least one locating fixture for a lifting device is arranged on the top part. A radial distance is formed between the at least one outer casing and the inner casing, the radial distance corresponding to at least the radial extent of a tool carrier to be introduced into the inner casing.

Abstract: In a steam power plant, a bypass line (2), which serves for diverting steam during the startup or rundown of the power plant, is arranged between the boiler and condenser (9). Arranged in the bypass line (2), upstream of the condenser (9), is a steam introduction device (1), in which the steam, before being introduced into the condenser (9), is expanded and cooled. The steam introduction device (1) has a first perforated diaphragm (3), a cooling chamber (4) and a second perforated diaphragm (8). According to the invention, the first perforated diaphragm (3) consists of a single spherical part. By virtue of this shape, the perforated diaphragm (3) possesses favorable mechanical and thermal stability, with the result that it becomes possible to have small wall thicknesses and production by pressing. After pressing, the orifices (12) in the perforated diaphragm are made by once-only drilling and are in each case at an equal distance from the orifices next to them.

Abstract: In a method of operating a gas-turbine group, an exhaust-gas flow (9) of the gas-turbine group is admitted to a heat-exchange stage (14, 18), through which a liquid fuel (12) and a water quantity (16) flow. The thermally processed media (12, 16) are then brought together, whereby an emulsion (19) is formed, and this emulsion (19) is used to operate a burner of a combustion chamber. In this way, the spraying of this very hot emulsion (19) into the combustion air ensures good mixing.

Abstract: In a method for operating a gas turbo-generator set (GT), the caloric potential of the exhaust gases (14) from the gas turbo-generator set (GT) is utilized by guiding them through a heat exchanger (5) which is operatively connected to a hot-air turbo-generator set (LT). A compressor (7) associated with this hot-air turbo-generator set (LT) is operated isothermally by means of point-focused or continuous water injection (24), and, after expansion (6) has taken place, the injected water is collected by condensation (19) in a separator (10). A circuit is thus provided, in which the adaptation of assemblies in order to achieve maximized efficiency is avoided.

Abstract: In a power-electronic circuit arrangement for compensating for mains system voltage reductions and mains system disturbances, a second auxiliary voltage source is provided, whose voltage is chosen to be less than that of the first auxiliary voltage source. The second auxiliary voltage source can be coupled to the feeder converter with the aid of a switch. The circuit according to the invention can thus operate in two different modes: when the first auxiliary voltage source is coupled to the feeder converter, the available voltage is sufficiently high to compensate for mains system failures or mains system voltage reductions. However, when less severe disturbances occur, the second, lower auxiliary voltage source is coupled to the feeder converter, and mains system disturbances can in consequence be compensated for without any major switching losses.