Abstract: A device for controlling an opening cross section in the combustion cylinder of an internal combustion engine is provided, the device having a gas exchange valve integrated into the combustion cylinder and having an actuator which drives the valve element to execute a closing stroke and an opening stroke. A valve brake which is active during a residual closing stroke of the valve element is provided for the purpose of reducing the impact velocity of the valve closure member of the valve element on the valve seat in the closing stroke of the valve element. The valve brake has a hydraulic damping element with a fluid displacement volume which flows out through a throttle cross section of a throttle opening, and a control unit for controlling the throttle cross section as a function of the viscosity of the displacement volume.

Abstract: A brake booster comprising an envelope (2) having a longitudinal axis (X) formed of a first (4) and of a second (6) shell to define an interior volume divided by moving a skirt into a low-pressure first chamber and a variable-pressure second chamber. A three-way valve (12) actuated by a control rod places the front chamber and the rear chamber in communication at rest and during a braking phase interrupts the communication between the front chamber and the rear chamber and thereafter allows communication of pneumatic fluid at high pressure to the rear chamber. The booster is attached to the master cylinder by a clip-fastening arrangement wherein tabs (52) that radially extend from a sleeve tube (48) are plastically deformable in the radial direction on enter into a passage (54) in a flange (56) of the master cylinder and returning to the initial position when the attachment operation is complete.

Abstract: A method for regulating the supercharging of an internal combustion engine is provided, which method does not require adaptation offset. A manipulated variable is formed from the deviation between a setpoint value of an operating parameter of the internal combustion engine and an actual value of this operating parameter, the manipulated variable having at least one component supplied by an integral action controller. For the integral component, a limit value is specified which is determined from multiple operating parameters of the internal combustion engine. The limit value is adapted by adaptively determining a first of the operating parameters used for determining the limit value as a function of a second operating parameter.

Abstract: An actuator (1) has two parts in the iron circuit and has a simple construction. A short-circuit element (3) has an offset (90), which depending on the position of an armature (9) varies the course (60) of magnetic flux in such a way that over the entire stroke, a constant, high magnetic force is achieved, and thus a shallow course of magnetic force in stroke is attained.

Abstract: A snap ring for shafts or bores is proposed, which is able to be axially fixed in position by snapping into place in a circumferential groove. The snap ring is provided with a centering ring which, when the case of the snap ring is installed in the circumferential groove, extends with radial clearance to an annular clip of the snap ring, which is disposed approximately concentrically to the circumferential groove.

Abstract: A method for the transmission of data using radio transmission systems between transmitter/receiver stations is provided, and a computer for the allocation of radio transmission systems for the transmission of data between transmitter/receiver stations is provided, which serve to select radio transmission systems dynamically, for a communication from at least one transmitter/receiver station, on the basis of a subscriber profile, a location of the one transmitter/receiver station, and/or a speed of the transmitter/receiver station, in order to transmit data between transmitter/receiver stations. A computer in a switching device calculates which radio transmission system best meets the criteria. During a data transmission, it is possible to switch automatically to a further radio transmission system if the transmission quality of the radio transmission system currently being used declines.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for detecting combustion misfires in multi-cylinder internal combustion engines having several simultaneously igniting cylinders wherein, for each crankshaft rotation, rough running values are determined by measuring segment times, the segment times including the times, which correspond to the piston movement of individual cylinders after their ignition time point, wherein the crankshaft passes through an associated circular segment angular region. A combustion misfire is determined in the affected crankshaft circular segment regions from the determined rough running values LUT for crankshaft segment regions having several simultaneously igniting cylinders via a desired value comparison to a threshold value SW2, which is lower in value than the threshold value SW1 for the misfire check in crankshaft segment regions having individually igniting cylinders.

Abstract: During a start, particularly during a cold start, of an internal combustion engine without additional auxiliary drive, a precisely metered fuel mass is introduced into a combustion chamber. In the case of an internal combustion engine having direct fuel injection, a rail pressure prevailing in a high-pressure accumulator is frequently only insufficiently built up during a start, which has an unfavorable effect on the mixture formation. To improve the start performance of the internal combustion engine, the injection pressure available in the high-pressure accumulator is monitored during the start, and fuel from the high-pressure accumulator is first injected into the at least one combustion chamber when the injection pressure has reached or exceeded a specifiable threshold value. This ensures that the rail pressure is high enough, in order to inject a sufficient quantity of fuel into the combustion chamber so that an ignitable air/fuel mixture is formed.

Abstract: An electrical assembly including an electrical circuit situated in a housing, and a method for the manufacture of such an assembly, in which the electrical circuit is covered at least partially with a protective layer, wherein the protective layer has first and second regions having different hardnesses, so that the protective layer can be optimized with respect to mechanical and thermal loading capacity.

Abstract: A device for monitoring the environment of a vehicle being parked, which is used for reliably detecting objects in the way, and which makes it possible to calculate parking maneuvers. The device includes at least one video camera having laterally arranged object-detection sensors, which cover areas that are not recorded by the video camera. In this manner, the driver can be supplied in a simple manner with warnings, even though a putative obstacle is not detectable in the video image.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for optical distance measurement, in particular a handheld device, having at least one light source (50, 52), disposed in a housing (10) of the device, for generating an optical measurement signal, and having a first user input unit (12) with at least one user control function (24) for emitting a modulated, optical measurement signal for the sake of a distance measurement. According to the invention it is proposed that the device has at least one further user input unit (18) for emitting an optical signal (42).

Abstract: The invention relates to a circuit arrangement and a method for operating an electric motor in a direct voltage source, in particular for operating a permanent-magnet-excited DC motor in the direct voltage network of a motor vehicle, having a rotary position transducer (32) for detecting the rotary position of the rotor (20), and having an electronic commutation controller (32) for switching over the current in the armature winding of the stator (12) as a function of the position of the rotor (20). It is proposed that the rotary position transducer (32) is positioned relative to the stator (12) for an early commutation, and that the actual commutation time can be set by means of a delay correction, ascertained by measurement separately for each motor (10), in the electronic commutation controller (30).

Abstract: A fuel injection system for internal combustion engines having a fuel injection valve communicating with a high-pressure source includes a control valve, which has a valve body with a longitudinally displaceably guided control piston. The control piston is guided in a bush, which is surrounded at least partly inside the valve body by an annular chamber, which communicates with the high-pressure source.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for adjusting the torque output of a power train of a motor vehicle. An engine is connected to the input end of a continuously variable belt-type transmission. The output end of the belt-type transmission is operably connected to the drivable wheels of a motor vehicle. Open-loop torque control for the power train of the motor vehicle is effected based on specific operating states of the power train and the mechanical tension acting on the belt of the continuously variable belt-type transmission.

Abstract: For measuring the injection quantity (Vm) of injection systems (18), in particular in internal combustion engines, test fluid (22) is injected by the injection system (18) into a measurement chamber (12). To increase the precision and stability of the measurement, the volume of the measurement chamber (12) is kept constant during the injection. Moreover, a gas volume (Vg) is present in the measurement chamber (12). The injected volume (Vm) of test fluid (22) is ascertained from the pressure change (dP) in the measurement chamber (12) that occurs upon an injection of test fluid (22). The ascertainment of the injected volume (Vm) is done by means of the state equation for ideal gases.

Abstract: A cylinder-piston drive, e.g., an hydraulically controlled actuator for actuating a gas-exchange valve of an internal combustion engine, has an operating piston that is displaceable inside a cylinder and delimits pressure chambers by piston sides facing away from one another. The operating piston has a multipart design and is made up of at least two partial pistons that are placed inside one another, are displaceable relative to each other and strike against one another at stop faces. One pressure chamber is delimited by all, and the other pressure chamber is delimited by only a part, of the partial pistons and the sliding paths of the partial pistons not delimiting the other pressure chamber may be reduced compared to the overall sliding path of the operating piston. At least one stop face, arranged on the cylinder, may be provided against which a stop face of one of the partial pistons strikes after traveling the reduced sliding path.

Abstract: A method and a device for monitoring data and the transmission of data between at least one first control unit and one second control unit are provided. The at least two control units have a first program level, to which are allocated programs which calculate the control function, as well as a second program level including programs that monitor the functional reliability of the programs of the first program level. The first control unit is connected to at least one component which may be used to acquire data, for example, controlled variables. The data acquired by the component or further data determined with this data may be transmitted from the first control unit to the second control unit over a single connection in a secure manner, and the data and the data transmission are secured separately in the first and second program levels such that errors in the data and the data transmission may be detected.

Abstract: A spark plug includes at least one ground electrode with a reduced temperature level. The spark plug encompasses a tubular metallic housing that has, at the combustion-chamber end, an outer rim on which at least one ground electrode is positioned. The cross-sectional area of the at least one ground electrode increases toward the outer rim of the housing.

Abstract: A built-in unit (10) for a transmission control of a motor vehicle has a substrate plate (11), on which stamped grids (21, 22) are secured. The stamped grids electrically connect sensors and regulating elements with a control apparatus, which likewise is secured to the substrate plate (11). The individual conductor tracks (23, 24) of the stamped grids (21, 22) are fixed to one another by means of reinforcing elements, or injection-molded parts (25 through 28). Additional expanding mandrels (30) and expanding dowels (36) are provided on the reinforcing elements (25 through 28), whereby the expanding dowels project into openings (42) in the substrate plate (11). By means of the inventive construction of the reinforcing elements (25 through 28), a secure attachment of the stamped grids (21, 22) to the substrate plate (11) is made possible.

Abstract: In a method for side impact sensing in a vehicle, a side impact is recognized using acceleration signals, the acceleration signals from the left and right sides of the vehicle being subtracted from one another, integrated or added up, and the triggering threshold is formed as a function of this differential acceleration signal. If the integrated differential acceleration signal exceeds this threshold, a side impact is recognized.