Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of optically active 2--halopropionic acids, in which the corresponding optically active alkyl 2--halopropionates are caused to react with a carboxylic acid at elevated temperature in a transacylation reaction with the formation of the optically active 2--halopropionic acid and the alkyl carboxylate, and the optically active 2--halopropionic acid obtained is separated from the reaction mixture. The optically active products produced are important intermediates for the preparation of plant protectants and pharmaceuticals.

Abstract: Goniochromatic luster pigments based on multiply coated platelet-shaped metallic substrates comprising at least one layer packet ofA) a layer consisting essentially of silicon oxide, silicon oxide hydrate, aluminum oxide and/or aluminum oxide hydrate, andB) a nonselectively absorbing, silicon-containing layer which is at least partially transparent to visible light,and also, if desired, additionallyC) an outer layer which consists essentially of colorless or selectively absorbing metal oxide,are useful for coloring paints, inks, including printing inks, plastics, glasses, ceramic products and decorative cosmetic preparations.

Abstract: A process for preparing quaternized glycine nitriles of formula I ##STR1## comprising reaction of the corresponding precursor amine, aldehyde, hydrocyanic acid or alkali metal cyanide, and subsequent quaternization with an alkylating agent, wherein the reaction and quaternization are carried out successively in aqueous medium without isolation of an intermediate.

Abstract: Amines are prepared by reacting a mixture obtained in the cracking of mineral oil fractions with ammonia or a primary or secondary amine of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 -alkenyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 -alkynyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.20 -cycloalkyl, C.sub.4 -C.sub.20 -alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.4 -C.sub.20 -cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, C.sub.7 --C.sub.20 -alkylaryl or C.sub.7 --C.sub.20 -aralkyl or together are a saturated or unsaturated C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 -alkylene ene chain,at from 200.degree. to 350.degree. C.

Abstract: An aqueous polymer dispersion is prepared by free radical aqueous emulsion polymerization of a mixture of monomers having at least one ethylenically unsaturated group, which comprises at least 30% by weight of monomers having two conjugated ethylenically unsaturated double bonds, by a process in which the polymerization temperature is varied in the course of the free radical aqueous emulsion polymerization.

Abstract: Also disclosed is an appliance for introducing sealing compound into lug caps, the appliance containing a turntable for accommodating the cap, and an injection unit, the injection unit containing a nozzle block, which has annularly arranged injection nozzles, and a delivery device for the sealing compound, the turntable and the nozzle block being arranged so as to be centered and the nozzle block being rotatable in the same direction as the turntable.The invention also relates to a process for introducing sealing compound into lug caps and to the use of the appliance for injecting sealing compound into lug caps.

Abstract: Aromatic aldehydes are prepared by catalytically reacting aromatic carboxylic acids or their esters with hydrogen in the gas phase at from 200.degree. to 450.degree. C. and from 0.1 to 20 bar in the presence of a zirconium dioxide/lanthanide catalyst having a high BET surface area of from 20 to 150 m.sup.2 /g, preferably from 40 to 150 m.sup.2 /g. The proportions by weight of the catalytically active mass range from 80 to 99.9% by weight of zirconium dioxide and from 0.01 to 20 %by weight of one or more lanthanide elements. This catalyst provides very high conversion rates of 94 to 100% together with a correspondingly high selectivity for the aldehyde product.

Abstract: There is now provided a closed cell rigid polyisocyanate based foam blown with a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 hydrofluorocarbon and formic acid as blowing agents, which possesses a uniform density gradient varying by not more than 10 percent. There is also now provided a polyol composition and a froth foaming mixture having good flow by employing a polyol and formic acid in the presence of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 hydrofluorocarbon having a boiling point of 300 K or less as co-blowing agents. The polyol composition advantageously has an average OH number of less than 400 and an average functionality of greater than 4, which when reacted with the isocyanate in the presence of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 hydrofluorocarbon, yields a rigid closed cell polyisocyanate based dimensionally stable foam having a fine cell structure.

Abstract: In a process for the preparation of crystalline N-methylol(meth)acrylamide from (meth)acryamide and paraformaldehyde, the reaction of the solid reactants to give a product melt and the subsequent crystallization thereof in a reactor while subjecting the reaction mixture to mechanical shear load is preferably carried out in a self-purging screw reactor or a disk reactor. The reaction of the reactants and the crystallization of the product melt are preferably carried out without added solvent. A catalyst, in particular an alkali metal carbonate or a trialkylamine, can be used for the reaction of the reactants.

Abstract: Binders compriseA) an aminotriazine derivative in which the primary amino groups of the triazine are methylolated on average with at least one mole of formaldehyde per mole of primary amino groups, and these methylol groups are etherified on average with at least 0.5 mol of primary alcohol per mole of methylol group and the primary alcohols are a mixture containinga) 0.5-99.5 mol % of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkanol andb) 99.5-0.5 mol % of an alcohol of the formulaR.sup.1 --O--?R.sup.2 --O!.sub.n --R.sup.3 --OH I,in which R.sup.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.24 -alkyl or C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 -aryl which may be unsubstituted or substituted by from one to three C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl groups, and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 independently of one another are C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 -alkylene and n is an integer from 1 to 100, or of a mixture of higher-boiling alcohols having a boiling point of above 120.degree. C.

Abstract: Thermoplastic molding materials ofA) from 30 to 98% by weight of a graft polymer ofa.sub.c) from 30 to 90% by weight of an elastomeric graft core anda.sub.s) from 10 to 70% by weight of a graft shell,B) from 1 to 50% by weight of a thermoplastic polymer,C) from 1 to 70% by weight of an elastomeric block copolymer, andD) from 0 to 30% by weight of a polymer having a star-like structure.

Abstract: An improved non-phosphate, peroxygen based machine dishwashing composition comprising a blend of nonionic surfactants, builders, non-chlorine bleach, bleach precursors, enzymes, polycarboxylate polymers and homopolymers of polyalkyleneoxide wherein spotting and filming are substantially minimized.

Abstract: Aircraft deicing or antiicing compositions based on glycols and water consist essentially of:a) from 80 to 92% by weight of alkylene glycol having 2 or 3 carbon atoms, an oxyalkylene glycol having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, or mixtures thereof,b) from 0.05 to 1.0% by weight of at least one nonionic surfactant comprising alcohols having 10 to 20 carbon atoms alkoxylated with from 1 to 10 equivalents of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or mixtures thereof,c) from 0.1 to 0.8% by weight of polymeric carboxylic acid having a molecular weight of from 1,000 to 10,000,d) from 0 to 1.5% by weight of ammonia or of a hydroxyalkylamine,e) from 0 to 1.5% by weight of a further surfactant,f) from 0.01 to 0.8% by weight of at least one corrosion inhibitor, andg) water as remainder.

Abstract: A radiation-sensitive mixture essentially consisting of(a) a water-insoluble binder or binder mixture and(b) a compound which forms a strong acid on exposure to radiation,component (a) being a phenolic resin in which some or all of the phenolic hydroxyl groups have been replaced with groups (IA) or (IB) ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each alkyl or R.sup.1 together with R.sup.2 forms a ring and X is CH.sub.2, O, S, SO.sub.2 or NR.sup.4, is suitable for the production of relief structures.

Abstract: Binders for papercoating slips which permit uniform printability contain a polymer prepared by the seed procedure and comprisingfrom 1 to 49% by weight of a polymer seed A) having a glass transition temperature of from -80.degree. to +25.degree. C. and based on esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, andfrom 51 to 99% by weight of ethylenically unsaturated monomers B), from 10 to 100% by weight of which monomers are butadiene,the polymer seed A being added before or during the polymerization of the ethylenically unsaturated monomers.

Abstract: Coating composition comprising(A) at least one hydroxyl group-containing polyacrylate resin obtained by polymerizing(a) from 5 to 80% by weight of a cycloaliphatic ester of methacrylic acid and/or acrylic acid, or a mixture of such monomers,(b) from 10 to 50% by weight of a hydroxyl group-containing alkyl ester of methacrylic acid and/or acrylic acid, or mixtures of such monomers,(c) from 0 to 25% by weight of a hydroxyl group-containing, ethylenically unsaturated monomer, different from (a) and (b), or a mixture of such monomers,(d) from 5 to 80% by weight of an aliphatic ester of methacrylic and/or acrylic acid, different from (a)-(c), or a mixture of such monomers,(e) from 0 to 40% by weight of an aromatic vinyl hydrocarbon, different from (a)-(d), or a mixture of such monomers, and(f) from 0 to 40% by weight of an additional ethylenically unsaturated monomer, different from (a)-(e), or a mixture of such monomers,and(B) at least one crosslinking agent.

Abstract: Water is separated from crude oil by a process in which the oil demulsifier used is a mixture ofA) compounds which have demulsifying activity and are of the structure type of the(a) polyethyleneimine alkoxylate,(b) mono- or oligoamine alkoxylate,(c) alkoxylated alkylphenol/formaldehyde resins,(d) alkoxylated amine-modified alkylphenol/formaldehyde resins,(e) co- or terpolymers of alkoxylated acrylates or methacrylates with vinyl compounds,(f) condensates of mono- or oligoamine alkoxylates, dicarboxylic acids and alkylene oxide block copolymers, where these condensates may furthermore be completely or partially quaternized at the nitrogen atoms, or(g) compounds (a) to (f) reacted with crosslinking agents andB) as a demulsifying assistant, a polyalkylene glycol ether which has no demulsifying activity and is of the general formula I or IIR.sup.1 ?(OA.sup.1).sub.a --OH!.sub.n (I)H--(OA.sup.1).sub.b --(OA.sup.2).sub.c --(OA.sup.3).sub.d --OH(II)whereR.sup.1 is a monovalent to decavalent C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: The invention relates to aqueous electrodeposition coating materials comprising cathodically depositable synthetic resins and further comprising a reaction product (A) and a polymerization initiator (B) which forms free radicals, wherein the cathodically depositable synthetic resin is different from the reaction product (A), and the reaction product (A) is prepared by reacting(a) a polyisocyanate or a mixture of polyisocyanates with(b) an organic compound which contains both at least one ethylenically unsaturated double bond and at least one active hydrogen atom per molecule, or a mixture of such organic compounds, and(c) an organic compound which contains both at least one active hydrogen atom and at least one tertiary amino group and/or at least one ketimine and/or at least one aldimine group per molecule, or a mixture of such organic compounds, and if desired(d) an organic compound which is different from (b) and (c) and contains at least one active hydrogen atom per molecule, or a mixture of such organic

Abstract: A curable coating composition is described comprising(A) a carbamate- or urea-functional compound that is the reaction product of a mixture comprising(1) a compound comprising a carbamate or urea group or a group that can be converted to carbamate or urea, and a hydroxyl functional group that is the reaction product of(a) a compound comprising a carbamate or urea group or a group that can be converted to a carbamate or urea group, and an active hydrogen group that is reactive with a lactone ring or a hydroxy carboxylic acid, and(b) a lactone or a hydroxy carboxylic acid, and(2) a compound that is reactive with hydroxyl groups on a plurality of molecules of compound (A)(1), but that is not reactive with the carbamate or urea groups on compound (A)(1),(B) a compound comprising a plurality of groups that are reactive with carbamate or urea.

Abstract: Branched polyamides are prepared by mixingA) from 10 to 99.7% by weight of a melt of a polyamide prepolymer having a viscosity number of from 40 to 90 ml/g withB) from 0.3 to 6% by weight of a polybasic carboxylic acid, where the number n of the free carboxylic acid groups is 3.ltoreq.n.ltoreq.10, and alsoC) from 0 to 80% by weight of further additives and processing aids,where the percentages by weight of the components A) to C) add up to 100%, and subsequently further condensing the mixture in the solid phase.