Abstract: Switch circuitry including an input terminal (1), said input terminal connected to the base of a first transistor (Q1) via a first resistor R3, said first transistor being an NPN Bipolar Gate Transistor (Q1), further comprising a second resistor (R5) connected between the base of said first transistor Q1 and ground, and including an output line or terminal (3) connected to the collector of said first transistor (Q1), and wherein the emitter of said first transistor (Q1) is connected to ground (earth), said circuitry further including a second transistor (Q2), said second transistor being a PNP Bipolar Gate Transistor, wherein the collector of said second transistor (Q2) is connected via a third resistor (R8) to the base of said first transistor (Q1), and the emitter of said second transistor Q2 is connected to said input terminal (1), and wherein the emitter of said second transistor (Q2) is additionally connected to the base of said second transistor Q2 via a fourth resistor R11; and the base of said second

Abstract: A method of operating a particulate matter sensor having a pair of spaced apart electrodes and a heater includes accumulating particulate matter on the sensor, thereby changing resistance between the pair of spaced apart electrodes. The particulate matter sensor includes a sensing cycle that includes a deadband zone, followed by an active zone, which is followed by a regeneration zone in which the heater is operated to elevate the temperature of the particulate matter sensor to a first predetermined temperature for a first predetermined time in order to oxidize the particulate matter accumulated on the particulate matter sensor. The method also includes interrupting the sensing cycle with a modified regeneration zone which is either higher in temperature or length than the regeneration zone.

Abstract: An electrical connector is provided to be arranged at the end of an electrical cable for complementary connection of an electro-actuator. The connector has a body defining a passage for the cable. The connector also has a hook to mechanically engage with a complementary feature of the electro-actuator.

Abstract: A fuel system includes a fuel injector having an inlet conduit extending along an axis, a nozzle opening, and a valve needle which is moveable to selectively permit and prevent flow of fuel from the inlet conduit through the nozzle opening. The inlet conduit has a seal support flange which provides a seal support shoulder which is traverse to the axis. A fuel rail assembly includes a fuel rail having a main fuel passage which receives fuel from a fuel source and a socket having a socket bore extending thereinto from a socket open end such that the socket bore is in fluid communication with the main fuel passage and such that the inlet conduit is received within the socket. A sealing ring which is metallic circumferentially surrounds the inlet conduit within the socket bore such that the sealing ring is compressed between the socket bore and the inlet conduit.

Abstract: A fuel pump includes a pump holder having a sidewall extending from a first end to a second end which is closed off by an end wall, the pump holder having a fuel inlet. An upper plate located within the sidewall has an upper plate flow channel. A lower plate located within the sidewall has a lower plate flow channel and an outlet chamber is formed between the lower plate and the end wall. An outlet passage extends from the lower plate flow channel to a lower surface of the lower plate. A pumping element located between the upper plate and the lower plate is rotated by an electric motor such that fuel is drawn through the fuel inlet into, and pressurized within, the upper plate flow channel and the lower plate flow channel and discharged into the outlet chamber through the outlet passage.

Abstract: A fuel system includes a fuel reservoir configured to be located within the fuel tank such that the fuel reservoir defines a fuel reservoir volume which is a subset of a fuel tank volume; a fuel pump configured to pump fuel from within the fuel reservoir volume to the fuel consuming device through a fuel supply line; a jet pump configured to 1) receive excess fuel, through a fuel return line, which had been supplied to the fuel consuming device through the fuel supply line and 2) aspirate fuel into the fuel reservoir volume from the fuel tank volume; and a valve which allows fuel flow in both directions between the fuel return line and the jet pump when a differential pressure across the valve is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A method for modeling a thermal circuit of power inverter includes setting a first input node of the thermal circuit to a first measured temperature. The method also includes setting a second input node of the thermal circuit to a second measured temperature. The method also includes determining at least one thermal characteristic of the thermal circuit using, at least, the first measured temperature. The method also includes determining an operating temperature of the thermal circuit based on the at least one thermal characteristic.

Abstract: A fuel pressure regulator includes a fuel inlet; a fuel outlet; a seating surface; and a valve member assembly. The valve member assembly includes a poppet and also includes a sealing member which is made of an elastomer material and which is annular in shape and including a sealing member surface. The sealing member is supported by the poppet. The valve member assembly is moveable between 1) a closed position in which the sealing member surface engages the seating surface, thereby preventing fuel flow from the fuel inlet to the fuel outlet and 2) an open position in which the sealing member surface is spaced apart from the seating surface, thereby allowing fuel flow from the fuel inlet to the fuel outlet.

Abstract: A fuel connector of a fuel system is adapted to flow fuel, and includes male and female components. The male component includes a plurality of barbs each projecting radially outward, spaced axially from one-another and being circumferentially continuous. The female component includes a plurality of reinforcement rings being in a predefined axial relationship to the respective plurality of barbs when connected.

Abstract: A particulate matter sensor includes a first sensing electrode and a second sensing electrode spaced away from the first sensing electrode such that an electrode gap is formed between the first sensing electrode and the second sensing electrode upon which particulate matter is collected, thereby changing conductance between the first sensing electrode and the second sensing electrode. An ionic conductive material is in electrical communication with the first sensing electrode and the second sensing electrode.

Abstract: An electrical connector includes two lateral mounting bush. A knock sensor which delivers data representative of the operation of a fuel injector is integrally overmoulded in one of the mounting bush. The knock sensor includes a piezoelectric member arranged between a base member and a seismic member.

Abstract: A method for torque split arbitration in a vehicle includes identifying at least one route characteristic of a portion of a route being traversed by the vehicle. The method further includes determining a target torque split based on the at least one route characteristics. The method further includes generating a first output torque demand that corresponds to a product of a first portion of a target torque demand to be provided by a first propulsion unit and a ratio of a total propulsion system torque demand and the target torque demand. The method further includes generating a second output torque demand based on the first output torque demand.

Abstract: A fuel injector includes an upper housing having an outer peripheral surface; a nozzle tip with a nozzle opening which serves as an outlet to fuel from the fuel injector; and a valve needle which is selectively moveable between a first position which prevents fuel flow and a second position which permits fuel flow. The fuel injector also includes an inlet sleeve which includes an inner peripheral surface which circumferentially surrounds, and mates with, the outer peripheral surface of the upper housing. The inlet sleeve is fixed to the upper housing, thereby preventing relative movement between the inlet sleeve and the upper housing. The inlet sleeve includes external threads which are configured to mate with complementary internal threads of a nut which secures a fuel supply conduit to the upper housing.

Abstract: An outlet and pressure relief valve assembly for a fuel pump includes a housing which extends along an axis from an inner end to an outer end. The housing has a bore which extends thereinto along the axis from the inner end. A valve seat is located within the bore and has an end wall which is transverse to the axis and also has a sidewall which is annular in shape and extends away from the end wall. An outlet flow passage extends through the end wall such that the outlet flow passage is centered about the axis. A pressure relief flow passage extends through the end wall such that the pressure relief flow passage is laterally spaced from the outlet flow passage. An outlet valve member is located within the valve seat sidewall and a pressure relief valve member is located between the valve seat and the inner end.

Abstract: An oxygen sensor is in a system including compensator circuitry connected to the oxygen sensor. The oxygen sensor includes a pump cell and the compensator circuitry includes a feedback control loop which includes a digital compensator which determines and outputs a compensation current to the pump cell or adjusts a pump cell voltage. A method of controlling the oxygen sensor includes, subsequent to a period of time when the feedback control loop is disrupted, pumping a balancing current into or out the pump cell for a balancing time interval, the balancing current and/or the balancing time interval is dependent on a current pumped into or out of the pump cell prior to the feedback control loop being disrupted.

Abstract: A method for regulating a power conditioner output voltage level includes monitoring a first voltage level of a first supply source and a second voltage level of a second supply source and, while the power conditioner is being supplied by the first supply source, controlling a duty-cycle of an output switch of the power conditioner with feedback-based control signals generated based on errors between a target voltage level and samples of the output voltage level obtained at an output voltage sampling frequency. The method also includes, controlling, for a period corresponding to the output voltage sampling frequency, the duty-cycle of the output switch with an estimated control signal. The method also includes, while the power conditioner is being supplied by the second supply source, controlling the duty-cycle of the output switch using the feedback-based control signals.

Abstract: A fuel injector test machine is provided such that an injector is fixed on a test feature with a manually operable clamp.

Abstract: An electronic circuit includes a first pin corresponding to a reference signal and a second pin corresponding to an external resistor, the external resistor being connected on a first side to the second pin and connected on a second side to ground. The apparatus also includes a first oscillator having a first frequency loop configured to: receive, via the first pin, the reference signal; receive, via the second pin, a current associated with voltage applied to the external resistor; and lock a first frequency output at a frequency associated with the reference signal. The apparatus also includes a second oscillator having a second frequency loop configured to: receive the first frequency output; scale the frequency of the first frequency output; and lock a second frequency output at the scaled frequency of the first frequency output.

Abstract: A particulate matter sensor includes a sensing element with a first electrode and a second electrode, an inner shield with the sensing element disposed therein, and an outer shield with the inner shield disposed therein. The inner shield includes a first portion with an inner shield inlet and a second portion which is smaller in diameter that the first portion such that the first and second electrodes are within the second portion. The outer shield includes an outer shield inlet which communicates exhaust gases to the inner shield inlet.

Abstract: A resistor-assembly includes a substrate, a heater, a resistor-element, and conductive-leads. The substrate is formed of a ceramic-material. The heater heats the resistor-assembly. The resistor-element is formed of an ion-conducting material that overlies the substrate. The conductive-leads are formed of a catalytic-metal that are in communication with a gas and in electrical contact with the resistor-element. The resistor-element is characterized by a resistance-value influenced by an oxygen-presence in the gas when the resistor-element is heated by the heater such that a resistor-temperature is greater than a temperature-threshold.