Abstract: Novel bicomponent fibers have a polyamide domain and an amorphous non-fiber-forming polymer domain which is embedded entirely within, and thereby completely surrounded by, the polyamide domain. The preferred bicomponent fibers have a sheath-core structure wherein the polyamide domain constitutes the sheath and the amorphous non-fiber-forming polymer constitutes the core. Surprisingly, even though the core is formed of a non-fiber-forming polymer, the bicomponent fibers exhibit properties which are comparable in many respects to fibers formed from 100% polyamide. Preferably, the fibers are concentric sheath-core bicomponent fibers having a nylon sheath and a core formed from polystyrene, polyisobutene and poly(methyl methacrylate). Polystyrene, and particularly atactic polystyrene, is preferred as the amorphous polymer domain.

Abstract: A process for the separation of (meth)acrylic acid from the reaction gas mixture formed in the catalytic gas phase oxidation by countercurrent absorption using a high-boiling inert hydrophobic organic liquid, in which the reaction gas mixture is passed through an absorption column countercurrently to the descending high-boiling inert hydrophobic organic liquid and (meth)acrylic acid is subsequently fractionally separated from the liquid effluent leaving the absorption column and containing (meth)acrylic acid, wherein a rectifying process is superimposed on the absorption process occurring naturally in the absorption column by removing a quantity of energy from the absorption column which exceeds its natural energy loss resulting from contact with the ambient atmosphere.

Abstract: The invention relates to chiral compounds containing at least one divalent or polyvalent chiral group, at least one polymerizable group, at least one spacer and at least one mesogenic group, and to their use as polymerizable, chiral dopes for the preparation of cholesteric networks. The novel compounds are suitable for use in electro-optical displays or as chiral dopes for nematic or cholesteric liquid crystals in order to produce layers which reflect in colors.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of olefinically unsaturated compounds by catalytic oxidation, ie oxidative dehydrogenation by transferring oxygen from a previously oxidized oxygen carrier acting as catalyst, in the absence of molecular oxygen, the catalyst being regenerated after exhaustion, wherein, during the operating phase of the catalyst (oxidation/dehydration partial step), the residence time, space velocity and/or temperature of the reactants in the reactor is/are adjusted, ie, controlled, continuously or in discrete steps, in a manner appropiate to the momentary state of activity of the redox catalyst by adjusting--continuously or stepwise--the residence time of the reactants in the freshly regenerated catalyst (ie at the commencement of the reaction) to a shorter time, and/or the temperature to a lower value, than the corresponding parameter(s) in the partially reduced catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to nonaqueous paints which comprise(A) a hydroxyl group-containing synthetic resin or a mixture of hydroxyl group-containing synthetic resins(B) an amino resin or a mixture of amino resins(C) a blocked polyisocyanate or a mixture of blocked polyisocyanates, and(D) a pigment or a mixture of pigments, and are characterized in that component (C) contains both isocyanate groups blocked with a blocking agent (I) and isocyanate groups blocked with a blocking agent (II), in which contextthe blocking agent (I) is a dialkyl malonate or a mixture of dialkyl malonates,the blocking agent (II) is a blocking agent which is different from (I) and contains active methylene groups, or is an oxime, or is a mixture of these blocking agents, andthe ratio of equivalents between the isocyanate groups blocked with (I) and the isocyanate groups blocked with (II) is between 1.0:1.0 and 9.0:1.0.

Abstract: Halomethylbenzoyl cyanides IPH--CO--CN (I)where Ph is phenyl which is substituted by chloromethyl or bromomethyl and may cary 1-4 other rradicals, are prepared from halomethylbenzoyl chlorides IIPH--CO--Cl (II),by reacting II with a cyanide-donating compound in the presence of a Lewis acid, if required in an inert organic solvent or diluent, and then isolating the product.The halomethylbenzoyl cyanides I are important intermediates for synthesizing crop protection agents.

Abstract: Thermoplastic molding materials containA) from 1 to 99% by weight of a partly aromatic copolyamide composed ofa.sub.1) from 30 to 44 mol % of units which are derived from terephthalic acid,a.sub.2) from 6 to 25 mol % of units which are derived from isophthalic acid,a.sub.3) from 43 to 49.5 mol % of units which are derived from hexamethylenediamine anda.sub.4) from 0.5 to 7 mol % of units which are derived from aliphatic cyclic diamines of 6 to 30 carbon atoms,the molar percentages of components a.sub.1) to a.sub.4) together giving 100%,B) from 1 to 99% by weight of a polyetherimide,C) from 0 to 30% by weight of a polymeric component having OH groups,D) from 0 to 60% by weight of fibrous or particulate fillers or mixtures thereof,E) from 0 to 40% by weight of rubber impact modifiers andF) from 0 to 40% by weight of conventional additives and processing assistants.

Abstract: Hydroxylamines are prepared from ammonia or the corresponding amines, hydrogen and oxygen by a process in which the starting materials are reacted under heterogeneous catalysis using an oxidation catalyst based on a titanium or vanadium silicalite having a zeolite structure and containing from 0.01 to 20% by weight of one or more platinum metals selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium and platinum, the platinum metals each being present in at least two different bond energy states.

Abstract: Phenol derivatives of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, X, Y and Z have the meanings stated in the description, are used in particular in nonlinear optics.

Abstract: Electrically conductive thermoplastic fibers are made by spinning a fiber having an electrically conductive sheath of thermoplastic polymer formulated with carbon black and a nonconductive core from the thermoplastic polymer; quenching the fiber after said spinning to a temperature below the melting point of the thermoplastic; drawing the quenched fiber at a draw ratio between about 2.0 and about 3.2; and, after drawing, relaxing the fiber at a temperature below the melting point of the thermoplastic but above its glass transition.

Abstract: Amphiphilic polyesters containing(a) ester units derived from polyalkylene glycols having a molecular weight of from 500 to 7500 and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and/or monohydroxymonocarboxylic acids and(b) ester units derived from aromatic dicarboxylic acids and polyhydric alcoholsand having molecular weights of from 1500 to 25,000,processes for preparing the amphiphilic polyesters by polycondensation, preparing first(a) aliphatic polyesters of polyalkylene glycols having a molecular weight of from 500 to 7500 with aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and/or monohydroxymonocarboxylic acids and then, within the aliphatic polyester thus obtained,(b) aromatic polyesters from aromatic dicarboxylic acids and polyhydric alcohols,reversing the order of the polycondensation, or condensing oligomeric aromatic polyesters (b) with oligomeric aliphatic polyesters (a), and use of the amphiphilic polyesters as additive in laundry detergents, other laundry detergent additives and laundry aftertreatments.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of pure trans- and cis-4-hydroxy-2, 2,6-trimethylcyclohexan-1-one from a mixture of these isomers comprises fractionally rectifying the isomeric mixture in a suitable column having from about 30 to 80 theoretical separation stages at temperatures of preferably from 50.degree. to 130.degree. C. and a pressure in the range from 0.1 to 5 mbar. The products are essential intermediates for the preparation of 3-hydroxycarotenoids such as cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin.

Abstract: Particulate graft copolymers A) are composed ofa.sub.1) from 5 to 70% by weight, based on A), of a grafting base having a glass transition temperature of less than 10.degree. C. and based ona.sub.11) from 50 to 99.94% by weight, based on a.sub.1), of at least one alkyl acrylate where the alkyl radical is of 1 to 30 carbon atoms,a.sub.12) from 0 to 49.9% by weight, based on a.sub.1), of a further monounsaturated monomer copolymerizable with b.sub.11) anda.sub.13) from 0.01 to 5% by weight, based on a.sub.1), of polyfunctional crosslinking monomers,a.sub.2) from 20 to 85% by weight, based on A), of a stage polymerized in the presence of component a.sub.1) and comprisinga.sub.21) from 95 to 100% by weight, based on a.sub.2), of at least one monomer having a refractive index n.sub.D.sup.20 of more than 1.51 anda.sub.22) from 0 to 5% by weight, based on a.sub.2), of a polyfunctional, crosslinking monomer anda.sub.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for improving the properties of lactones and substituted lactams by subjecting the post-manufactured lactones and substituted lactams to an ion exchange resin. Specifically, this invention relates to a method for reducing the cationic impurities concentrations, reducing the amine concentration, and reducing the pH of post manufactured lactams.

Abstract: Cyclic acetals of the formula I ##STR1## where the substituents have the following meanings: R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl or phenyl; additionally R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together are an unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -alkylene chain;Y is oxygen or sulfur;A has the meaning as given in claim 1;a process for preparing the acetals I and their use for the production of crop protection compositions are described.

Abstract: Solvent-spun cellulose fibers having a reduced tendency to fibrillate are produced by treating the fibers with one or more compounds from the group of the(A) N-methylol ethers of carboxamides, urethanes, ureas and aminotriazines,(B) N-alkyl-mono- or polysubstituted cyclic hydroxy- or alkoxy-ethyleneureas,(C) hydrophilic modified polyisocyanates, and(D) mixtures of polyurethanes with isocyanates.

Abstract: A method for reducing the molecular weight of aminoplast compounds, the aminoplast compounds obtained thereby, and coating compositions containing said aminoplast compounds are provided. The reduced molecular weight aminoplasts are obtained by reacting(a) an aminoplast compound, having a total number (y) of reactive substituents on the amino nitrogens of the aminoplast, where y=(E.times.M) and E=equivalents per mole of aminoplast and M=total number of moles of aminoplast, wherein the reactive substituents are selected from the group consisting of --NH, alkylol, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, and mixtures thereof and(b) at least one carbamate compound selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted and substituted primary carbamate compounds, unsubstituted and substituted secondary carbamate compounds and mixtures thereof,in the presence of primary or secondary alcohols, at temperatures under 150.degree. C.

Abstract: Catalyst systems of the Ziegler-Natta type contain, as active componentsa) a titanium-containing solid component in whose preparation a titanium compound, a compound of magnesium, a halogenating agent and an electron donor component are used,b) an aluminum compound andc) as a further electron donor component, an organosilicon compound of the formula (I)R.sup.1 R.sup.2 Si(OR.sup.3).sub.2 (I)where R.sup.1 is C.sup.1 -C.sub.10 -alkyl or C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl, excluding sec-butyl, R.sup.2 is sec-butyl and R.sup.3 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl. The catalyst systems are particularly suitable for the preparation of polymers of C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 -alk-1-enes.

Abstract: A process for preparing polyenecarbonyl compounds having a high all-E content and their acetals or ketals by aldol condensation or Horner-Emmons reaction comprises carrying out the reaction, for the purposes of the preferred formation of a double bond of E configuration and in order to maintain the E configuration of the double bonds in the stating compounds as completely as possible, in the presence of oxygen or an oxygen-inert gas mixture or nitric oxide or a nitric oxide-inert gas mixture and/or in the presence of specific stable radicals and/or in the presence of quinones or quinone derivatives.

Abstract: A process for preparing copolymers of vinyl esters and monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids by free-radical copolymerization of(a) 20 to 80 mol % of vinyl esters of aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having at least 2 carbon atoms and(b) 80-20 mol % of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, with or without(c) 0-30 mol % of other copolymerizable monoethylenically unsaturated monomers and/or(d) 0-10 mol % of monomers which contain at least two non-conjugated ethylenic double bonds in the molecule,in the presence of at least one sulfur, phosphorus and/or nitrogen compound with a reducing action and of 0.05-30% by weight, based on the monomers, of at least one surface-active agent in aqueous medium in the presence of initiators and in the presence or absence of regulators, and the use of the copolymers or of the copolymers which are obtainable therefrom by hydrolysis and/or oxidation and have vinyl alcohol units as additive to detergents and cleaners.