Abstract: Preparation of acyl halides (I) by the reaction of halides of secondary or tertiary radicals derived from non-aromatic hydrocarbons (II) with carbon monoxide under elevated pressure in the presence of catalytic amounts of a Lewis acid, the catalyst consisting of a mixture of alkylaluminum halides corresponding to the general formula (III),R.sub.n --Al--X.sub.3-n (III)where R is an alkyl radical of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, X is halogen, and n is an average whose valve is from 0.5 to 2.5.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of homopolymers and copolymers of .alpha.-monoolefins by polymerization of the monomer or monomers using a Ziegler catalyst system comprising (1) a transition metal catalyst component and (2) an organoaluminum catalyst component, in which the transition metal catalyst component (1) employed is a solid-phase product (VI) obtained by (1.1) first bringing (1.1.1) a finely divided, porous, inorganic oxidic substance (I) as the carrier, and (1.1.2) a solution (II), as obtained on combining (IIa) an alcohol and (IIb) a transition metal composition, into contact with one another to form a suspension (III), evaporating this suspension to dryness (formation of a solid-phase intermediate (IV)) and (1.2) then (1.2.1) bringing the solid-phase intermediate (IV) obtained from stage (1.1), and (1.2.

Abstract: Use of the plant Reynoutria sachalinensis for combating fungi in agriculture.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of alkanediols by hydrogenation of alkynediols of from 3 to 8 carbon atoms in which a solution of the alkynediol in an alcohol of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, the mass fraction of alkynediol being more than 5%, of water at most 10%, and of alkanediol from 20% to 85%, is hydrogenated at temperatures of 110.degree. C. to 240.degree. C. and pressures greater than 10 bar, the pH being greater than 6.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of 1-alkylimidazoles of the general formula (I) ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is alkyl, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl, R.sup.4 is carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl R.sup.5 OCC--, carbamoyl, or cyano, and R.sup.5 is an alkyl of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms--by the reaction of imidazoles of the general formula (II) ##STR2## with dialkyl sulfates of the general formula (III)(R.sup.1 O).sub.2 SO.sub.2 (III)at elevated temperatures in the presence of a carboxylic acid or anhydride or of both acid and anhydride.

Abstract: Wholly aromatic thermotropic polyesters are based on(A) 30 to 60 mol % of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid,(B) 20 to 35 mol % of terephthalic acid and(C) 20 to 35 mol % of a mixture of(C.sub.1) trimethylhydroquinone and(C.sub.2) resorcinolthe molar ratio of C.sub.1 :C.sub.2 being within the range from 0.4:1 to 0.7:1 and the molar ratio of B:C within the range from 0.9:1 to 1.1:1.

Abstract: Aqueous dispersions of polyurethanes consisting of(a) organic polyisocyanates,(b) polyesterpolyols having a molecular weight of from 500 to 5,000,(c) organic hydroxy compounds having a molecular weight of from 62 to 400 and two terminal groups which are reactive to isocyanate groups, as chain extenders, and(d) compounds containing ionic groups or groups which can be converted to ionic groups and one or more isocyanate groups or a hydroxyl or amino group which is reactive to isocyanate groups,which contain from 0.05 to 2 meq of ionic groups incorporated into the polyurethane via (d) per g of polyurethane are particularly suitable for adhesives when the chain extenders (c) are incorporated in an amount of from 1.5 to 8 moles per mole of polyols, and a minor amount of (a) can be replaced with monoisocyanates, and a minor amount of (b) with polyetherpolyols.

Abstract: Aqueous solutions which are obtained in the carbalkoxylation of olefinically unsaturated compounds and contain heterocyclic aromatic nitrogen bases, their transformation products and lower fatty acids and/or their salts are treated by a process in which (a) the aqueous solution is heated to 150.degree.-300.degree. C. under from 10 to 300 bar and (b) heterocyclic aromatic nitrogen bases which are formed again from the transformation products are then separated off.

Abstract: Bifunctional initiators for anionic polymerization are prepared by reacting an alkenylaromatic compound of the general formula I ##STR1## where Ar is aromatic hydrocarbyl which may be substituted by alkyl or another group inert toward organoalkali metal compounds and may contain nitrogen,R.sup.1 is linear or branched alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl or aralkyl or from 1 to 22 carbon atoms where at least the carbon adjacent to the double bond is saturated and aliphatic,R.sup.2 is hydrogen or is likewise linear or branched alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl or aralkyl or from 1 to 22 carbon atoms where at least the carbon adjacent to the double bond is saturated and aliphatic, and where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may be part of a common cycloaliphatic ring, in the presence of one or more ethers and of tertiary amines and in the presence or absence of a further inert aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic solvent, at from -20.degree. to +70.degree. C.

Abstract: The use of TNF for the prophylaxis and therapy of radiaton damage is described.

Abstract: Isoindoline metal complexes of the formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently of each other H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, X.sup..crclbar. is one equivalent of a colorless anion and Me is Zn.sup.2+, Ni.sup.2+, Co.sup.2+ or Cu.sup.2+, are suitable for pigmenting surface coatings, plastics and printing inks.

Abstract: In amorphous silicon nitride powder, from 0.5 to 40 mol % of the silicon are replaced by one or more of the elements boron, aluminum, yttrium, lanthanum, titanium, zirconium, tungsten and molybdenum.The powder is obtained by reacting the halides of the corresponding elements, which are dissolved in an inert organic solvent in the particular ratio desired, with ammonia. The solid reaction product formed is separated off from the liquid phase and treated at from 800.degree. to 100.degree. C.The powder is particularly suitable as a starting material for the production of sintered articles.

Abstract: Silicon nitride powder is prepared in a gas-phase reaction by reacting silicon tetrachloride with ammonia at above 500.degree. C. in a fluidized bed of silicon nitride particles. An amorphous silicon nitride having a BET specific surface area of greater than 50 m.sup.2 /g is used at the beginning of the reaction. The resulting silicon nitride is then separated from the ammonium chloride simultaneously formed.

Abstract: A medium for irreversible information storage by locally changing the electrical conductivity of a carrier whose discrete areas of electrical conductivity have been produced by means of polymeric systems which contain conjugated double bonds and are formed by a field-chemical reaction, and a method for carrying out this information storage.

Abstract: Polymers are obtained by polymerization of water-soluble monomers which contain one or more polymerizable olefinic double bonds and a quaternary nitrogen atom which is substituted by one or more hydroxyalkyl groups and are present in the form of halide-free salts, with or without further comonomers.

Abstract: Carboxamides of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -alkenyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -alkynyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.10 -cycloalkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.10 -cycloalkyenyl or C.sub.4 -C.sub.10 -cycloalkenylalkyl, and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -haloalkyl. C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -haloalkoxy or methylthio, and their use for combating pests.

Abstract: Fuel motor compositions and lubricant compositions contain small amounts of one or more polybutyl or polyisobutyl alcohols of the formula (I)R--CH.sub.2 --OH (I)where R is a polybutyl or polyisobutyl radical derived from isobutene and up to 20% by weight of n-butene, or a corresponding (poly)alkoxylate or a corresponding carboxylate of the polybutyl or polyisobutyl alcohol.These additives reduce deposition at the valves of piston engines.

Abstract: 1,3-Butadiene is isolated from a C.sub.4 -hydrocarbon mixture containing 1,3-butadiene and small amount of propyne and C.sub.5 -hydrocarbons by extractive distillation with a selective solvent and subsequent distillative purification of the crude 1,3-butadiene obtained in the extractive distillation.

Abstract: A novel fixed-bed catalyst structure obtained using honeycomb elements, for highly exothermic and endothermic chemical reactions, wherein the required heat exchange, both in the liquid phase and in the gas phase, is forcibly effected in the fixed catalyst bed by means of static mixing elements made of inert ceramic and/or metallic material or completely of catalyst material, between the individual honeycomb elements.

Abstract: (Z)-2-(2-arylethenyl)arylcarboxylic acids of the general formula I ##STR1## where A is a group for completing an aromatic ring system and Ar is an aromatic radical, are prepared by reacting a 2-formylarylcarboxylic acid of the general formula II ##STR2## with an (arylmethyl)phosphonium salt of the general formula III ##STR3## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each organic radicals and X is halogen, in the presence of a base at from (-20.degree.) to +30.degree. C. by carrying out the reaction in the presence of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkanol and/or a C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkanediol.