Abstract: Methine dyes (I) which conform in one of their tautomeric forms to the general formula ##STR1## where Y.sup.1 is in both or either case an electron-attracting group and the other Y.sup.1 is hydrogen,Y.sup.2 is in each case, independently of the others, hydrogen, --CN, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 -cycloalkyl, phenyl, pyridyl or together with a further Y.sup.2 a five- or six-membered ring which may have a fused-on benzene ring,R is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.10 -aralkyl or .beta.

Abstract: Preparation of substituted lactams Ia to Ic ##STR1## where n is 0 or 1, X is --O--CO--R.sup.1, --O--SO.sub.2 --R.sup.1, --CO--R.sup.2, --CO--O--R.sup.3 or --CO--NR.sup.4 R.sup.5, R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -radical of a carboxylic or sulfonic acid, R.sup.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, R.sup.3 is H or alkyl, aryl or aralkyl of not more than 8 carbon atoms, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or together form a 5-membered or 6-membered ring, by reacting a lactam II ##STR2## with a vinyl compound IIICH.sub.2 .dbd.CH-Xand a compound IV which forms free radicals to give Ia, and preparation of Ib by hydrolysis of a compound Ia in which X is (--O--CO--R.sup.1) or (--O--SO.sub.2 --R.sup.1), and preparation of Ic by thermolysis of Ib or of a compound Ia in which X is (--O--CO--R.sup.1) or (--O--SO.sub.2 --R.sup.1), and the novel substituted lactams Ia and Ib where X is (--O--CO--R.sup.1) and (--O--SO.sub.2 --R.sup.1).

Abstract: Unsaturated ketones of the formula ##STR1## and saturated ketones of the formula ##STR2## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl or alkylaryl radical which inturn may be substituted, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, together with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded, may form a cycloalkane, are prepared by a process in which a 5-methylene-1,3-dioxolanone which is substituted in the 4-position and is of the forumla ##STR3## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 have the above meanings, (a) for the preparation of an unsaturated ketone, is converted in the presence of a zeolite, of a phosphate having a zeolite structure and/or of B, Ce, Fe, Zr or Sr phosphate as catalysts and (b) for the preparation of a saturated ketone, is converted in the presence of the same catalysts which additionally carry one or more hydrogenation components.

Abstract: 3-Pentenoates are prepared by isomerization of 2-pentenoates to 3-pentenoates by a process in which the 2-pentenoate is treaated with from 0.01 to 0.5 mole of cyclic tertiary amine having a pK.sub.a of >6 per mole of 2-pentenoate at from 50.degree. to 250.degree. C. and the 3-pentenoate is distilled off continuously.

Abstract: Novel microorganisms can be used to convert n-eugenol to coniferylaldehyde.

Abstract: Crosslinked, finely divided, water-absorbing polymers are prepared in a batchwise process by copolymerization of 100 parts by weight of a monomer mixture of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, each of which is neutralized with from 0 to 100 mol% of an alkali metal or ammonium base,or acrylamide, methacrylamide or N-vinylpyrrolidone with, as a crosslinking agent, from 0.01 to 5 parts by weight of a monomer containing two or more ethylenically unsaturated double bonds in 20-80% by weight aqueous solution in the presence of an initiator in a multistage procedure in a batchwise mixing apparatus wih constant thorough mixing in all stages, in the first stage the aqueous monomer solution being copolymerized at from 45.degree. to 95.degree. C. and under from 0.1 to 0.8 bar with removal of some of the water by distillation, in the second stage the copolymerization being completed at from 100.degree. to 170.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the isolation of 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone from a mixture of dichlorodiphenyl sulfones in which the ratios of the masses of 2,4'-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone and 3,4'-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone to the mass of 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone are respectively from 0.5% to 20% and from 0.5% to 30% by treating the mixture with an alkanol at temperatures of from 20.degree. C. to 250.degree. C., cooling, and separating the pure 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone that precipitates.

Abstract: Novel 6-(acylaminaryl)-3(2H)-pyridazinones of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, A and B have the meanings given in the description, and their preparation are described.The compounds have thrombocyte aggregation-inhibiting activity.

Abstract: 2-Substituted 4-acyloxy-2-butenals of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms which may be substituted by cycloalphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic radicals, by alkenyl or alkynyl or by hydroxyl, ether, thioether, acetoxy acyl, alkylamino, carboxyl or carbalkoxy, and R.sup.2 is acyloxy, are prepared by reacting a monosubstituted acetaldehyde of the general formula II ##STR2## where R.sup.2 has the abovementioned meaning, with an aldehyde of the general formula III ##STR3## where R.sup.1 has the abovementioned meaning, in the presence of a linear or cyclic secondary amine and of an organic acid at from 20.degree. to 100.degree. C.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formulae ##STR1## where R is versatyl and R' is unsubstituted or alkyl-substituted straight-chain alkylene of 4 or 5 carbon atoms can be prepared by reacting the versatic ester of 1,3-dihydroxy-propyl-2 acrylate and/or of 2,3-dihydroxy-propyl-1 acrylate with equimolar amounts of saturated or monoolefinically unsaturated cyclic dicarboxylic anhydrides having 4 or 5 carbon atoms and an oxygen atom in the ring at from 50.degree. to 150.degree. C. in the presence of customary esterification catalysts and can be used as reactive diluents in radiation-curable contact adhesives.

Abstract: Cyclohexanone oxime containing ammonium sulfate is purified by a process in which cyclohexanone oxime in the molten state is passed over an acidic ion exchanger and a basic ion exchanger.

Abstract: Bismaleimide resion systems containing a bismaleimide and a multinuclear alkenyl and/or alkynyl arene as comonomers have improved toughness while maintaining high glass transition temperatures.

Abstract: Solutions of low viscosity solvents and high viscosity, pasty products, for example water and sodium dithionite formulations, are prepared in a continuous manner in a matter of seconds in static and dynamic mixers connected in series while at the same time the ingress of air is avoided.

Abstract: 1,4-Diaminoanthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid or salts thereof are reacted with cyanide ions at pH 8-11 in the presence of oxidizing agents in a mixture of water and 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 2-methoxy-1-propanol, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylpropionamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, dioxane, N-methylpyrrolidone or mixtures thereof, the ratio water: organic liquid being .gtoreq.3:1, the reaction proceeding at higher concentrations than in a purely aqueous medium and producing appreciably purer products in a high space-time yield.

Abstract: A flexographic printing relief-plate, which has a relief layer (P), an interlayer (Z) and a base layer (U), is provided with a double-sided adhesive sheet (W). The double-sided adhesive sheet (W) transmits actinic light and is firmly bonded to the base layer (U) on one side. On the opposing side, the adhesive sheet (W) has an adhesive force of from 1 to 6 N/25 mm. This force is less than the adhesive force on the side bonded to the base layer (U). The adhesive sheet (W) permits the flexographic relief printing plate to be repeatedly adhered to and removed from the printing cylinder without damaging the plate.

Abstract: For coating printing cylinders or sleeves with a seamless, smooth photosensitive layer, two or more strata of a thin, prefabricated, essentially solvent-free, unsupported, thermoplastically processible, solid, photosensitive layer are applied to the printing cylinder or the sleeve, without bubbles and with displacement of the air between the individual strata, and the total photosensitive layer material is then heated under pressure and with joining or fusion of the individual strata to form a single, continuous photosensitive layer, and the surface of the resulting photosensitive layer is aftertreated to shape it exactly to size and is smoothed, with formation of an exactly cylindrical shape.

Abstract: Pentasil coated catalysts and fully crystalline catalysts in which the individual pentasil crystals are larger than 5 .mu.m are prepared by hydrothermal treatment of SiO.sub.2 by a process in which the SiO.sub.2 moldings are subjected to a hydrothermal treatment at from 140.degree. to 220.degree. C. in an alkali-free mixture of water, an amine and/or a tetraalkylammonium compound, with or without ammonia. The aluminum component for the preparation of an aluminosilicate zeolite can be kneaded into the SiO.sub.2 moldings or fed in via the liquid phase during the hydrothermal treatment. The tetraalkylammonium compound used can be a tetra-n-propyl-ammonium salt or hydroxide.

Abstract: 2-benzylfuryl compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are identical or different substituents and are each hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, haloalkylthio, alkenyl or haloalkenyl, each of not more than 6 carbon atoms, n being 1, 2 or 3 where R.sup.3 is not hydrogen, and R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each hydrogen or alkyl of not more than 6 carbon atoms, R is --CHO or CHR.sup.6 OA, R.sup.6 is hydrogen, cyano, alkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl or alkynyl, each of not more than 6 carbon atoms, or carboxamide, and A is either hydrogen or a radical of an acid typical for pyrethroids, with the proviso that R.sup.2 is not hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, methyl or methoxy when R.sup.1 is hydrogen or methyl and R.sup.3 and A are each hydrogen, and furthermore with the proviso that R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are not methyl when A is a radical of tetramethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid, and finally with the proviso that R.sup.2 is not methyl, chlorine, bromine or methoxy and R.

Abstract: A printing cylinder or a sleeve is coated with a continuous photosensitive recording layer by applying a first jointless stratum of a photosensitive recording layer to the printing cylinder or the sleeve, and uniformly preexposing this first stratum to actinic light and thereafter applying one or more further jointless strata of the photosensitive recording layer to this preexposed first stratum.

Abstract: Caprolactam is obtained by cleaving oligomers of caprolactam by a process in which the oligomers, in a liquid or solid state, are introduced into a fluidized alumina bed and cleaved at from 290.degree. to 400.degree. C. in the presence of steam, and, in addition to the amount of inert gas required to fluidize the alumina bed, from 0.1 to 3 times this amount of inert gas is introduced above the fluidized bed.