Abstract: A process for the electrochemical reduction of an organic compound by bringing the organic compound into contact with a cathode, wherein the cathode comprises a support made of an electrically conductive material and an electrically conductive, cathodically polarized layer formed thereon in situ by alluviation.

Abstract: Chiral compounds of the formula I ##STR1## where the variables are as described in the specification.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel hirudin conjugates formed from a hirudin and one or more lipophilic compounds, where the lipophilic compound has an octanol/water partition coefficient of more than 1.8 and is chemically linked to the hirudin, to the preparation thereof and to the use thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for customizing a thermoplastic resin in which a thermoplastic resin body is at least partially coated with a thermoplastic coating composition comprising an additive component and a polymeric component. The thermoplastic resin body is at a temperature that is above the onset temperature of the melt processing range of the coating composition. After the coating is applied, the resin body is cooled to solidify the coating composition. Customized thermoplastic resins may be produced more efficiently using the present method than by conventional methods. The customized thermoplastic resins produced according to the invention may be heated to above the onset temperature of the melt processing range of the resin body, mixed to form a substantially uniform mixture and formed into an article.

Abstract: An industrial preparation of aldehydes and/or alcohols from olefins of more than 3 carbon atoms by a catalytic hydroformylation of the olefin reactant at a pressure of from 50 to 1000 bar and a temperature of from 50 to 180.degree. C. in the presence of an uncomplexed rhodium catalyst homogeneously dissolved in the reaction medium. The catalytic activity of the rhodium is maintained, first by extracting it from the initially discharged reaction mixture by means of an aqueous solution of a nitrogen-containing complexing agent such as sulfonated or carboxylated pyridines, quinolines or the like. In a recycle of the complexed rhodium to be reused in the hydroformylation reaction, the aqueous rhodium-containing extract is fed to a precarbonylation stage where it subjected to a required precarbonylation in the presence of an essentially water-insoluble organic liquid and in the presence of carbon monoxide, synthesis gas or another gas mixture containing carbon monoxide at from 50 to 1000 bar and from 50 to 180.

Abstract: To obtain water-based paint compositions which have outstanding storage stability and can also form paint films with outstanding appearance and water resistance.Water-based paint composition containing a hardener at 50-10 parts by weight to 50-90 parts by weight (solids) of an aqueous dispersion obtained by polymerizing an aqueous dispersion of a polyurethane resin of a number-average molecular weight of 1000-50,000, an acid value from carboxyl groups of .ltoreq.50 mg KOH/g, a sulfonate group content of 0.05-0.6 mol/1000 g, an allyl content of 0.1-1.1 mol/molecule and an acetate tolerance of .gtoreq.5 in the aqueous dispersion with ethylenic unsaturated monomers in a proportion as a weight ratio of polyurethane resin/ethylenic unsaturated monomer of 5/95-60/40.

Abstract: Blowing agent-containing emulsions comprisea) compounds containing hydrogen atoms which are reactive toward isocyanates,b) blowing agents,c) catalysts, auxiliaries and/or additives which are customary in polyurethane chemistry, wherein the blowing agents b) are present as an emulsion in the components a) and c), and polyester alcohols having the following structure are used as emulsification aids: ##STR1## where m=0-15n=0-1o=0-15p=0-1q=0-15r=0-1s=0-15t=0-1u=0-10v=0-15x=1-5y=1-4 or mixtures of 1-3 where r+n.noteq.0z=0-3z.sub.i =0.1-3R.sub.1 is an aliphatic structure without OH groups, based on the structure of polyhydric alcohols, preferably ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol and dipropylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,3-butanediol, trimethylolpropane, trimethylol ethane, glycerol, pentaerythritol, where these substances can also be used as any mixture with one another in the esterification and R.sub.

Abstract: A drain trap for a plumbing drainage system includes a drain pipe having an inlet end for fluid-connection to an area to be drained of liquid, and a discharge end. A drain cup is provided which includes a bottom wall and a side wall joined to the bottom wall. The side wall defines an open upper end which surrounds the discharge end of the drain pipe and is positioned within a portion of the drain cup to establish therebetween an annulus space to allow liquid flowing through the drain pipe to fill the drain cup and then overflow into plumbing associated with the drainage system. At least one pair of radially extending lugs are provided which are circumferentially spaced apart from one another about the drain pipe. The lugs are joined rigidly to both the drain pipe and the side wall of the drain cup to form an integral structure.

Abstract: Nitrobenzene or a nitrobenzene substituted on the nucleus is subjected to reductive coupling to give the corresponding azobenzene and azoxybenzene under heterogeneous catalysis with substantial avoidance of overreduction to aniline derivatives by means of a redox catalyst in its reduced or partly reduced form, the redox catalyst containing at least one active metal component capable of a change of oxidation state.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solution of a polyacrylate resin in one or more organic solvents, containing one or more phosphites, characterized in that the solution contains from 0.05 to 1.0% by weight, based on the solids content of the acrylate resin solution, of one or more phosphites and in that the phosphite has been added, either partially or entirely, after the polymerization reaction, at a temperature below the polymerization temperature.The present invention further relates to coating compositions which contain these polyacrylate resin solutions, their use in processes for producing a multilayer protective and/or decorative coating on a substrate surface, and the use of the coating compositions in the automotive refinishing sector.

Abstract: The preparation of epoxides of the general formula I ##STR1## in which the substituents R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 are independently hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.12 -cycloalkyl, C.sub.4 -C.sub.20 -cycloalkylalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -hydroxyalkyl, a heterocyclic ring, or an aryl or C.sub.7 -C.sub.20 -arylalkyl group optionally substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkoxy, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -haloalkoxy, phenyl, phenoxy, halophenyl, halophenoxy, carboxy, C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 -alkoxycarbonyl, or cyano, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 or R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 or R.sup.1 and R.sup.4 or R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 or R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 together form a (CH.sub.2).sub.n group in which n is an integer from 1 to 10 and which may be optionally substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkoxy, and/or halogen, andR.sup.6 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: In a process for the N-alkylation of amines in which alcohols are reacted with alkylamines or dialkylamines in the presence of hydrogen, the reaction takes place on a catalyst based on copper and magnesium silicate and containing, in each case independently, 0 to 2% by weight of BaO, Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 and/or ZnO. The amines employed are mono- or dimethylamine or mono- or diethylamine, the alcohols employed are .alpha.,.omega.-diols, in particular diethylene glycol or pentanediol. In particular there is reaction of diethylene glycol with monomethylamine and/or monoethylamine to give N-methylmorpholine and/or N-ethylmorpholine.

Abstract: A process for producing continuous filament fibers from a hydroxy- or amino-alkyl-melamine modified melamine-formaldehyde condensation product comprises filtering the highly concentrated aqueous solution of the melamine-formaldehyde condensation product, forcing the filtrate through a spinneret, drying the extruded filaments in a drying shaft by means of hot air, and treating the dried filaments in a tempering oven at temperatures which rise gradually to a maximum temperature of from 160 to 250.degree. C. to cure the precondensate.

Abstract: A process for preparing 2-cyano-3,3-diarylacrylic esters of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkyl groups, C.sub.- C.sub.12 -alkoxy groups or di(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl)amino groups and R.sup.3 is a C.sub.4 -C.sub.18 -alkyl group which can be interrupted by ether-functional oxygen atoms, by reacting a benzophenone imine of the general formula II ##STR2## with a cyanoacetic ester of the general formula III ##STR3## wherein the reaction is carried out at from 20 to 60.degree. C. and, during this, the liberated ammonia is continuously removed from the reaction mixture with the aid of a stream of gas or by reducing the pressure to from 900 to 100 mbar.

Abstract: A catalyst comprises, based on the total weight of the catalyst,0.1-6% by weight of cobalt, nickel or a mixture thereof,0.001-25% by weight of ruthenium,0-10% by weight of copper and0-5% by weight of promoterson a porous metal oxide carrier.It preferably comprises 0.1-3% by weight of cobalt and 0.1-3% by weight of nickel. It can be used in hydrogenation reactions, dehydrogenation reactions or hydrogenation/dehydrogenation reactions, in particular in the amination of alkylene oxides, alcohols, aldehydes or ketones with ammonia or primary or secondary amines.

Abstract: A sterically-hindered monomer is used to make a polymer which in turn is useful in coating compositions. The resulting residue of the sterically-hindered monomer is present in the polymer, as well as in a cured coating (preferably an automotive coating) produced using a coating composition having the polymer therein. The presence of the residue of the sterically-hindered monomer imparts in the cured coating a resistance to environmental etching.

Abstract: In a process for the continuous preparation of methyl formate by reaction of carbon monoxide and methanol under elevated pressure and elevated temperature in the presence of an alkali metal methoxide, the reaction is carried out at a pressure of from 210 to 250 bar in the presence of from 0.05 to 0.2% by weight of alkali metal methoxide, based on methanol used.

Abstract: Soft gelatin capsules consisting of capsule shell and capsule filling, where the capsule filling comprises one or more water-insoluble active ingredients) in the form of a powdered product.

Abstract: Cyclic acetals or ketals are prepared by reacting a polyol with the appropriate aldehydes or ketones, with part of the aldehyde or ketone being distilled out during the reaction.

Abstract: Disclosed are mixtures of two or more polymers of which at least one is cross-linked. Interpenetrating polymer networks are on hand. The polymers mix below a certain temperature and demix above this temperature (LCST behavior). Below the demixing temperature, such interpenetrating polymer networks are optically clear, above the demixing temperature they are milky, turbid and have reduced light transmission due to the light scattering of the phaseseparated system' if the refractive indices of the components do not coincide. The demixing process is fully reversible below the demixing temperature.