Abstract: In steam turbines operated with nozzle group control (3) in part load operation, a swirl cascade (4) is fitted downstream of the control wheel (2) in the flow direction. The partial flows emerging from the control wheel (2) are provided with a distinct swirl in the swirl cascade (4) and released into the transfer duct (9). The full admission reaction blading (7, 8) of the turbine is located at the end of this transfer duct, the flow being directly admitted to a first rotor blade row (7).

Abstract: In the separation and/or reaction of particles, these are heated together with a gaseous carrier medium. Constituents of these particles thus vaporize and form a mixture, while solid constituents remain.A process is to be indicated which enables pollutants adsorbed on the particles to be separated off and/or reacted economically, without an uncontrolled release of residual pollutants to the environment. An apparatus for carrying out the process is also to be provided. This is achieved by mixing the particles and the carrier medium at controlled rates to give a fluidized blend. This blend is heated in a fluidized bed of a heating device in such a way that a mixture is formed. Immediately after the mixture has left the heating device, solid constituents of the mixture are precipitated and the remaining part of the mixture is then passed forward in a closed circulation.

Abstract: A digital measuring instrument which samples at discrete points in time the analog input signals emitted by a measurement transducer of an electrical supply system in a sample and hold circuit. The sampled values are digitized in an analog/digital converter and are then used to determine a system specific quantity such as, for example, the root mean square value or the system frequency. This measuring instrument is suitable for solving the essential measurement value processing tasks occurring in an electrical supply system in a simple manner and with projectable measurement accuracy. This is achieved by the fact that the digital processing unit includes a block for shifting the fundamental and harmonic frequencies to a direct current signal which is proportional to the system specific quantity and a subsequent filter arrangement with a digital low-pass filter for suppressing the frequencies deviating from the direct current signal and a digital band-stop filter for suppressing aliasing frequencies.

Abstract: A flange connection for round waveguides achieves a high-accuracy coaxiality of two round mutually adjoining waveguides (1a, 1b) by means of a radially elastic centering ring (3). The flange connection comprises two independent flange rings (2a, 2b) which are in each case attached to one end of the waveguides (1a, 1b), in which arrangement they are attached so as to be undisplaceable in the axial direction for a construction of the flange connection but to be freely rotatable around the respective waveguide. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the flange rings (2a, 2b) are constructed in such a manner that the flange connection can be joined in the manner of a bayonet lock.

Abstract: In a method for the firm bonding at elevated temperatures of thin, large-area wafers of different thermal expansion the deformations of the laminar bond occurring later during cooling are at least partially compensated by an appropriate pre-deformation in the opposite direction. An apparatus for conducting the method uses the different thermal expansion of a housing (1) and a ring-shaped thermal expansion element (3) to produce the pre-deformation.

Abstract: In a gas-cooled electric machine the cooling-gas supply and removal in the cavity between the laminated stator body and housing is arranged so that the heated cooling gases from the central section of the machine are supplied through separate cooling-gas lines to the ends of the machine and, consequently, to the coolers. In this manner, the individual volumetric flows through the individual zones (I, II, III) of the machine can be partitioned so that an equalization of the temperature level in the longitudinal direction of the machine is achieved.

Abstract: In a signal transmission method, a sequence of equally distributed statistically uncorrelated symbols having a symbol duration T.sub.S is converted, in a transmitter, into a frequency baseband signal by means of a given CPM method, the frequency baseband signal is transmitted to a signal receiver by means of a carrier oscillation and the receiver is synchronized with respect to the frequency baseband signal. The signal receiver is synchronized in such a manner that, in a number N of time windows the starting times of which are displaced by an integral multiple of the symbol duration T.sub.S referred to a given reference time t.sub.R and the length of which in each case corresponds to the symbol duration T.sub.S, the frequency baseband signal is sampled in a number K of subintervals (1A, 1B, 1C, 2A, . . . ) per time window, dispers ions (.sigma..sub.A, .sigma..sub.B, .sigma..sub.C) are calculated for sampled values from subintervals (1A, 2A, 3A, . . . ) corresponding to one another and a sampling time T.sub.

Abstract: A composite gas turbine blade consists of an airfoil (1) in an oxide-dispersion-hardened nickel-based superalloy, in the condition of longitudinally directed coarse columnar crystals, and a shroud plate (6) or a shroud and a root (7), the latter items in a non-dispersion-hardened nickel-based superalloy (cast alloy). The gas turbine blade is manufactured by casting in and casting round, using the non-dispersion-hardened superalloy mentioned, the tip end (2) and root end (3)--provided with depressions (4) and/or protrusions (5)--of the airfoil (1), after preheating the latter to a temperature of between 50.degree. and 300.degree. C. below the solidus temperature of the lowest melting phase of the airfoil material. The casting temperature for this should be a maximum of 100.degree. C. above the liquidus temperature of the highest melting phase of this non-dispersion-hardened alloy. Any melting onto the airfoil (1) and any metallurgical connection is to be avoided.

Abstract: In the method, a process medium (14) is heated in two stages, in which fuel oil and gas premixed with air in a burner device (1) are partially burnt in a preliminary combustion chamber (12) substoichiometrically with an air coefficient (.lambda.) of approximately 0.7. The partially burnt mixture, which is low in nitrogen oxides, reaches a temperature of 1800.degree.-1900.degree. C., heats the process medium (14), which is already preheated to an intermediate temperature, to its final temperature in a heat exchanger (13) with counter-current flow and is cooled to 700.degree.-900.degree. C. In an air injection region (15) of the process heat generator the partially burnt mixture is mixed with quenching air in a stoichiometric ratio with respect to the unburnt fractions and is thereby completely burnt in a secondary combustion chamber (18) during which practically no nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.x) are produced. It reaches a temperature of 900.degree.-1300.degree. C.

Abstract: In an AM broadcast transmitter having a switching amplifier as main modulator (12), an additional modulator (18) is used in the radio frequency circuit in order to achieve a steady 100% modulation at the modulation minima, with the aid of which additional modulator the carrier signal is also modulated at the modulation minima. The LF signal needed for controlling the additional modulator (18) passes through a delay circuit (16) and a correction circuit (17).

Abstract: In a process for the sampling of an electric signal changing over time, an electron beam (12) is deflected laterally and linearly over time and at the same time modulated in its intensity according to the instantaneous amplitude of the electric signal. The electron beam (12) generates on a fluorescent screen (14) a brightness-modulated bar of light, which is preferably sampled with a sensor (15) arranged ahead of the fluorescent screen (14) in the form of a CCD line camera having a linear array of sensor elements (15a, b, c).The read-out analog sampled values of the sensor (15) are subsequently digitized and further processed.The advantage of the process is its high broad-bandedness and resolution and the capability of being able to carry out an averaging without additional expenditure of time.

Abstract: During a signal transmission process, digital data are reproduced in a transmitter in accordance with a given process for the continuous phase modulation of a carrier wave (CPM) in a time-dependent envelope curve, the envelope curve is transmitted by the carrier wave via a channel with a given unit pulse response, an additive, white Gaussian noise being superimposed, the digital data are sent through a channel-specific filter and sampled in a receiver, and a sequence of estimated symbols is determined with an optimization algorithm.

Abstract: In a displacement machine for compressible media on the spiral principle, the rotor disk (2) terminates radially flush with the displacement strips (3, 3'). So that the disk (2) can pass through the housing, in the inlet region (12, 12') of the machine the inner web (18, 18') of one housing half (7) is lowered by the amount of the disk thickness. To prevent leaks during the operation of the machine, the transition (19, 19') between the raised web (17, 17') and the lowered web (18, 18') is made circular. The rounding cooperates with a clearance (20, 20') in the form of an arc of a circle in the disk (2). Machines of this type are especially suitable for the supercharging of internal-combustion engines.

Abstract: In a power semiconductor component having a so-called "recessed-gate" structure on the cathode side, the large-area control structure consisting of cathode fingers (1) and a lower-lying gate level (2) is divided into a plurality of small-area control zones (25a, 25b) which in each case by themselves are soldered to a cathode block (13a, 13b). This creates high-power components without the possibility of excessive thermal stresses occurring during load cycles.

Abstract: A method for demodulating an FM signal (FM=Frequency Modulation), in which the FM signal is directly mixed down into an in-phase and a quadrature component of a complex frequency baseband and a modulation signal is determined from a phase relationship of the complex frequency baseband signal, and the phase relationship is determined from a curve length of the frequency baseband signal. The curve length is approximated by a length of a polygon curve which is spanned by successive sampled values of the complex frequency baseband signal. An estimated radius of an envelope curve of the complex frequency baseband is preferably used for normalizing the curve length. A signal receiver according to the invention comprises a direct converter (2), AC-coupled amplifiers (5a, 5b), a demodulator (6a) and a loudspeaker (8).

Abstract: In an adjustable vacuum condenser, in which two interengaging electrode systems are arranged in a vacuum-tight housing, the upper electrode system of which is displaceably connected with the cover of the housing via a set of bellows serving as current feed, the interfering self-inductivity is reduced by adapting the outside diameter of the set of bellows and the inside diameter of the electrically conducting jacket surrounding the set of bellows to one another.

Abstract: In a method for manufacturing an alloy contact between a wafer-shaped semiconductor substrate (4) and a metal contact wafer (6) a material bond for which the alloy layer reaches only slightly into the interior of the semiconductor substrate (4) is achieved by individually heating the layer arrangement of semiconductor substrate (4) and contact wafer (6) and by means of thermal radiation in a vacuum and by using panel heating elements (13, 17) whose area is larger than the area of the layer arrangement.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a burner system, in particular for a gas turbine, with a main supply channel (2), debouching into a combustion chamber (1), for a fuel/air mixture having a swirler (5) and a burner lance (3) which passes through the swirler (5). To improve the transverse ignition properties between several such burner systems, optionally disposed on the burner chamber (1), and also to increase the flame stability, the burner lance (3) has, on the combustion chamber side with respect to the swirler (5) exit openings (12, 16) for fuel supplied to its interior or for a fuel-rich fuel/air mixture supplied to, or formed in, its interior.

Abstract: In a method of replacing a machine part (5a, 5b) of a machine installation whose essential interconnected machine parts are arranged on a common base plate (7) which is secured in the ground by individual supports (8), a purpose-built base plate (7b) is produced in a preparatory phase, on an adjacent foundation slab (12), for the newly to be connected machine part (5b). On this base plate the machine part (5b) is provided with mountings, undergoes final assembly, is aligned and has all its functions tested. In a replacement phase, the machine part (5a) to be replaced is disconnected from the remaining machine part, its base plate section (7a) is servered from that (7) of the remaining machine part and from the individual supports (8) and it is displaced onto an auxiliary structure. The structural unit comprising the "machine part/base plate newly to be connected" (7b, 5b) is displaced by hydraulic means to take the place of the severed base plate.

Abstract: A magnetic coil arrangement for fusion reactors, wherein toroidal field coils and poloidal field coils are combined, the current paths of the toroidal field coils being led helically around the central axis of the fusion reactor at an angle of contact adapted to the requirements in each case. The current paths of the toroidal coils in this way generate at the same time a poloidal field. This achieves an energy saving with the same reactor parameters. Furthermore, the coil system can be supplemented with additional integrated or independent toroidal and poloidal field coils.