Abstract: Pigment formulations and their use.The formulations contain pigments, organic solvents and from 10 to 80% by weight of a wetting agent consisting of a non-ionic organic compound which has a viscosity of from 500 to 10,000 mPa.s and has been produced by reacting an alkylated amide/formaldehyde reaction product and an epoxy resin, which may or may not be modified, in a weight ratio of from 9:1 to 1:9. They are used as additives in surface-coating binders, especially in cationic electrocoating finishes.

Abstract: A flameproofed nylon molding composition which can be processed by thermoplastic methods and which contains, as the flameproofing agent, from 5 to 30% by weight of brominated styrene oligomers and a synergistic metal oxide. The compositions may be used for the manufacture of injection moldings for the electrical industry.

Abstract: Dyes of the formula ##STR1## where Y is alkyl of 3 to 18 carbon atoms or phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by chlorine, bromine, alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkoxycarbonyl (where alkoxy is of 1 to 4 carbon atoms), phenoxy, benzoylamino, trifluoromethyl or alkylcarbonyl (where alkyl is of 1 to 6 carbon atoms), X is hydrogen or ##STR2## where R is alkyl of 1 to 17 carbon atoms, phenylamino, phenyl, alkoxycarbonyl-alkyl (where alkoxy is of 1 to 8 carbon atoms and alkyl of 2 to 4 carbon atoms), alkoxy of 1 to 10 carbon atoms or alkoxyalkyl of a total of 3 to 12 carbon atoms, A is chlorine, bromine, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, B is hydrogen or nitro and n is 0, 1, 2 or 3. On cellulose and cellulose-containing textiles, the dyes, used in the presence of swelling agents, give bluish violet to greenish blue dyeings having very good fastness properties.

Abstract: An aqueous cyanide-free alkaline zinc bath for electroplating metallic surfaces with mirror-bright zinc coatings, which bath contains zinc ions, alkali metal hydroxides and, as the brightener, a polyalkylenepolyamine which is at least partially alkylated, with alkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, at the basic nitrogens.

Abstract: Dialkyl-ketals are manufactured by reacting ketones with alkanols in the presence of an acid condensing agent and of an at least equivalent amount, based on the ketone, of anhydrous calcium sulfate.

Abstract: New and valuable salts of phosphonic acids whose cationic components are ammonium radicals, agents for influencing the growth of plants with these salts, and a process for their manufacture.

Abstract: Formamide is manufactured continuously from methyl formate and gaseous ammonia. The reaction is carried out in a reactor at from 30 to 90.degree. C, from 5 to 20% by volume of the reactor output is drawn off continuously and fed to the formamide working-up stage, and the remainder of the reactor output is cooled, in an external circuit maintained by means of a pump, to from 25 to 60.degree. C and is mixed with the amount of fresh methyl formate required for steady-state operation, after which the appropriate amount of gaseous ammonia is introduced into the stream of liquid through a jet, by the sucking-jet principle, and the stream of liquid is recycled to the reactor.

Abstract: A photopolymerizable composition which contains one or more olefinically unsaturated compounds and from 0.2 to 20% by weight (based on the unsaturated compound(s)) of a photoinitiator, with or without conventional additives, the photoinitiator being a mixture of one or more aromatic carbonyl compounds of the general formula (A) ##STR1## where Ar is an ortho-arylene radical which may or may not be substituted by one or more radicals R.sup.1 to R.sup.4, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are identical or different and each is H, alkyl or 1 to 5 carbon atoms, phenyl, halogen, alkoxy of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, alkaryl of 7 to 11 carbon atoms, aralkyl of 7 to 11 carbon atoms or --CO.sub.2 R.sup.9, where R.sup.9 is alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and n is 0 or 1, and an amine, with or without an aromatic carbonyl compound which differs from (A).This photopolymerizable composition is particularly suitable for the manufacture of photopolymer printing plates and UV-curing printing inks.

Abstract: Manufacture of glycinonitriles by reacting amines with carbonyl compounds and hydrogen cyanide under specific reaction conditions in respect of the temperature, reaction time and hydrogen cyanide concentration.The glycinonitriles obtainable by the process of the invention are antioxidants and valuable starting materials for the manufacture of dyes, fungicides, bactericides, textile auxiliaries and inhibitors for use in antifreezes.

Abstract: Surface-coating binders for cathodic electrocoating which comprise a protonized heat-curable reaction product (A), substantially free from epoxide groups, of(a) one or more Mannich bases, prepared from(a.sub.1) one or more polyhydric condensed phenols which may or may not contain ether groups.(a.sub.2) one or more secondary amines which contain one or more hydroxyalkyl groups, with or without one or more secondary amines which do not contain such groups, and(a.sub.3) formaldehyde or a formaldehyde donor, with(b) one or more epoxy resins,Which binder also contains from 1 to 40% by weight, based on the total of (A) + (B), of a water-insoluble non-ionic resin (B), free from epoxide groups and containing urethane groups, which resin has been obtained by reacting a partially blocked diisocyanate or higher polyisocyanate with a reaction product of a polyepoxide and one or more low molecular weight compounds containing SH and/or OH groups.

Abstract: Polymers in powder form are manufactured by polymerizing water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomers, which form hydrophilic polymers, in a powder bed of polymers of water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated compounds in the presence of polymerization initiators and water as an auxiliary liquid, the water being entirely or partially removed from the polymerization zone by evaporation during the polymerization.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved process for the manufacture of magnetic discs carrying very thin magnetic layers, by applying a fluid dispersion of magnetic materials in a binder mixture to rigid base discs by the spin-coating process. Above the side of the base disc which is to be provided with the magnetic layer, there are arranged means which produce an aerodynamic boundary layer above the discs during rotation of the latter. This avoids the formation of surface irregularities and of coating streaks during production of the layer by spin-coating.

Abstract: Azo dyes represented by the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.2 represents alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or may also represent ethyl or propyl substituted by hydroxy or alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R.sup.3 is C.sub.4 H.sub.9 --, CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.4 --, CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.5 --, CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.7 --, ##STR2## or cycloalkyl of 5 to 8 carbon atoms. These dyes have excellent fastness properties and are especially useful for dyeing cellulose ester and polyester fibrous materials.

Abstract: Oxyalkylated condensation products prepared from aliphatic and aromatic amines, epihalohydrin and alkylene oxides are used in the preparation of polyurethane foams.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of acetals by reacting aliphatic aldehydes with aliphatic alcohols, especially olefinically unsaturated aldehydes and allyl alcohols, in the presence of a distillable acid, especially nitric acid, using a rectifying column as the reaction vessel. The products may be used as starting materials for plastics, active substances, scents and vitamins.

Abstract: New polymers which contain 1,6,6-trimethylnorpinanyl-2-methyl or 3-pinanylmethyl groups, i.e. macromolecular compounds in which the side chains contain optically active groups, so that the polymers may also be optically active. The new polymers may be used for the production of moldings, coatings and adhesives and as optical modifiers for films.

Abstract: Dimethylaminobenzenesulfonates are manufactured by reacting nitrobenzenesulfonates with formaldehyde and hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst containing a metal of atomic number from 24 to 29 and of phosphoric acid and water at a pH of from 2 to 3.5, at from 50 to 150.degree. C, under a pressure of at least 40 bars, with a residence time of from 1 to 15 minutes. The products are starting materials for the synthesis of dyes, especially of rhodamine dyes, oxazine dyes and reactive dyes, and also of pharmaceuticals and pesticides.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating photopolymer printing plates, which have already been exposed, with liquid media, in which the plate, mounted on a vertically movable holder, can be moved up and down between an upper loading and unloading chamber and a lower treatment chamber, separated from the upper chamber by a partially open partition, and in which upper and lower rim elements of the plate holder seal the aperture in the partition in a vapor-tight manner when the plate holder is in its terminal positions.

Abstract: A color video tape recording/playback system with a magnetic tape unit and possibly a color video camera comprises at least one signal storage means, e.g. a charge-coupled device (CCD), for the intermediate storage of the video information, thus enabling the recording to be carried out with a reduced bandwidth or at a reduced tape speed and, if applicable, with a reduction of time base errors. Skip line or skip field methods are used or the grouping of several lines is exploited. The reduction of time base errors during playback is achieved by clocking out the stored signal from the charge-coupled device at the rhythm of the tape speed fluctuations in the tape recorder.

Abstract: A container for a cassette containing a recording tape which container consists of a hollow portion, a support for the cassette and a lid portion. The design of the support and lid portion and the hinged connection between the same and the hollow portion are such that in the closed position of the container the latter is closed on all sides while in its open position the cassette is held securely but is readily removable.