Abstract: An azo compound useful in copying processes of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or one of the radicals R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is unsubstituted phenyl or phenyl substituted by alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, methoxy or ethoxy, and A denotes ##STR2## where R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each hydrogen; alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms which may be substituted by hydroxy, alkoxy, halogen or alkoxycarbonyl; cyanoethyl; alkylcarbonyl with 1 to 3 carbon atoms in the alkyl; cyclohexyl; phenalkyl of 7 to 10 carbon atoms; or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or R.sup.4 is N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl or N,N-bisphenalkylaminoalkyl, or the group ##STR3## is a 5-membered or 6-membered saturated heterocyclic ring which may contain an --O-- or --S-- group as ring member, Y is hydroxy, alkyl, alkoxy, chlorine, bromine or alkylcarbonylamino, n is 0, 1 or 2, R.sup.6 and R.sup.

Abstract: Dyes of the formula ##STR1## where X is chlorine or bromine, Y is ##STR2## and n is 0, 1 or 2. On synthetic fiber materials, the dyes give clear blue colorations which are very fast to thermofixing and fast to light.

Abstract: P-aminoazo dyes of the formula: ##STR1## in which D is a benzoisothiazolyl group;B.sup.1 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy;B.sup.2 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, chloro, bromo, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkanoylamino or C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkoxycarbonylamino;R.sup.1 is the radical ##STR2## C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl optionally bearing hydroxy, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkanoyloxy, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkoxycarbonyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkanoylamino or chloro as a substituent, phenylethyl, phenoxyethyl or cyclohexyl and the group -A.sup.1 --CO--A.sup.2 represents acyl, acyloxy or acylamino derived from a carbonic acid derivative in which A.sup.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of 6-aminocaproamide, wherein methyl or ethyl 5-cyanovalerate is reacted with excess ammonia at temperatures of from 25.degree. to 200.degree. C and the resulting 5-cyanovaleramide is hydrogenated at temperatures of from 25.degree. to 200.degree. C and pressures of from 50 to 300 bars in the presence of ammonia and of supported cobalt and/or nickel catalysts. 6-Aminocaproamide is suitable for the manufacture of caprolactam.

Abstract: As a spin-finish lubricant for processing synthetic fibers, a nonionic polyalkoxylate surfactant of the fatty-ether alkoxylate, fatty-ester alkoxylate, or block or heteric ethylene oxide/propylene oxide type is made which contains a substantial proportion of alkali-metal or alkaline-earth metal ions and preferably anions of volatile nature, such as the anions of saturated carboxylic acids containing up to 18 carbon atoms. Such lubricants display improved stability when during a spin-finishing operation the synthetic fiber to which they have been applied is passed over a heater plate maintained at 150.degree. to 300.degree. Centigrade.

Abstract: A cassette, particularly a cassette for a wide recording tape, consisting essentially of a lid-closable housing of plastics material, snap latch means being provided which interact between the long side of the lid and the wall of the housing opposite the lid hinge, which means consist, according to the invention, of cams on the lid and grooves in the wall of the housing, which cams and grooves engage each other to produce, when the cassette is opened, an initial closing force by deformation of the adjacent wall of the housing, in order to make opening of the cassette more difficult.

Abstract: Methacrylic acid and methyl methacrylate are manufactured by reacting, respectively, propionic acid and methyl propionate with dimethoxymethane in the presence of catalysts based on phosphates and/or silicates of magnesium, calcium, aluminum, zirconium, thorium and/or titanium, and in the presence of from 0 to 0.5 mole of water per mole of the acetal.

Abstract: Opaque coatings or films having a high covering capacity produced from coating compositions containing synthetic resins, fillers, solvents, common catalysts, sensitizers, additives and auxiliary agents, characterized in that radiation permeable mixtures of coating compositions are used containing the following components:A. 14 - 20 parts by weight, preferably 15 - 18 parts by weight, photosensitized light curing condensation resins having double bond values of 0.180 to 0.450;B. 55 - 75 parts by weight, preferably 65 - 70 parts by weight, or fillers having a low covering capacity;C. 0.5 - 10 parts by weight, preferably 1 - 6 parts by weight, of film forming cellulose derivatives or mixed polymerizates of vinyl chloride with other monomers which are compatible with A and B, andD.

Abstract: Amidosulfonic acids are manufactured by reacting ureas first with sulfur trioxide and then with sulfuric acid in the presence of organic solvents. The products are sweeteners, in particular cyclohexylamidosulfonic acid and its calcium, sodium and potassium salts, and starting materials for the manufacture of sweeteners, dyes and pesticides.

Abstract: A thickened acid cleaner concentrate composition comprising an inorganic acid, e.g., hydrochloric, an organic acid, e.g., oxalic, a nonionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a flocculating agent such as iron or aluminum ion and water is used to clean vehicles such as railroad equipment. The waste water is then treated by increasing its pH to cause flocculation and separation to remove suspended solids and entrained BOD prior to discharge or re-use within the plant. The flocculating agent in the composition provides a proportional pretreatment of the waste to facilitate the final treatment and separation of waste in the used composition.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of o-benzyltoluenes by reaction of o-xylyl halides with benzenes in the presence of sulfuric acid or in the presence of phosphoric acid and adjuvants or in the presence of sulfuric acid and adjuvants. The products are starting materials for the manufacture of anthracene and anthraquinone and their derivatives.

Abstract: The new product 3-oximino-4-oxo-2,5-dimethyl-tetrahydrofuran is manufactured by oximation of the new product 3-carboxy-4-oxo-2,5-dimethyl-tetrahydrofuran with aqueous nitrous acid, nitrite esters or nitrosyl chloride. Because of its fine caramel-like fragrance it may be used for the manufacture of scents and flavor materials. In addition it presents an advantageous method of synthesis of the sought-after flavor material 4-oxo-3-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydrofuran (furaneol).

Abstract: New and valuable furan derivatives containing a fluorodichloromethylthio radical, fungicides containing these compounds as active ingredients, and processes for combatting fungi with these compounds.

Abstract: The manufacture of pure isomeric 1,4-dibromo-epoxy-cyclohexenes and their derivatives, which are starting compounds for units used to synthesize neutral compounds, e.g. cyclitols or aminocyclitols.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which K is the radical of a coupling component;X is hydrogen, chloro, bromo, methyl or nitro; andY is hydrogen, chloro, bromo or methyl.The compounds are eminently suitable as pigments for coloring printing inks, surface coatings and resins with exceptional fastness properties.

Abstract: A practical method of electrolyzing sodium chloride brine on a commercial scale, obtaining in good yield a caustic product exceptionally low in salt content, is provided. The process necessarily involves working with a brine of lower calcium-ion content than is ordinarily used, using dimensionally stable anodes, using, preferably but not necessarily, a heat-treated ion-exchange membrane as a separator within the cell, and periodically taking action to reduce the cell voltage, by reducing the current or interrupting it, alone or with a concomitant flushing of the catholyte portion of the cell.

Abstract: Liquid and solid compositions are provided for souring and imparting softness to freshly laundered textile materials. When in the form of a stable homogeneous liquid, the composition may contain (a) a quaternized fatty amide, an aqueous emulsion of partially oxidized polyethylene, a fatty amphoteric compound, or a fatty amide as described hereinafter as the softening agent, (b) hydrofluorosilicic acid, ammonium silicofluoride, zinc silicofluoride, ammonium acid fluoride, potassium acid fluoride, or orthophosphoric acid as the souring agent, and (c) water. When in the form of a stable dry solid, the composition may contain (a) a quaternized fatty amide, a fatty amphoteric compound or a fatty amide as described hereinafter as the softening agent, and (b) ammonium silicofluoride, potassium silicofluoride, sodium silicofluoride, zinc silicofluoride, ammonium acid fluoride, sodium acid fluoride or potassium acid fluoride.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for rapidly letting-down the pressure in continuous high pressure polymerization systems for the polymerization of ethylene. In this process, the let-down hot reaction mixture is passed into an expansion vessel in such a way that the jet of let-down hot reaction mixture issuing from the let-down line is led into the partially water-filled expansion vessel at an angle of from 0.degree. to 45.degree. to the water surface, so that the jet does not enter below the surface but must touch or strike it. The method described makes it possible to let the mixture down partially and thus to slow down the decomposition in the case of explosive decomposition reactions occurring in the polymerization system.

Abstract: A new pigmentary form of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid diimide of the formula ##STR1## which has a specific surface area (measured by the BET method) of from 10 to 35 m.sup.2 /g and a maximum in the particle size distribution at from 0.1 to 0.5 .mu.m, the proportion of particles between these sizes being at least 50% of the total distribution and the mean ratio of length to width being from 3:1 to 1:1. The pure shade of the new pigmentary form gives strongly yellowish red colorations which are very pure and very bright. The new pigmentary form also has a good hiding power, which is from 2 to 3 times as great as that of the pigmentary forms of the prior art.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of reaction products of fatty alcohols and epichlorohydrin, which have been reacted with polyhydric alcohols or their monoethers and may or may not have been further modified with alkylene oxides, the reaction products per se and emulsifiers, solubilizing agents and fat-like materials consisting of these products.