Abstract: Novel ether-aldols of the general formula (I) ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each alkyl, can be prepared by reacting a 2-alkylacrolein (H.sub.2 C.dbd.CHR.sup.2 --CHO), an alcohol (R.sup.1 OH) and formaldehyde, preferably aqueous formaldehyde, in the presence of a tertiary amine.

Abstract: Effect pigments are prepared by a process in which a pigment substrate comprising flaky particles, of which from 10 to 90% by weight have a longest dimension of from 60 to 400 .mu.m and the remainder have a longest dimension of from 3 to 30 .mu.m, are treated, in a fluidized bed, with one or more metal chlorides and steam in the gas phase, at elevated temperatures. During this procedure, the particles are coated with metal oxide. After coating, the fraction having a particle size of from 3 to 30 .mu.m is separated off as the effect pigment.The coatings obtained adhere very firmly to the flaky particles.The pigments are used for coloring finishes, plastics, cosmetic products and glasses.

Abstract: Organic condensation reactions are carried out at elevated temperatures by a method in which the starting material or materials are fed in, in gaseous form, at the bottom of a reactor charged with a mineral oil having a boiling point of not less than 150.degree. C., or are fed in, in liquid form, at the bottom of the reactor, and the mineral oil is kept at a temperature which is no lower than the boiling points, of the starting materials introduced as liquids, which correspond to the partial pressures, of the said starting materials, resulting at the bottom of the reactor, and the product is taken off, in gaseous form, at the top of the reactor.

Abstract: Magnetic recording media possessing a thin magnetic layer are produced by dispersing finely divided magnetically anisotropic material and conventional additives in a solution of a polymeric binder in an organic solvent, applying a layer of the dispersion to a non-magnetizable base by means of a knife-coater, then, if required, orienting the magnetically anisotropic material by means of a magnetic field and drying the applied layer, a high molecular weight organic compound which acts as a thickener being added to the magnetic dispersion.

Abstract: Readily water-soluble, slightly hygroscopic terpolymers which consist of(a) from 10 to 40% by weight of vinylpyrrolidone,(b) from 20 to 50% by weight of vinyl acetate (VAc) or vinyl propionate and(c) from 10 to 40% by weight of hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate or hydroxyethyl methacrylate, which terpolymers are used as auxiliaries in the cosmetics and pharmaceuticals sectors.

Abstract: Fluoroethoxyphenyl (di)thiophosphates of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is alkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, alkoxyalkyl or alkylthioalkyl, each of 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 independently of one another are each hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine or cyano, or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, cyano, alkoxy or alkylthio, X is oxygen or sulfur, and Y is hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine or bromine, their preparation and their use as pesticides.

Abstract: Formic acid is recovered, by distillation, from its mixtures with solvents of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or vinyl and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl, or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together form a 1,4- or 1,5-alkylene group, in each case of not more than 8 carbon atoms, with the provisos that the sum of the number of carbon atoms in R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is 7 to 14 and that only one of these radicals is aryl, by a method in which the distillation is carried out in the presence of a carboxamide II which is selected from the group consisting of formamide, acetamide, propionamide and the same compounds substituted by N-methyl or N,N-dimethyl, and which has a boiling point lower than that of the solvent I.

Abstract: Stabilized solutions of hydroxylamine or its salts, containing anthocyans of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each hydrogen, hydroxyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy and X is an anion of a strong mineral acid, and their preparation.

Abstract: Transparent flame-retardant poly(arylether-arylsulfone) molding materials preferably contain not less than 50% by weight of units of the formula ##STR1## and, as a flameproofing agent, from 0.1 to 10% by weight, based on the weight of poly(arylether-arylsulfone), of a poly(2,6-dibromophenylene 1,4-oxide) having a molecular weight of from 1000 to 20000, and, if required, a heat stabilizer.The molding materials are useful for the production of shaped articles, films and fibers.

Abstract: A macroporous, hydrophilic enzyme carrier comprises a sulfonated polymer, charged with polyethyleneimine, of from 10 to 100% by weight of divinylbenzene, from 0 to 90% by weight of styrene and from 0 to 20% by weight of a copolymerizable monomer, the polyethyleneimine being neither crosslinked nor covalently bonded to the polymer.

Abstract: CO.sub.2 and/or H.sub.2 S are removed from gases which contain CO.sub.2 and/or H.sub.2 S by means of an aqueous absorption liquid containing an alkanolamine, by a process wherein the said gas is treated, in an absorption stage, at from 40.degree. to 100.degree. C., with an aqueous absorption liquid containing from 20 to 70% by weight of methyldiethanolamine, the treated gas is taken off at the top of the absorption stage, the aqueous absorption liquid laden with CO.sub.2 and/or H.sub.2 S is taken off at the bottom of this stage and is regenerated by being let down in two or more flash stages, and the final flash stage is operated under reduced pressure and the regenerated absorption liquid is recycled to the absorption stage.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of the compounds of the formulae Ia and Ib ##STR1## wherein A. 2,4,4-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one oxime of the formula IIb ##STR2## is treated with a strong aqueous acid at from 30.degree. to 80.degree. C., preferably 40.degree. to 70.degree. C.,B. the resulting ketone of the formula IIIb ##STR3## is oxidized in a conventional manner, and C. if desired, the resulting compound Ib is isomerized in a conventional manner.Compounds of the formula A ##STR4## where R is one of the following radicals: --CH(OH)--CH.sub.2 --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 (IIIb), --CH(OH)--CH.sub.3 (IIIc), --CH.sub.2 OH (IIId), --CH(OH)--CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 (IIIe), --CH(OCOCH.sub.3)--CH.sub.3 (IIIf), --CH.sub.2 --OCOCH.sub.3 (IIIg), --CO--CH.sub.2 --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 (Ib), --CO--CH.sub.3 (Ic) and --CO--CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 (Ie).The compounds IIIb to IIIg, Ib, Ic and Ie are useful scents and aromas, and furthermore may become important intermediates for novel carotenoids.

Abstract: Ditriazolylvinyl phenyl ketones of the formula I ##STR1## where R is halogen, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, alkoxy of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, trifluoromethyl, cyano, nitro, phenyl or phenoxy, and n is an integer from 0 to 5, and the two triazole rings can, as desired, be bonded in the 1-position or 4-position to the vinyl group, their preparation and their use as nitrification inhibitors.

Abstract: Polyether-ester polyols are prepared by reacting a polyether polyol, maleic anhydride and an alkylene oxide in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of calcium naphthenate and cobalt naphthenate. These polyols may be used in preparing polyurethane products.

Abstract: 4,4'-diaminobenzophenones of the formula I ##STR1## where the rings A and B can be further substituted, are prepared by a process in which a compound of the formula II ##STR2## where the rings A, B and E can be substituted, is oxidized with aqueous nitric acid in the presence of nitrobenzene or of an alkanoic acid and under superatmospheric pressure, and the reaction product is cleaved.The process according to the invention gives the compounds of the formula I in high yield and purity.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of pent-3-enoic acid and its alkyl esters, of the general formulaCH.sub.3 --CH.dbd.CH--CH.sub.2 --CO--ORwhere R is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, comprising carbonylating butadiene with carbon monoxide and a compound ROH at from 300 to 1,000 bars CO pressure and from 100.degree. to 160.degree. C. in the presence of cobalt catalysts and nitrogen bases, wherein C.sub.4 cuts are used as starting materials and a tertiary amine having a pK.sub.A of from 3 to 11 is used as the nitrogen base. The pent-3-enoic acid or alkyl esters produced may be used for the manufacture of adipic acid or its alkyl esters, which compounds are starting materials for the manufacture of nylons.

Abstract: Imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid is prepared by a process in which imidazole is reacted with formaldehyde, and the reaction mixture is treated with nitric acid.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of .alpha.-tocopherol of the formula I ##STR1## by reacting a chroman derivative with a C.sub.14 -Grignard reagent using a di-alkali metal tetrahalocuprate catalyst in a Schlosser-Fouquet reaction, wherein a chroman derivative of the general formula II ##STR2## where Y is a leaving group, especially Br, is used and is reacted, at from -70.degree. to 0.degree. C., first with a solution of about 1 equivalent of a Grignard compound of the general formula IIIX--Mg--R (III)where X is Cl, Br or I and R is straight-chain or branched alkyl of 1 to 14 carbon atoms, preferably methyl, ethyl or ##STR3## and then with a solution of a Grignard reagent of the formula IIIa ##STR4## in an ether solvent and a solution of a di-alkali metal tetrahalocuprate in an ether solvent. The novel process simplifies the preparation of 2RS,4'RS,8'RS-, 2R,4'RS,8'RS- or 2R,4'R,8'R-.alpha.-tocopherol by reacting a chroman structural unit, containing a C.sub.

Abstract: Gravure printing plates which are highly abrasion-resistant and scratch-resistant can be produced rapidly and simply from a photosensitive recording material by exposing the latter through a photographic positive, washing out the unexposed areas and drying the resulting gravure printing plate, if the photosensitive recording material employed, which comprises a photopolymerizable and/or photocrosslinkable layer (L) applied to a dimensionally stable base, contains finely divided, hard, abrasive particles in the layer (L), the surface of this layer, which subsequently constitutes the surface of the printing plate, has a peak-to-valley height of <2 .mu.m, and the materials of this layer are chosen so that, after exposure and development, it has a Vickers hardness of not less than 10 N/mm.sup.2, measured under load.

Abstract: A RIM polyurethane elastomer prepared by reacting an organic polyisocyanate, a polyoxyalkylene polyether polyol, and a chain extender in the presence of an effective amount of aniline. Improvements in tensile and tear strength are realized.