Abstract: Phenylhydrazones of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or phenyl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, or is phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by alkyl, alkoxy or halogen, or is a radical ##STR2## R.sup.2 is alkyl or is phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by alkyl, alkoxy or halogen, and R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 independently of one another are each H, alkyl, alkoxy or halogen, are very useful as charge carrier-transporting compounds for electrophotographic recording materials.

Abstract: Flocculants based on polymers of neutralized or quaternized di-C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkylaminoneopentyl (meth)acrylates and copolymers thereof are used for clarifying waste water and for flocculating sludges.

Abstract: A magnetic tape transport apparatus wherein at least one capstan simultaneously drives the take-up and supply reels, and wherein tape tension is generated by a braking device allotted to each tape reel, each braking device consisting of an assembly of levers (A, B, C, and D, E, Z) and a braking cable which is wound around the axle supporting the tape reel, and by means of which the braking forces are so adjusted that it is always the axle of the supply reel which is braked, while the axle of the take-up reel runs relatively freely. In a practical embodiment, the lever assembly comprises at least three hingedly connected levers (A, B, C and D, E, Z), viz. two lateral levers and an interconnecting lever, it being possible to obtain different lever arrangements by varying the locations of the movable pivot points (G) and the fixed fulcrum points (F) FIGS. 1 to 3).

Abstract: Clear aqueous gels prepared from certain polyoxybutylene-polyoxyethylene block polymers are used for topically applied cosmetic and pharmaceutical compositions and remain gels at refrigerator and freezer temperatures.

Abstract: Oral products such as mouthwashes and dentifrices are disclosed which utilize a polyoxyethylene derivative of a fatty alcohol having 15 to 20 carbon atoms wherein the polyoxyethylene chains are responsible for about 50 to about 90 percent of the molecular weight of the surfactant. Unexpectedly, the nonionic surfactants solubilize peppermint oil and other flavorants at ambient temperatures and below so that the mouthwash compositions of the invention remain clear and haze free. The visually clear dental creams of the invention also maintain their clarity at ambient temperatures and below. Both mouthwash and dental creams of the invention are free of the usual bitter surfactant taste.

Abstract: An azo dye comprising a heterocyclic diazo component, of the general formula ##STR1## where D is a radical of the formula ##STR2## Y is nitro, chlorine or bromine, Z is hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, cyano or nitro,R.sup.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, cyano, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkanoyloxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxycarbonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkanoylamino, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylaminocarbonyloxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxycarbonyloxy, chlorine, phenyl and/or phenoxy, or is cyclohexyl, propargyl or C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 -alkenyl, or is a radical of the formula(A-O).sub.n -R.sup.2,R.sup.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, phenyl or, if n>1, may also be hydrogen,R.sup.3 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, which may be substituted by phenyl or phenoxy,R.sup.4 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy or phenoxy,X is oxygen or a direct bond,A is --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, ##STR3## and n is 1, 2 or 3.

Abstract: Ruthenium-on-charcoal and ruthenium-on-carbon black catalysts, containing from 0.1 to 5% by weight of iron, for the preparation of olefinically unsaturated alcohols by selective hydrogenation of the corresponding .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carbonyl compounds in the liquid phase are prepared by modifying the catalyst with iron only after it has been impregnated with the ruthenium compound, and reducing the catalyst with hydrogen at from 400.degree. to 600.degree. C., with thorough mixing.The catalysts according to the invention are particularly useful for improving the industrially difficult hydrogenation of citral to give the sought-after fragrances geraniol and nerol.

Abstract: An electromicrobial reduction with the aid of aerobic microorganisms in the absence of oxygen is described.

Abstract: Polymers which have two or more stable, reversibly interconvertible oxidation states with half-wave potentials E.sub.1/2 of from -1.5 to +1 V, and which are obtained when a polymer having a reactive side group is reacted with a 1,9-substituted phenalene, are useful for producing electrically conductive systems, in the electrical industry, and for converting and fixing radiation, for producing electric switches, as electrochromic displays, for providing an antistatic finish on plastics and as reversible redox systems.

Abstract: A mixture of optical brightener compounds consisting of a compound of formula (A) ##STR1## and at least one compound of formula (B) or (C) where formula (B) is ##STR2## and formula (C) is ##STR3##

Abstract: Highly concentrated, dust-free, solid and readily dispersible pigment formulations contain(a) from 70 to 95% by weight of one or more finely divided pigments,(b) from 5 to 30% by weight of one or more surfactants which possess 20-45% by weight of ethylene oxide units, have a mean molecular weight of from 4,000 to 15,000 and are obtained by reacting an amine of the formula ##STR1## where R is C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -alkylene, R.sup.1 is H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl and n is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, or R is 1,3-phenylene, 1,4-phenylene or 4,4'-diphenylenemethane, R.sup.1 is H and n is 1, with propylene oxide and then reacting the product with ethylene oxide, and(c) from 0 to 5% by weight of waxes and/or antifoams, with or without(d) other agents conventionally used in pigment formulations, the percentages being based on (a+b+c).The formulations are very useful for pigmenting aqueous, alcoholic or aqueous/alcoholic printing inks and surface coatings, and printing pastes for textiles.

Abstract: Highly stable emulsions of biocides in liquid fertilizer compositions are disclosed which offer unexpected stability thus permitting application of both biocides and liquid fertilizers simultaneously. The improved emulsion stability can be obtained by utilizing higher polyoxyalkylene glycol ethoxylate esters or combinations thereof with certain anionic emulsifiers. Stable aqueous emulsions are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of acicular ferrimagnetic iron oxide by converting acicular iron(III) oxide hydroxide at from 300.degree. to 650.degree. C., by treatment with an organic compound which decomposes in this temperature range in the presence of iron oxide, the iron(III) oxide hydroxide used for the reaction being a lepidocrocite which has been heat-treated at from 300.degree. to 700.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of saccharin by reacting an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution of o-methoxycarbonylbenzenediazonium chloride with sulfur dioxide, wherein(a) the aqueous diazonium salt solution is reacted with sulfur dioxide at from 0.degree. to 100.degree. C. in the presence of a water-immiscible or only partially water-miscible inert organic solvent,(b) in order to decompose the diazonium salt, the reaction mixture is treated simultaneously or subsequently with a diazonium salt decomposition catalyst,(c) the aqueous organic reaction mixture, or the organic phase obtained after removing the aqueous phase, is treated with an oxidizing agent at from 0.degree. to 100.degree. C. and(d) the organic phase is reacted with aqueous ammonia at from 0.degree. to 50.degree. C. and the saccharin is isolated from the aqueous phase in a conventional manner by acidifying with a strong acid.

Abstract: Cyclohexene derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are hydrogen or tert.-butyl and N and X are members of a heterocyclic ring in which X is an alkylene chain of four, five or six members, one of which may be a hetero-atom, such as oxygen, and where the alkylene radicals are unsubstituted or substituted by alkyl or by --CH.sub.2 OH or its acetyl or propionyl derivative, and their salts are used in fungicides.

Abstract: Dye mixtures which comprise two or more dyes of the formula ##STR1## ps where X is hydrogen, methyl or chlorine, and R is a radical of the formula OR.sup.1, OCOCH.sub.3, OCOC.sub.2 H.sub.5, R.sup.1 being hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, are very useful for dyeing cellulose esters.

Abstract: A process for removing caprolactam and its oligomers from cooling water containing these compounds, wherein gases are introduced into the cooling water and the foam which forms is separated off.

Abstract: Azolylmethyloxiranes of the formula ##STR1## where A and B are identical or different and independently of one another are each alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, naphthyl, biphenyl or phenyl, and the phenyl radical can be substituted by halogen or nitro, or by alkyl, alkoxy or haloalkyl, each of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or by phenoxy or phenylsulfonyl, and Z is CH or N, and their plant-tolerated addition salts with acids, and metal complexes, and fungicides containing these compounds.

Abstract: Polycaprolactone is prepared by polymerization of .epsilon.-caprolactone by a process wherein a mixture of .epsilon.-caprolactone with a monohydric or polyhydric alcohol is passed, at from 50.degree. to 160.degree. C., over a fixed-bed catalyst comprising essentially anhydrous bleaching earth in the form of moldings.

Abstract: Herbicidal agents containing a composition of a 1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one-2,2-dioxide and N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N'-methoxy-N'-methylurea in a weight ratio of from 1:0.05 to 1:0.2. These agents are particularly suitable for combating unwanted plant growth in soybeans.