Abstract: A duplex polarization adaptive system is described. The system provides polarization diversity for base station antennas under both receive and transmitting conditions. Since the base station provides polarization diversity in both transmit and receive modes, no polarization diversity is needed in the handheld unit. Even though the handheld unit does not provide polarization diversity, a duplex communication system, that uses polarization diversity for both the uplink and the downlink is provided, because the base station provides polarization diversity for the uplink and the downlink paths. By installing the two-way diversity at the base station, the overall cost of implementing diversity is reduced because one base station can typically serve many handsets. The base station antenna determines the polarization state of signals received from a remote unit, such as a handheld unit, using a polarization diverse antenna system. The base station then transmits using the same polarization state.

Abstract: A bandgap reference voltage circuit is provided that substantially prevents noise sensitivity. The bandgap reference voltage circuit includes an operational amplifier, transistors, and a resistive element on one input of the operational amplifier. The resistive element substantially prevents noise from creating a non-zero mean change in current across one of the transistors. Thus, the resistive element substantially precludes noise from being rectified by a transistor, so that the output reference voltage of the bandgap reference voltage circuit is substantially stable and fixed.

Abstract: A speech recognition training system that provides for model generation to be used within speaker dependent speech recognition systems requiring very limited training data, including single token training. The present invention provides a very fast and reliable training method based on the segmentation of a speech signal for subsequent estimating of speaker dependent word models. In addition, the invention provides for a robust method of performing end-point detection of a word contained within a speech utterance or speech signal. The invention is geared ideally for speaker dependent speech recognition systems that employ word-based speaker dependent models. The invention provides the end-point detection method is operable to extract a desired word or phrase from a speech signal that is recorded in varying degrees of undesirable background noise. In addition, the invention provides a simplified method of building the speaker dependent models using a simplified hidden Markov modeling method.

Abstract: A communications device configured to receive FSK-encoded CLASS caller ID information is also configured to exchange FSK-encoded data with a peer device over a channel previously established between the two devices. In one embodiment, the channel is a voice channel previously established between the two devices.

Abstract: The invention is a method of receiving digital data from a Local Switching Office (LSO) on first party equipment that is communicating, in an off-hook state, via the LSO with second party equipment. The method presumes that the first party equipment has a telephone line interface that interfaces with a telephone line and an acoustic transducer interface with a loudspeaker and a microphone.

Abstract: A transfer function generator which generates an output that is a cubic function of the input for use in low voltage, high frequency applications. The cubic function generator creates a signal path through high speed npn devices, thereby allowing the use of high frequencies. Further, the topography of the cubic function generator requires a voltage drop across only two semiconductor devices, thereby allowing use of the circuit in low voltage applications.

Abstract: An envelope feedforward technique is described that provides efficient, variable-power, linear amplification of an input signal. An input signal having phase and amplitude components is separated (decomposed) into an FM portion and an envelope portion. The FM portion contains the high frequency phase and frequency information from the input signal. The envelope portion contains the low frequency amplitude information from the input signal. An envelope combiner uses the envelope signal to amplitude-modulate the FM signal to produce an output signal. Spectral regrowth of the output signal is reduced by adjusting the relative time delays in the signal path of the envelope signal and the FM signal such that the FM signal and the envelope signal arrive at the envelope combiner at the same time. The envelope feedforward technique may be used to increase battery life in a handheld mobile RF unit such as a cellular telephone.

Abstract: An improved two-point equalizer training technique for use with V.90 modem systems utilizes a number of scaling parameters to enable the compensation of robbed bit signaling (RBS) effects in a manner that is decoupled from the compensation of analog impairments in the data communication channel. The preferred technique employs six scaling parameters corresponding to the six RBS phases typically associated with practical V.90 systems. One of the scaling parameters is fixed at a value of one to simplify the computational load associated with the adaptive training algorithms. The decision error is utilized to adaptively adjust the equalizer filter taps and the scaling parameters. The techniques of the present invention may be used to initially train the equalizer resident at the analog client modem and/or to initially train the echo canceler resident at the digital server modem.

Abstract: A system and method for minimizing power dissipation in a battery-operated mobile unit by adaptively controlling a voltage converter to provide a variable power supply voltage to a transmitter. In the preferred embodiment, the voltage converter is coupled to receive a source voltage from a battery, and is coupled to provide operating power to the transmitter or the power amplifier. The voltage converter is also coupled to receive a control signal from a controller, which adaptively activates the voltage converter to transform the source voltage to a converted voltage, or deactivates the voltage converter so as to directly apply the source voltage to the transmitter. Power dissipation is therefore minimized when conversion functions of the voltage converter are deactivated when voltage conversion is unnecessary.

Abstract: In one exemplary embodiment, the disclosed VLIW processor comprises a number of threads where each thread includes a processing unit. For example, there can be two threads, where each of the two threads has its own processing unit. According to this exemplary embodiment, a number of VLIW packets are divided into a number of issue groups. As an example, two VLIW packets are divided into two issue groups each. The first issue group in the first VLIW packet is provided to a first thread for execution in the first thread processing unit during a first clock cycle. Concurrently, the first issue group in the second VLIW packet is provided to a second thread for execution in the second thread processing unit during the same clock cycle, i.e. during the first clock cycle. Moreover, the second issue group in the first VLIW packet is provided to the first thread for execution in the first thread processing unit during a second clock cycle.

Abstract: A system and method for extending the range of a base unit is disclosed. The system can include repeaters and/or network decoders, each of which is housed in a network module. The network module includes a first portion for insertion into a powered outlet. The first portion receives power from the powered outlet. The network module further includes a second portion for receiving a powered device, and an electronic housing that is coupled to the first and second portions. The electronic housing encloses an electronic unit for receiving power from the first portion and selectively providing power to the second portion. The electronic unit can also include a repeater for receiving commands and re-broadcasting the commands, and/or an active network device for receiving commands, decoding the commands, and controlling at least one device based on the command. The electronic unit can receive signals and transmit signals via a wired connection or a wireless link.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a novel scheme of performing frequency domain filtering that does not require a Hilbert transform and which is faster than equivalent FIR filtering schemes. Such a scheme has applications in implementing filters in voice band modems on OSP platforms and in numerous other applications as well. The scheme of the present invention is shown to be superior in term of CPU resource consumption and memory storage space when compared with an equivalent implementation using prior art time domain convolution techniques. The scheme of the present invention permits the delay buffer in the far end echo canceler to store the signal in real format rather than complex format, thus reducing memory requirements by half. The present invention implements a real to analytic fast convolution in the frequency domain which uses zero CPU resources.

Abstract: An improved phase noise tracker comprising a first rotator, delayed second rotator and feedback loop coupled to the first and second rotators. The feedback loop further comprises a phase error detector and low-pass filter. The phase error detector estimates a phase error value of the first rotator's output, and the low-pass filter smooths out the output of the phase error detector by accumulating previous estimated phase error values from the phase error detector. The output of the feedback loop, from the low-pass filter's output, is fedback to a phase control input of the first rotator to control the phase rotation of the first rotator. The feedback loop's output is fed to a phase control input of the delayed second rotator to control its phase rotation. Therefore, the improved phase noise tracker tracks phase noise based on both previous and future phase error values, which more accurately corrects for phase noise.

Abstract: A multiband phone capable of transmitting a signal within a plurality of distinct frequency bands having a single wide frequency range power detecting device capable of measuring the power of the transmitted signal over all of the plurality of frequency bands. The multiband phone includes multiple power amplifiers, where each power amplifier amplifies the power of a signal transmitted within a different frequency band. A power amplifier controller is provided for controlling the amount of amplification performed by the power amplifiers, where a switching device switches the connection of the power amplifier controller to a selected power amplifier. The single wide frequency range power detecting device is connected to the output of the all of the power amplifiers through a switching device, where the switching device connects the power detecting device to the particular power amplifier selected for transmission.

Abstract: A vector quantizer (VQ) table is arranged in increasing order with regard to a gc gain value (as may be represented by a prediction error energy En). The single stage VQ table is then organized into two-dimensional bins, with each bin arranged in increasing order of a gp gain value. A one-dimensional auxiliary scalar quantizer is constructed from the largest prediction error energy values from each bin. The prediction error energy values in the auxiliary scalar quantizer are arranged in increasing order of magnitude. In order to quantize input gain values, the auxiliary scalar table is searched for the best prediction error energy match. The VQ table bin corresponding to the best match in the auxiliary table is then searched for the best En and gp match. Nearby bins may also be searched for a more optimal combination. The selected best match is used to quantize the input gain values.

Abstract: A speech encoding comb codebook structure for providing good quality reproduced low bit-rate speech signals in a speech encoding system. The codebook structure requires minimal training, if any, and allows for reduced complexity and memory requirements. The codebook includes a first and at least one additional sub-codebooks, each having a plurality of code-vectors. The codebook may be randomly populated. All even elements may be set to zero in a first codebook, and all odd elements may be set to zero on a second codebook. The resulting comb codebook includes code-vector combination of the code-vectors from the sub-codebooks. In certain embodiments, the code-vectors of the sub-codebooks may contain zero valued elements. In other embodiments where the code-vectors of the sub-codebooks contain only non-zero elements, zero valued elements may be inserted in between the non-zero elements of the sub-codebooks during the forming of the resultant comb codebook.

Abstract: In one embodiment a precursor gas for growing a polycrystalline silicon-germanium region and a single crystal silicon-germanium region is supplied. The precursor gas can be, for example, GeH4. The polycrystalline silicon-germanium region can be, for example, a base contact in a heterojunction bipolar transistor while the single crystal silicon-germanium region can be, for example, a base in the heterojunction bipolar transistor. The polycrystalline silicon-germanium region can be grown in a mass controlled mode at a certain temperature and a certain pressure of the precursor gas while the single crystal silicon-germanium region can be grown, concurrently, in a kinetically controlled mode at the same temperature and the same pressure of the precursor gas. The disclosed embodiments result in controlling the growth of the polycrystalline silicon-germanium independent of the growth of the single crystal silicon-germanium.

Abstract: In modern display systems, such as cable boxes, there is often a requirement to create displays with several windows containing independent content. The content may come from different programs running within the system and may also come from real time video inputs such as satellite TV signals, DVD players, cable companies, and the like. In such applications the on screen display can be created on a line by line basis. Often the display lines can be created as they are being used. To create these display lines it is necessary to sequence the data to the display in the order which it will be displayed. To sequence the data to the display in the order which it will be displayed the windows must be sorted by their position on the screen. To sort the windows by their position on the screen such methods as doing a bubble sort of the window's starting coordinates is often used.

Abstract: A direct conversion receiver comprising a preprocessor coupled to a frequency translator which, in one implementation, is a modified Gilbert mixer. In one embodiment, the preprocessor imparts desired characteristics to split-phase signals received from a local oscillator, including transition points which are determined by crossings through a DC offset, substantial symmetry about a DC offset, and steep transitions about the transition points. In one embodiment, the period of the signals from the local oscillator is divided into portions, and only one of the output signals from the preprocessor is asserted in a predefined state at a time, the predefined state determined effective to reverse polarity of the mixer, signals and a related frequency translator which is responsive to the signals. The frequency translator has a first input at a first input frequency, and at least one second input at a second frequency.

Abstract: An integrated circuit comprising a relatively simple high voltage tolerant output circuit that may be placed in a high impedance state (i.e., tri-stated) when the voltage at a corresponding signal connection point reaches a predetermined voltage reflecting a logic high level. In one embodiment of the invention, the output circuit is responsive to assertion of a control signal to selectively enter a high impedance state. The control signal is asserted by a control circuit following the detection of a logic high signal of a predetermined duration at the external signal connection point. The predetermined duration may correspond to transmission line delays of a signal line driven by the output circuit. For example, the delay in placing the output circuit in a high impedance state may correspond to the length of time needed to allow transmission line reflections to dissipate to an acceptable level.