Abstract: A novel pitch material made from coal tar pitch has:a) mesophase content of .ltoreq.2%,b) content of toluene-insolubles (.beta.-resin) between 58 and 75%,c) content of quinoline-insolubles of <2%,d) softening point in the 200.degree. to 300.degree. C. range, according to the Kramer-Sarnow (KS) measurement,e) content of volatile matter .ltoreq.20% andf) ash content of .ltoreq.0.06%.The pitch material of high coke yield (80 to beyond 90%) is suitable for the manufacture of molded carbonaceous shapes of high quality and of pitch coke. A further application would be as impregnation agent or bind. The method of making new pitch uses hot filtration in the presence of a filtration and followed by thin-film evaporation.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for reducing nitrogen oxides in flue gas within a flue gas duct includes a number of distributor tubes for the injection of a reducing agent into the flue gas within the duct. Each distributor tube includes a control valve to be able to set an appropriate injection of the reducing agent to respond to different concentrations of the nitrogen oxides within the flue gas over the cross section of the flue gas duct. Each distributor tube comprises at least two parallel distributor tube segments which extend from opposite sides of the flue gas duct to the center of the flue gas duct. The two parallel distribution tube segments include a plurality of openings along the lengths thereof to supply the reducing agent generally evenly throughout their aligned portions of the cross section.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the manufacture of catalysts for the reduction of oxides of nitrogen from exhaust gases and in chemical air cleaning processes in which a catalytically active material containing iron ores, chromium ores and/or zeolite is placed in contact with a carrier means having a series of openings; e.g., wire mesh, expanded or perforated metal or any type of grid-like structure to form a catalytic member. The carrier means is etched with an acid etchant before forming the catalytic member or, instead, the catalytic member is etched with an acid etchant. The catalytic member is bonded by a thermal treatment; e.g., drying, tempering and/or fixing. This invention also relates to catalytic members or products produced by the process. This invention proposes the use of pressure bonding to obtain a catalytic member product which has significantly improved catalytic activity, greater mechanical strength and higher resistance to chipping.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of catalysts for the reduction of nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases or for chemical air cleaning processes, in which catalyst moldings are produced from a mixture of solid primary materials which include iron oxide or mixtures of iron oxide and chromium oxide and/or manganese oxide, which are reduced to grain sizes less than 2 mm, with the use of inorganic binders and sulfuric acid, and with the possible addition of activating additives, wherein:(a) either the mixture of the solid primary materials is reacted with sulfuric acid, a mixture of sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid or mixtures of sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid containing sulfate, hydrogen sulfate, phosphate or hydrogen phosphate of ammonium, aluminum, iron, vanadium, manganese, molybdenum, chromium, copper and/or cobalt, and moldings are formed from this mixture, or the mixture of the solid primary materials is formed into moldings after the addition of fluid and/or phosphoric acid and/or phosphates, and these molding

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the manufacture of catalysts for the reduction of nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases or for chemical air cleaning processes, in which catalyst moldings are produced from iron oxide or mixtures of iron oxide and chromium oxide and/or manganese oxide, which are reduced to grain sizes less than 2 mm, with the use of inorganic binders and sulfuric acid, and with the possible addition of activating additives.

Abstract: In a process for cleaning a waste gas containing various pollutants, the exhaust gas with the pollutants is introduced directly into a reduction reactor. In the reactor, the pollutants are reduced by ammonia. The catalyst used is iron oxide material or a mixed oxide material of iron oxide and chromium oxide, or a mixture of the mixture material of the mixed oxide material and the iron oxide material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyst in the form of a plate for nitrogen oxide reduction in exhaust gases manufactured by molding granular Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 or a mixture of granular Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 with Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 with phosphoric acid or sulphuric acid as binder, characterized by the fact that a combination is molded of separately prepared mixtures of Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 or (Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 +Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3) with phosphoric acid as binder, and of Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 or (Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 +Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3) with sulphuric acid as binder.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of a catalyst for the reduction of nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases. The catalyst contains a metal oxide. The catalyst is preferably used for catalytic reduction with ammonia. The process comprises screening a natural goethite iron ore to the required grain size and then treating the ore with sulfuric acid. Subsequently, the goethite iron ore is heated to a temperature which approximately equals the temperature at which it will be used in the catalytic reaction.

Abstract: In a process for the manufacture of catalyst moldings a natural raw material containing Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 or another such catalyst component such as TiO.sub.2, NbO.sub.2, WO.sub.3, V.sub.2 O.sub.5 or MoO.sub.3 is screened to a grain size equal to or less than approximately 0.25 mm. This screened base mixture is thoroughly blended, and then preferably a concentrated sulphuric acid is added. This mixture of material is then pressed into a molding in a hydraulic press with a pressure of approximately 500 bar to produce the molding.

Abstract: Coke is produced from coal by coking the coal, and optionally by drying and/or preheating the coal prior to coking, and further optionally by dry cooling the coke subsequent to coking. At least the coking step is achieved in a pressure tight container which may be a transportable or tippable container. The coking step is performed in the container by conducting a gas through the container in direct or indirect heat exchange relationship with the coal and forming coke. The coking step includes a phase of lump coke formation achieved by heating the coal in a temperature range of between approximately 250.degree. and 600.degree. C. by indirect heat exchange only.

Abstract: A structure made from catalyst for use in the separation of nitrogen oxides from combustion exhaust gases which contain dust. The catalytic structure has plates with spaces therebetween to carry a flow of the exhaust gas therethrough. The catalyst is constructed of individual ceramic plates. The abrasion or wear resistance of the plates is chosen such that the dust in the exhaust gases flowing through the spaces abrades the plate surface at a rate which is at least equivalent to the deactivation of the catalyst surface by action of the nitrogen oxides, which constantly provides a fresh catalyst surface for reaction with the nitrogen oxides. The movement of the exhaust gas through the catalytic structure carries the dust and abraded material along with it and out of the structure.

Abstract: A process for the removal of nitrogen oxides and soot from exhaust gases from machines and combustion installations burning heavy fuel oil by means of free-passage catalysts at increased temperatures with the addition of ammonia into the exhaust gas stream ahead of the catalysts. To make the process mre effective, the soot adhering to the catalyst surfaces is removed by burning it off and/or by friction resulting from the admixture of sand, ash or similar abrasive mixtures into the exhaust gas stream ahead of the catalysts.

Abstract: A catalyst for use with ammonia for the selective reduction of nitrogen oxides in waste gases. The catalyst comprises a mixture of substances which has high activity and selectivity with regard to nitrogen oxide conversion and high sorption capabilities with regard to ammonia, but low oxidation capabilities with regard to sulfur dioxide, ammonia, or similar substances. The invention also provides a process for the manufacture and use of such catalysts.

Abstract: A catalyst for use in a process for the removal of nitrogen oxides from exhaust gases contaminated with dust in which the process uses ammonia. The catalyst is made of a material which is easily disposable. Furthermore, the catalyst should be completely used up in the catalysis. The catalyst comprises individual ceramic bricks with a porous surface, and passages therethrough for the flow of the exhaust gases. The bricks exhibit a resistance to abrasion which is designed so that the dust of the exhaust gas which flows through the passages erodes the catalyst surface, thereby reactivating the catalyst. The exhaust gas carries the dust and the eroded material along with it.

Abstract: A reheating furnace has a row of heating chambers and a mobile roof whose sections can be moved relative to each other so as to expose the tops of selected chambers for admission or evacuation of slabs. The slabs are lowered into and lifted out of selected heating chambers by an elevator which is mounted on tracks at a level above the motors for carriages which shift the roof sections relative to the chambers. Each chamber can be heated by a set of burners independently of the other chambers. The elevator stacks the slabs in such a way that one marginal portion of each slab is exposed for pronounced heating by combustion products and the other marginal portion is nested between and is heated by the neighboring slabs.

Abstract: The process of operating a reheating furnace for slabs involves the transport of slabs through the heating chamber of the furnace and contacting the slabs with a hot gaseous fluid which is supplied by one or more channels at a level below the path for the slabs. The fluid is thereby cooled and the cooled fluid is withdrawn to be readmitted into the channels subsequent to mixing with hot combustion products which are furnished by burners. The temperature of the fluid which is a mixture of cooled fluid and combustion products matches or approximates the optimum temperature for rolling of the slabs. That portion of the heating chamber which is adjacent to its inlet constitutes a magazine for temporary storage of slabs and contains ways for a charging machine which delivers slabs into the range of a walking-beam conveyor in the heating chamber.

Abstract: A top-fired, lifting or walking, hearth-type furnace includes an upstream preheating zone and a downstream primary heating zone. Stock, such as billets or ingots, to be heated is passed sequentially through the preheating zone and primary heating zone. Each zone has therein support members for supporting the stock. The support members of the preheating zone are at a level higher than the support members of the primary heating zone, with a step therebetween, whereby hot flue gases in the preheating zone circulate upwardly around the support members therein and the stock supported thereby. A lowering and lifting apparatus is located at the step to transfer stock from the support members of the preheating zone to the support members of the primary heating zone.

Abstract: A staple-fiber band is made by first spinning synthetic-resin filaments with spinnerets and drawing the filaments as roving at a predetermined feed speed from the spinnerets. The roving is then cooled without greatly stretching it so it has relatively high residual stretch and is then stored. Without intermediate treatment the roving is heated to a predetermined temperature and then stretched it to a relatively small residual stretch. The stretched roving is then thermofixed and then stretch-torn. Finally it is textured. During the heating, thermofixing, stretch-tearing, and texturing steps the roving is held under tension so that its filaments cannot tangle. When the filaments are of polyester they are stretched at between 60.degree. C. and 120.degree. C. and thermofixed at a temperature that can be somewhat higher.

Abstract: The amount of flexure of a heating wall of a coke oven is determined during operation of the coke oven by providing an observation hole through the oven roof into a heating flue, the observation hole having an axis. On at least one of the binder walls defining the heating flue is formed a vertical measuring strip extending throughout substantially the entire height of the binder wall at a position to be visible through the observation hole. The measuring strip defines, prior to heating during operation of the coke oven, a rectilinear reference line extending parallel to and spaced from the axis of the observation hole. Upon operation of the coke oven, during which time the heating wall is heated and flexes, the degree of such flexure is determined by measuring through the observation hole the extent of deviation of the measuring strip from the reference line.

Abstract: A process of separating in multiple stages acid components in coke oven gas such as CO.sub.2, HCN and particularly H.sub.2 S by ammonia scrubbing wherein the ammonia used in scrubbing is deacidified to remove the acid components and is recirculated to the scrubbing process at least in part as substantially pure liquid ammonia.