Abstract: A process for producing scratch-resistant coatings, especially scratch-resistant multicoat finishes, involving use of coating compositions which, after curing, have a storage modulus E′ in the rubber-elastic range of at least 107.5 Pa and a loss factor tan&dgr; at 20° C. of at least 0.05, the storage modulus E′ and the loss factor having been measured by dynamic mechanical thermoanalysis on free films having a film thickness of 40±10 &mgr;m, and comprise as binders one or more polyacrylate resins having a hydroxyl number of from 100 to 240, an acid number of from 0 to 35, and a number-average molecular weight of from 1500 to 10,000, and as crosslinkers one or more free or blocked isocyanates and/or triazine-based components which crosslink with the hydroxyl groups of the binder to form ether and/or ester structures.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polymers, polyureas and water-soluble or water-dispersible polymeric salts, a cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition which comprises at least one such polymer, and to the use of the polymers.

Abstract: Carbonyldiimidazoles of the formulae Ia, Ib, Ic or mixtures thereof where R1 is C1-4-alkyl and R2 is hydrogen or methyl, and tert-butyl esters derived therefrom are described.

Abstract: A process prepares expandable propylene polymer beads by mixing propylene polymer melt with a volatile organic blowing agent and with a nucleating agent in an extruder, whereupon the extrusion and pelletization of the extrudate takes place in a water bath under conditions of temperature and pressure at which practically no foaming of the pellets takes place.

Abstract: Disclosed is an NOx storage catalyst in honeycomb form wherein the honeycomb is formed from at least one alkaline earth metal sulfate as precursor compound of the storage material, optionally in combination with the customary concomitant and assistant materials and/or optionally at least one stabilizer.

Abstract: Compounds having thrombin inhibiting activity of the general formula I or II where n is 0.5, 1, 2 and HX is  and HX is optionally substituted once or twice by methyl, ethyl or hydroxyl, and the tautomers and stereoisomers thereof, which compounds have greater thermal stability betaines, and salts of mineral acids or C1-C4-carboxylic acids.

Abstract: A process for preparing lactams by hydrolytic cyclization of aminonitriles in the gas phase in the presence of a metal phosphate catalyst comprises using a catalyst comprising one or more oligophosphates of the general formula (I) M (POa)b  (I) where M is a metal of group 3 or 4 of the periodic table, including the lanthanides, a is >2.5 and <4.0, and b is such that electrical neutrality is ensured, or a mixture of one or more oligophosphates of the general formula (I) with one or more further salts of a metal of group 3 or 4 of the periodic table, including the lanthanides, with an inorganic acid.

Abstract: 4-Benzoylpyrazoles of the formula I where: R1 and R2 are each hydrogen, mercapto, nitro, halogen, cyano, thiocyanato, C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-haloalkyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, C2-C6-alkenyl, C2-C6-alkynyl, —OR10, —OCOR10, —OSO2R10, —S(O)nR10, —SO2OR10, —SO2NR3R10, —NR10SO2R10 or —NR10COR; Q is a pyrazole of the formula II,  which is attached in position 4 and, Substituted 4-benzoylpyralozoles.

Abstract: Fungicidal mixtures comprise as active components a) an amide compound of the formula I A—CO—NR1R2  (I) and at least one further ingredient selected from b) a dithiocarbamate (II) selected from the group consisting of manganese ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (zinc complex) (IIa), manganese ethylenebis(dithiocarbamat) (IIb), zinc ammoniate ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (IIc) and zinc ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (IId) c) a carbamate of the formula III (CH3)2N—CH2CH2CH2—NH—CO2—CH2CH2CH3  (III) d) an N-acetonylbenzamide of the formula IV or a salt or adduct thereof, e) an active compound of the formula V, f) an active compound of the formula VI, and g) an active compound of the formula VII, where the substituents are as defined in the description, in a synergistically effective amount.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 1,1,4,4-tetramethoxy-2-butene by reacting 2,5-dimethoxydihydrofuran with methanol in the presence of acids comprises carrying out the reaction in the presence of solid catalysts having acidic centers.

Abstract: A process for preparing low molecular weight, highly reactive polyisobutylene having an average molecular weight Mn of from 500 to 5000 Dalton and a terminal double bond content of more than 80 mol % by polymerization in the liquid phase of isobutene or hydrocarbon streams comprising isobutane [sic] with the aid of a boron trifluoride complex catalyst at from −40 to 20° C. and at from 1 to 20 bar comprises a) polymerizing until the residual isobutene content of the reaction mixture is less than 2% by weight, based on isobutene introduced, or removing residual isobutene towards the end of the polymerization until the residual isobutene content is less than 2% by weight, b) enriching the boron trifluoride complex catalyst which is obtained in the form of droplets in the disperse and/or coherent phase, c) recycling the complex-enriched phases to the polymerization and d) compensating for catalyst losses by adding boron trifluoride and, if necessary, complexing agents.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to expression vectors and yeast cells transformed therewith containing a first heterologous nucleotide sequence which codes for a G protein-coupled receptor, for example, the somatostatin receptor, and a second nucleotide sequence which codes for all or a portion of a G protein &agr;&bgr;&ggr; complex. Said heterologous protein is physically expressed in a host cell membrane in proper orientation for both stereoselective binding of ligands, as well as functional interaction with G proteins on a cytoplasmic side of the cell membrane. In some embodiments, a nucleotide sequence encoding a heterologous or chimeric G&agr; protein is expressed in conjunction with nucleotide sequences from the yeast G protein &bgr;&ggr; subunits. A second aspect of the present invention provides expression vectors and yeast cells transformed therewith encoding chimeric yeast/heterologous G protein coupled receptors.

Abstract: A process for producing 1,6-hexanediol by hydrogenation of adipic esters and/or 6-hydroxycaproic esters in the gas phase at elevated temperature and elevated pressure in the presence of chromium-free catalysts comprises hydrogenating a) over a catalyst comprising copper, manganese and aluminum as essential constituents or over Raney copper, b) at a temperature of from 150 to 230° C. and a pressure of from 10 to 70 bar, c) at a molar ratio of hydrogen to ester to be hydrogenated within the range from 150:1 to 300:1, and d) at a catalyst space velocity of from 0.01 to 0.3 kg of C6 ester per liter of catalyst per hour.

Abstract: Substituted thiopyridines of the general formula I where n is 1 or 2; R1 is chlorine, C1-C3-fluoroalkyl, nitro or methylsulfonyl; R2 is a C1-C10-alkyl, C2-C10-alkenyl or C2-C10-alkynyl radical, in each case unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, C1-C4-alkoxy, C1-C4-alkoxycarbonyl, di-(C1-C4-alkylamino)carbonyl, cyano or nitro, a C3-C8-cycloalkyl radical, or a C1-C4-alkyl-enephenyl, phenyl or naphthyl radical which is unsubstituted or substituted in the phenyl moiety by halogen, C1-C3-alkyl, C1-C3-alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, cyano or nitro.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a water-soluble or water-dispersible polymeric salt, to a cosmetic or pharmacuetical composition which comprises at least one such polymeric salt, and to the use of the polymeric salts.

Abstract: A method of using compounds of formula I in which the C═C double bond is present in E and/or Z configuration and the variables have the following meanings: R1 denotes COOR5, COR5, CONR5R6, CN, O═S(—R5)═O, O═S(═OR5)═O, R7O—P(—OR8)═O; R2 denotes COOR6, COR6, CONR5R6, CN, O═S(—R6)═O, O═S(═OR6)═O, R7O—P(—OR8)═O; R3 denotes hydrogen, an optionally substituted aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic or aromatic radical having in each case up to 18 carbon atoms; R4 denotes an optionally substituted aromatic or heteroaromatic radical containing from 5 to 12 ring atoms; R5 to R8 independently denote hydrogen, an open-chain or branched-chain aliphatic, araliphatic, cycloaliphatic or optionally substituted aromatic radical containing in each case up to 18 carbon atoms, where the variables R3 to R8 may also form, together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, a 5-membered or 6-membered

Abstract: A process for preparing sodium and aluminum chloride electrochemically is described in which, in an electrolytic cell containing aluminum as an anode and sodium as a cathode which are separated from one another by a sodium ion-conducting solid electrolyte, a fused electrolyte essentially containing sodium tetrachloroaluminate is electrolyzed in the anode compartment, aluminum chloride formed in this process is evaporated from the electrolytic cell and sodium is removed from the cathode compartment.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a curable, water-based coating composition utilized in waterborne coating systems. The coating composition is the reaction product of a water-based copolymer prepared by free-radical polymerization, and a cross-linking agent. The copolymer is the reaction product of a first block and a second block. The first block is the reaction product of a first ethylenically unsaturated monomer, acrylic acid, and a second ethylenically unsaturated monomer, methyl methacrylate, as wells as the reaction product of a vinylaromatic hydrocarbon monomer, diphenylethylene. The second block is the reaction product of a plurality of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, styrene, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, and carbonate-modified glycidyl methacrylate including a carbonate functional group.

Abstract: Process for preparing polymers which are water-soluble or water-dispersible or which, if consisting of monomers with neutralizable radicals, are soluble in water or dispersible in water in neutralized form, by subjecting (a) ethylenically unsaturated monomers to free-radical polymerization in the presence of (b) polyalkylene oxide-containing silicone derivatives.

Abstract: The present invention concerns films provided with several layers, characterised by the fact that: (A) the surface of a 10-500 &mgr;m thick plastic film is coated optinally with a filler composition layer; (B) the surface of the plastic film or filler layer is given at least one pigmented lacquer layer; (C) the pigmented lacquer layer is optionally coated with a transparent plastic film.