Abstract: Moist bulk coal is supplied into a fluidized bed drier into which is introduced a first heat carrier gas to thereby dry the moist coal to form dried coal. The dried coal is discharged from the drier and is transferred to a generally horizontal bulk material conveyor. A second heat carrier gas is injected through the bottom of the bulk material conveyor, thereby transporting the coal generally horizontally and preheating the coal to form preheated coal. The preheated coal is then discharged from the bulk material conveyor and is filled into a selected charging opening of a coke oven battery.

Abstract: An apparatus for transferring between chambers of a coke oven charging gases which develop during the charging of the chambers, while preventing the escape of the gases to the surrounding environment, includes first and second covers mounted for movement between first positions closing charging openings through an oven roof and second positions uncovering such openings. Ducts surround the peripheries of the first and second openings, such ducts being filled with a displaceable sealing medium. First and second housings form respective first and second compartments enclosing the first and second covers, respectively, at all positions thereof. The first and second covers have apron members extending into the displaceable sealing medium in the respective ducts when the covers are in the first positions thereof. The housings have at lower portions thereof seals for sealing the compartments from the exterior.

Abstract: A process for the elimination of ammonia in waste waters from a coke oven battery wherein ammonia-containing waste water or ammonia-containing vapor obtained by means of ammonia separation from the waste water are mixed with flue gas from the coke oven battery and sprayed into a NO.sub.x reactor at an elevated temperature with the resulting mixture being subjected to a catalytic redox reaction.

Abstract: Small, pourable particles of comminuted coal for coking purposes are gravity-discharged into a stream of hot gas flowing upwardly in a flight stream tube, in a direction inclined and generally opposite to the gas flow direction. Just prior to entry into the gas stream the particles are fluidized so that, on being entrained by the gas stream, they will become uniformly distributed throughout the cross-section of the same. A method and an apparatus are disclosed.

Abstract: An arrangement for filling at least one coke oven chamber has a transport device arranged to transport coal, a chute member located under the transport device to guide coal to a filling opening of the coke oven chamber, at least one closing member arranged between the chute member and the filling opening of the coke oven chamber, and a sliding plate moveable in a housing above the chute member between open and closed positions, wherein the sliding plate and the housing in its region in which the sliding plate is in its open position are inclined toward a horizontal.

Abstract: A method for the production of high-caloric content gases is disclosed wherein feed gases containing CO and H.sub.2 are passed through at least two consecutive catalytic fluidized bed stages having cooling elements wherein, the feed gases being introduced to the first stage under pressure and to the subsequent stages under a pressure which is less than the pressure of the next preceding stage, and the gas produced from each preceding stage is fed to the next stage as a diluting gas. As a result of using the method of the present invention, one can avoid the necessity of compression of the feed gases in the subsequent reaction stages, thereby decreasing the cost as well as the technical difficulties encountered in the process.

Abstract: A furnace for heating all sides of products such as metal slabs, billets, rough castings and the like includes a furnace chamber having a charging end and a discharging end. A plurality of carriages are positioned throughout the length of the furnace chamber to support products to be heated and are sequentially movable through the chamber from the charging end thereof to the discharging end thereof. Each carriage includes a support bench having extending upwardly therefrom support members to directly contact and support the products to be heated. A charging station is located adjacent the charging end of the furnace chamber for loading a product to be heated onto the carriage and introducing the thus loaded carriage into the furnace chamber, thereby displacing loaded carriages within the furnace chamber toward the discharging end and discharging a downstream-most loaded carriage from the discharging end of the furnace chamber.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus is provided for charging particulate coal through ceiling holes into a coke oven. A conveyor above the coke oven ceiling is connected with each ceiling hole by a conduit. Mounted in the conduit is a first closure member which is movable to and from a position in which it permits gravity flow of coal from the conveyor to the ceiling hole. Also mounted in the conduit is a second closure member movable to and from a position in which it blocks the escape of gas from the ceiling hole. To charge, the second member is first moved to open position and thereupon the first member; when charging is completed the members are moved in reversed sequence to their closing positions.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the dry cooling of coke involves the provision of a vessel having therein first and second zones in full communication with each other. Hot coke from a coking operation is introduced into the first zone and is passed through the first and second zones. Raw coke oven gas from the coking operation is introduced into the first zone, thereby reducing the temperature of the coke, while cleaning the raw coke oven gas to form cleaned coke oven gas. The cleaned coke oven gas is removed from the first zone, cooled, and then directly or indirectly utilized as a heat carrier gas introduced into the second zone to therein further reduce the temperature of the coke. The thereby further cooled coke is removed from the second zone.

Abstract: Apparatus for treating gases produced from the conversion of coal, e.g., from carbonization of coal, to remove the undesirable constituents thereof is disclosed. The method involves passing the hot raw gases from the coal conversation process over a coke bed at a temperature of more than 1100.degree. K. The coke bed is located in the coal gasification reactor and is provided with an ordinary air supply. The subject method achieves a significant reduction in undesirable constituents in the gas and eliminates the need for auxiliary gas treatment systems, oxygen production systems and the like.

Abstract: A method of catalytic conversion of feed gases, particularly of a low-sulphur gas mixture rich in carbon monoxide and hydrogen, into a product gas mixture containing methane and/or higher hydrocarbons under high pressure includes the step of removing heat of reaction from the catalytic conversion from a reaction zone by feeding both water and steam to form a cooling medium through a pipe coil in the reaction zone. This forms superheated steam in the pipe coil and the superheated steam is then converted into another form of energy, for example in a turbo-generator. Preferably the reaction zone is a fluidized bed. For carrying out this method a reactor is used, which is preferably a fluidized bed reactor and in this reactor the piping system forming the superheater is disposed in the lower part of the reaction zone. The superheater is connected to a feedwater line and to a steam inlet line and a steam turbine is connected to a steam output line leading from the superheater.

Abstract: An apparatus for charging coke chambers is disclosed which effectively reduces and controls gas and dust emissions evolved during the coke charging operation. The charging apparatus includes a gas-tight enclosure which seals the immediate area surrounding the cooling chamber or serially arranged chambers in a cooling plant, a lift transport facility located internally to the enclosure for carrying a coke bucket to and from the respective coke cooling chambers, a crane or elevator for placing and removing the coke bucket from the lift transport facility, and an exhaust device for evacuating the gas and dust emissions from the enclosure. Inert gas feedlines are integrated with the charging operation to maintain an inert gas atmosphere within the enclosure.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for continuous production of polyesters, characterized by an improvement in the esterification or interesterification stage, in which a mixture containing the starting materials, for example, terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol, is subjected to the shearing and homogenizing action of a rotor-stator, and the resultant homogeneous mixture is introduced into a thin-layer evaporator to produce a reaction mixture containing low molecular weight bis-hydroxyalkylene ester. This lower molecular weight product is then subjected to precondensation and polycondensation in accordance with conventional procedures to obtained the desired polyester product. In accordance with the present invention, the esterification degree can be increased substantially, without deteriorating the quality of the polyester.

Abstract: In the process of transferring coke from a coke oven chamber in a battery of coke ovens to a quenching car, the coke is quenched by a water spray from above. The resulting steam is collected in a hood located above and movable with the quenching car and is either exhausted from the hood and conveyed to a condenser or is condensed in the hood with the condensate being collected, cooled and recirculated to provide the water for the quenching and condensing sprays. The apparatus and method of this invention provides for transferring and quenching the coke without emitting harmful gases and dust to the atmosphere.

Abstract: Superheated steam is continuously made to flow through the housing of a device which conveys coal from a bunker to the charging holes of coke ovens. While no charging takes place, the steam is vented from the housing and condensed. When charging does take place, the steam enters the coke oven with the coal, is then discharged from the coke oven, and thereupon condensed. The pressure of the steam in the housing may be greater than ambient atmospheric pressure and/or the pressure of the coking gas in the oven, to reliably prevent the entry of the air and/or the gas into the housing and thus to avoid the formation of dangerous gas mixtures therein.

Abstract: A regulating device for the flue housing of a coke oven for alternately opening and closing channels of the flue housing including a rotatable shaft, frames mounted on the shaft, preferably, 90.degree. relative to each other, in alternating sequence along the shaft, peripheral seals about the frames for sealing a channel when the frame is disposed across it. The seals are arcuate in configuration and lie on a circle having its center at the center axis of the shaft. Rotation of the shaft selectively opens and closes alternate channels of the flue housing.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the dry cooling of coke is disclosed wherein a cooling gas is routed through a coke charge by means of a distributor or manifold disposed in the bottom of a vertical cooling chamber. The gas passing upwardly through the coke charge is heated by the hot coke. A temperature sensor is provided in the discharge line for the heated gas from the coke cooling chamber, and the distribution and flow rate of the cooling gas introduced at the bottom of the chamber is controlled thereby to maintain a predetermined temperature of the discharged gas. A further embodiment includes multiple gas discharge lines located at different levels of the coke charge. Since the temperature of the gas discharged varies with the level from which the gas is withdrawn, controlled combination of the various discharge flows provides an additional means for producing and maintaining the predetermined temperature of the combined gas discharge.

Abstract: A process for separating dissolved corrosive gases from aqueous solutions, e.g., scrubbing waters from a coking operation, is disclosed. The process involves directly contacting the solution with a hot liquid heat exchange medium, such as drops of heating oil, to drive off the dissolved gases. Residual ammonia in the solution is thereafter separated out by blowing steam into the treated solution.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are described for preventing the unintentional introduction of coal from a supply into a coke oven which already contains a charge of coal or coke. An obstruction sensor is lowered through a charging hole in the ceiling of the oven; if it encounters an obstruction, such as a charge of coal or coke in the oven, it triggers a signal which blocks any discharge of coal through the charging hole into the oven.

Abstract: In a fluidized bed reactor an approach flow floor extends across below the suspension phase. Approach flow bodies are positioned in openings in the flow floor, each flow body has a pick-up pocket in its upper surface with a flow hole extending downwardly from the pocket to the lower end of the flow body. The upper end of the flow hole conically widens as it approaches the pocket. A distribution plate is located within the pocket spaced upwardly from the upper end of the flow hole. A baffle plate is positioned on the lower surface of the distribution plate spaced above the flow hole. The upper surface of the flow floor is inclined upwardly from the openings in which the flow bodies are positioned.