Abstract: In a semiconductor component, which has various differently doped layers (2, 3, 4, 5) within a semiconductor substrate, an improvement of the electrical properties is achieved, wherein the thickness of the substrate in the current-carrying region is locally reduced by a deep etch well (10), the original mechanical stability of the semiconductor substrate largely remaining retained.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a generator concept by means of which, in particular, the effects of so-called nuclear electromagnetic pulses on electrical or electronic devices can be simulated by applying the so-called current injection technique. In the context of the generator concept according to the invention, in particular, a pneumatically controllable very fast spark gap is disclosed. Furthermore, a generator circuit having two spark gaps (40, 41) is disclosed which is capable of generating a voltage pulse having an amplitude which is four times as large as the voltage of its voltage supply. With the exception of the spark gaps, the components 42-49) of the generator circuit only need to be designed for the above voltage of the voltage supply with respect to their continuous loading. The generator circuit according to the invention, in particular in conjunction with the spark gap according to the invention, allows a very fast efficient pulse generator to be constructed.

Abstract: A gas-blast circuit breaker has two switching elements disposed in a casing filled with arc-extinguishing gas and capable of being brought into or out of engagement with each other along one axis. One of these two switching elements defines an arc-extinguishing jet nozzle and can be guided during switching-off through a heating chamber. The heating chamber stores which is formed by heating up arc-extinguishing gas pressurized gas by means of a switching arc. When low currents are switched, a comparatively high pressure is built up in the heating chamber. On the other hand, a relatively low pressure develops during switching of large currents.

Abstract: In a controllable power semiconductor component which consists of a plurality of parallel-connected individual elements disposed adjacently to one another, the control contacts of which are connected to a common gate, different line resistances between gate and control contacts are compensated in order to achieve a uniform loading on all individual elements.In a GTO thyristor, the compensation is preferably achieved by adjusting the gate trough resistance (R.sub.G) in the p-type base (3) between gate contact (5) and n-type emitter (2).

Abstract: In this method of lengthening the blade aerofoil (5) of turbo machines by building up with weld in the assembled condition of the blades, the position (4) to be welded at the end of the blade aerofoil (5) is encased by a metal mold (1,2). The mold (1,2) has a connection (3) where one pole of the welding circuit is connected. The end (4) of the blade aerofoil is lengthened or repaired by applying runs of weld. The mold (1,2) can be optionally supplemented with heating and/or cooling arrangements and also with a protective gas supply.

Abstract: The resonance atomizer (4) of the burner facility has, as main components, a resonator ring (16) and a resonator cone (23), which each have an annular groove (25+24, respectively), which together form a resonance chamber (24+25). By a plurality of spacer strips (26) on the resonator ring (16), the resonator ring (16) and the resonator cone (23) are held apart by a distance which creates an annular inflow duct (27) for the oil/atomizing air mixture and outflow ducts (28) on the combustion space side for this mixture atomized in the resonance chamber (24+25). Between the components (16, 23) forming the resonator chamber (24+25) and the oil nozzle (7) there is an atomizing cross (17) with a baffle plate (19).

Abstract: The gas-blast breaker exhibits two contact members (1, 2) which are located in a housing filled with insulating gas and can be brought into and out of engagement with one another along an axis (5), and an insulating material nozzle (4) through the nozzle constriction (6) of which an arc burns during a switching process. The nozzle constriction (6) is formed by several segments (7) which follow one another in the circumferential direction, can be moved in the radial direction and can be loaded with a centripetally acting force.In this gas-blast breaker, the cross-section of the nozzle constriction (6) which is effective during a switching process is intended to be largely independent of the number of switching processes performed and causing nozzle erosion.

Abstract: Flanged onto the air casing (6) of a free-running pressure wave supercharger for an internal combustion engine is an electric motor (10a) whose shaft (28) is effectively connected to the rotor shaft (8) via a free-wheel overrunning clutch (9a) with engagement rollers (27) as the engagement bodies. In order to start a supercharged internal combustion engine, the electric motor (10a) accelerates the cell rotor (2) (in the case of a diesel engine, for example, during the short preheating period) to a rotational speed which ensures a functioning pressure wave process immediately after the diesel engine starts. The cell rotor (2) is then further accelerated by the exhaust gases of the diesel engine and then releases itself from the drive connection with the electric motor (10a), which has been put out of operation in the meantime.

Abstract: A method for purifying industrial waste water by direct oxidation of the organic pollutants in an electrochemical cell the anode of which contains, in its active part or in any intermediate layer present, neither noble metals in any form nor PbO.sub.2 nor graphite, but instead comprises in this part exclusively SnO.sub.2 which is doped with F, Cl, Sb, Mo, W, Nb, Ta or with a mixture of at least two of these elements. The anode has an oxygen overvoltage which is higher than that of a PbO.sub.2 comparison anode and reaches the value of at least 1.85 V at a current density of 0.1 mA/cm.sup.2 in 1 normal H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 under a pressure of 1 bar at a temperature of 20.degree. C. in the presence of a Pt counterelectrode.

Abstract: A process for breaking down organic substances and/or microbes in pretreated feed water for high-purity recirculation systems using ozone which is generated in the anode space (5) of an electrochemical cell (3) and treated with ultraviolet rays and/or with H.sub.2 (8) generated in the cathode space (6) of the same cell (3) or H.sub.2 (20) supplied from outside. The latter is used to reduce elementary oxygen in any form to harmless water. Post treatment via mixed bed (14) and filter (15). Possibility of feeding back water (19) downstream of the receiver (17). No harmful reaction products.

Abstract: The device according to the invention exhibits a TEM waveguide (1), which opens out in a pyramid shape and which is closed by a wall (7) of high-frequency peak absorbers (7.1) and which exhibits an asymmetrically disposed, plate-shaped inner line (6), which is connected to a plurality of terminal resistors (8.1, 8.2, 8.3) through the absorber wall (7). The TEM waveguide (1) further exhibits a closed outer line (5). The absorber wall (7) is curved in the manner of a spherical segment, the center of curvature being situated in the region of the tip (2) of the pyramid-shaped TEM waveguide (1).

Abstract: The high-power radiator comprises a discharge space (12) bounded by a metal electrode (8), cooled on one side, and a dielectric (9). The discharge space (12) is filled with a noble gas or gas mixture. Both the dielectric (9) and the other electrode situated on the surface of the dielectric (9) facing away from the discharge space (12) are transparent for the radiation generated by quiet electric discharges. In this manner, a large-area UV radiator with high efficiency is created which can be operated at high electrical power densities of up to 50 kW/m.sup.2 of active electrode surface.

Abstract: In a method for the firm bonding at elevated temperatures of thin, large-area wafers of different thermal expansion the deformations of the laminar bond occurring later during cooling are at least partially compensated by an appropriate pre-deformation in the opposite direction. An apparatus for conducting the method uses the different thermal expansion of a housing (1) and a ring-shaped thermal expansion element (3) to produce the pre-deformation.

Abstract: A green pressed article of high strength and of low relative density, formed from a heat-resistant aluminum alloy of the Al/Fe/X or Al/Cr/X type, where X is Ti, Ce, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Cr, Mo or W, is produced by a powder-metallurgical process, wherein an alloy melt is atomized to form fine particles by means of an inert gas jet, with which 0.5 to 2% by volume of oxygen is admixed, and the powder produced in this manner is compacted. Nitrogen, argon or helium can be employed as inert gas. The green pressed article is preferably formed from a small proportion of coarser, non-spherical particles and a greater proportion of finer, spherical particles.

Abstract: A workpiece produced from a corrosion- and oxidation-resistant Ni/Al/Si/B alloy, which possesses simultaneously good high-temperature strength and high ductility, is produced by casting an alloy containingAl=12 to 23 atom-%,Si=1 to 12 atom-%,B=0.1 to 2 atom-%, withAl+Si+B being=24 atom-%, andNi=remainderinto a cast ingot, heat treating at 1,100.degree. C./60 h in argon and subsequent isothermal forging between 1,050.degree. and 1,150.degree. C. until a deformation of .epsilon.=1.6 is reached at a deformation rate of .epsilon.=6.times.10.sup.-5 s.sup.-1, where ##EQU1## with h.sub.o =original height of the workpiece,h.sub.f =height of the workpiece after deformation.

Abstract: Blading for a rotating thermal machine consists of an airfoil (1), a root (4) and a shroud plate (5) or a shroud, the tip (2) of the airfoil (1) having a spigot-type step (11) with a semi-circular groove (12) extending around the whole periphery of its generated surface. The shroud plate (5) or the shroud has a recess corresponding to the step (11) with a semi-circular groove (8) extending around the complete periphery. At least one piece of a firmly seated heat-resisting wire (10) is located in the circular duct formed by the grooves (8, 12) as the fastening element between the components (1, 5). The blading is manufactured by pushing and/or pulling the wire (10) sideways into the duct formed by the grooves (8, 12).

Abstract: A component made of nodular cast iron is joined to a component made of steel by means of fusion welding, a Fe alloy containing 2 to 4% by weight of silicon and seeding materials for the purpose of globular carbon precipitation in the welding zone being used as filler. Advantageously, the nodular cast iron component is provided beforehand with a build-up welding with Si-alloyed filler or with an unalloyed filler now alloyed with such a Si-alloyed filler, whereupon the weld joining to the steel component can be carried out with conventional iron electrodes.Preferred Si-alloyed filler:C=0.01-0.12% by weight,Mn=0.2-1.5% by weight,Si=1-4% by weight,Al=0.005-0.1% by weight,Mo=0.2-0.7% by weight,Ce=0.0001-0.02% by weight,Mg=0.0001-0.01% by weight,Zr=0.01-0.7% by weight,S=0.006% by weight max.,P=0.01% by weight max.

Abstract: Method of manufacturing a workpiece of any given cross-sectional dimensions from an oxide-dispersion-hardened nickel-based superalloy available in the form of coarse-grained longitudinally directed columnar crystals by connecting previously very finely machined workpiece parts derived from a semi-finished product by diffusion-bonding using hot isostatic pressing, the workpiece parts being first heat-treated under a protective gas in the temperature range of 50.degree. to 100.degree. C. below the recrystallization temperature, under a pressure p.sub.k of not more than 5 MPa with the machined surfaces to be connected joined together, the workpiece then being heated at least to a critical temperature T.sub.K, above which no further cold working takes place, and the pressure then being gradually increased to the diffusion bonding pressure p.sub.max of 100 to 300 MPa with simultaneous increase in temperature are a heating rate of not more of 2.degree. C./min to the diffusion bonding temperature T.sub.D of 0 to 50.

Abstract: In a shaft seal for hydrogen-cooled, turbo-generators, the operating requirements for a minimum gas-side leakage flow without secondary liquid circuit and cooling of the entire axial ring length are fulfilled either with choke elements (8) or with an inner transfer of sealing liquid from the gas side (G) to the air side (L) so that this shaft seal can function with a single sealing liquid circuit as a so-called single-circuit seal in parameter areas which are at present still the preserve of a multi-circuit seal.

Abstract: An optoelectronic displacement sensor for the absolute measurement of displacement in the sub-micrometer range is described, which is constructed, according to an exemplary embodiment, with a light-emitting diode (L) as light source and two photodiodes (D1, D2), which are arranged in a difference circuit and which are opposite to one another, as radiation sensors. The sensing of displacement takes place by means of a diaphragm (2), which is displaceable between light source and radiation sensors and which influences the illumination received by of the photodiodes (D1, D2). For the homogenization of the illumination, special means are provided, which, according to an exemplary embodiment, consist of a correction filter (6) disposed in the beam path.