Abstract: Apparatus for the production of ammonia synthesis gas by the catalytic cracking of coke oven gas in the presence of water vapor and air is disclosed. The apparatus includes concentric inner and outer pipes, a first annular reaction zone between the pipes and a second reaction zone inside the inner pipe, both zones containing a catalyst. The purified coke oven gas along with air and water vapor is introduced into the interior of the outer pipe, i.e., into the first reaction zone at one end. The gas flows along the length of the pipes and then into the inner pipe, i.e., the second reaction zone, through a number of openings in the end of the inner pipe opposite the end of the outer pipe where the coke oven gas was initially introduced. The gas then flows along the length of the inner pipe to the opposite end where the cracked gas is removed.

Abstract: In a pneumatic conveying heater or drier for dispersed solid particles, a pulsating device in the form for example of a rotary throttling disk is arranged in the circulation conduit for the conveying stream of hot gas so as to periodically accelerate and decelerate the conveyed solid particles, thus increasing the efficiency of the heat transfer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the wet quenching of coke is disclosed wherein hot coke is sprayed from above with quenching water, the steam generated by the heat of the coke is condensed by a spray of condensation water from the top of the quenching tower, and the hot condensate-water mixture is collected at the bottom of the quenching tower and recirculating to the top of the tower where it is sprayed between quenching operations to be cooled by a counterflowing stream of air. The cooled condensate-water mixture is suitable for reuse as the condensation spray water.

Abstract: A process for the multi-stage catalytic methanization of a carbon monoxide-containing and hydrogen-containing feed gas at high pressure and temperature is carried out in three stages. In the first stage the feed gas is premethanized at a temperature of from 400.degree. to 500.degree. C.; in a second stage the premethanized gas is converted and in a third stage the converted gas is finally methanized at a temperature of from 300.degree. to 380.degree. C. Apparatus for carrying out this process preferably comprises a single elongated pressure reactor which is divided into three reaction zones each of which contains a reaction catalyst formed into a fluidized bed. The feed gas preferably flows upwards through the reactor firstly through the first fluidized bed, then through the second fluidized bed and finally through the third fluidized bed after which the product gas is withdrawn from the top of the reactor.

Abstract: The gas-tight closure comprises a thin walled tubular piece projecting from a feeding duct into a filling space, a thin walled conical jacket having its larger bottom base provided with a rigid seal reinforcing member cooperating with the lower rim of the intake tubular piece. The outer periphery of the reinforcing member is slanted about a small angle to snugly fit into the tubular piece and adjust the form thereof when upward pull is exerted upon the conical jacket by means of an actuation rod passing outwardly through the wall of the feeding duct. The actuation rod has preferably the form of a hollow shaft which accommodates the manipulation rod of a scraper projecting radially below the reinforcing member into the filling space. The outside portion of the actuation rod is provided with a control device in the form of clamping plates cooperating with abutment plates resting on the guiding sleeve for the actuation rod. The clamping plates are manipulated by means of separate levers.

Abstract: To increase the temperature at which a tar separator operates which separates tar from condensate obtained by cooling coking gas produced by coking preheated coal, the condensate is preheated by heat exchange with the coking gas entering a raw gas cooler and is then admitted into the coking gas collecting main of the coking ovens, from which it passes to the tar separator. A method and an apparatus are disclosed.

Abstract: Flue gas discharged from a recuperator or regenerator of a coke oven battery has the steam thereof removed by means of a direct or indirect cooling and condensation operation. After the steam is removed from the flue gas it is then passed through a coke dry cooling plant in direct contact with hot coke therein to form dry cooled coke while simultaneously increasing the temperature of the flue gas. The flue gas is then passed through a coal preheating plant to directly contact and dry and preheat moist coking coal contained therein. The entire system is open, such that a given quantity of the flue gas passes only once through the system. When the temperature of the flue gas as received from a coke oven battery is extremely high, then the flue gas may be subjected to a partial cooling operation prior to the cooling and condensation operation.

Abstract: A H.sub.2 -containing feed gas is introduced into a reaction area including a liquid medium containing a catalyst, to thereby preform a catalytic reaction to produce a gaseous reaction product and to generate heat of reaction which is transferred to the liquid medium, such that the catalytic reaction occurs at an operational temperature and at an operational pressure. The liquid medium is a reactor liquid which is stable during the catalytic reaction and which boils at the operational temperature and operational pressure. The boiling reactor liquid thereby maintains the catalyst at a constant temperature. Boiling of the reactor liquid produces an evaporation of the reactor liquid, and the resultant vapor is condensed in a condensation area located above the reaction area. The thus formed condensate is retuthe catalyst at a constant temperature.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the wet quenching of coke is disclosed wherein hot coke is sprayed from above with quenching water, the steam generated by the heat of the coke is condensed by a spray of condensation water from the top of the quenching tower, and the hot condensate-water mixture is collected at the bottom of the quenching tower and recirculating to the top of the tower where it is sprayed between quenching operations to be cooled by a counterflowing stream of air. The cooled condensate-water mixture is suitable for reuse as the condensation spray water.

Abstract: A drivable member has an opening therethrough and is positioned within a charging port of a chamber. The drivable member has suspended therefrom an inner cover. The drivable member is axially movable with respect to the charging port between a raised position, whereat the inner cover is moved into a sealing position against an inner surface of the charging port, and a lowered position, whereat the inner cover is moved away from the inner surface. An intermediate seal is formed between the exterior of the charging port and an exterior portion of the drivable member, and the intermediate seal is maintained during all positions of movement of the drivable member. An outer cover is selectively movable into sealing engagement with an upper portion of the drivable member to form an outer seal. The outer cover may be removed and replaced by a material supply container which also forms an outer seal with the upper portion of the drivable member.

Abstract: A sealing arrangement for a coking oven chamber is disclosed including a door selectively movable between opened and closed positions and a door frame surrounding the opening to the chamber. In the closed position, the door body faces the door frame and is spaced therefrom to define a sealing channel. A fluid sealing substance is injected into the channel through the door body while the door is closed. Inner and outer sealing strips may be provided on the door body to define the lateral confines of the sealing channel.

Abstract: Hot coke produced in a coke plant is introduced into the lower portion of a sealed interior of a quenching tower. Quenching water is supplied to the hot coke, thereby cooling the hot coke and generating steam and quenching gases which rise from the quenched coke to the upper portion of the interior of the quenching tower. Condensing water is supplied into the upper portion of the interior of the quenching tower, thereby condensing the steam to form quenching water condensate. A water mixture of the condensing water and the quenching water condensate is collected at a midportion of the interior of the quenching tower, and such water mixture is prevented from passing to the lower portion of the interior of the tower. The thus collected water mixture is discharged from the interior of the quenching tower, and the quenching gases remaining in the upper portion of the interior of the quenching tower are removed without being directly discharged into the exterior surrounding environment.

Abstract: A heat carrier gas is passed through a coke dry cooling plant in direct contact with hot coke therein to form dry cooled coke while simultaneously increasing the temperature of the heat carrier gas. The heat carrier gas is then passed through a coal preheating plant to directly contact and dry and preheat moist coking coal contained therein. The entire system is open, such that a given quantity of the heat carrier gas passes only once through the dry cooling plant and the coal drying and preheating plant. The heat carrier gas may be a flue gas which is passed directly to the coke dry cooling plant without any preliminary pretreatment, and preferably is a flue gas which is supplied directly from a regenerator or recuperator of a coke oven battery. Alternatively, the heat carrier gas may be in the form of a fuel gas which is inert with respect to the hot coke, for example a waste gas or stack gas supplied from an adjacent metallurgical installation, such as a steel mill.

Abstract: A tar separating device for separating tar from hot rinsing liquid, specifically, the rinsing liquid of a receiver of a coke oven battery including a container having a rinsing liquid inlet, a solids removal device for removing solids from the liquid as the liquid enters the container, a tar dewatering chamber located in the container near the inlet such that the rinsing liquid entering the container flows over the outer surface of the chamber and a tube in the container for conveying rinsing liquid into the tar dewatering chamber. The inlet to the tube is located at a point distant from the rinsing liquid inlet to the container. At the tube inlet point, the temperature of the liquid is lower than that at the inlet. The present invention utilizes this temperature differential to effect a particularly distinct separation between the tar and the water. The device further includes means for separately removing the tar and the water from the dewatering chamber.

Abstract: In the process of transferring coke from a coke oven chamber in a battery of coke ovens to a quenching car, the coke is quenched by a water spray from above. The resulting steam is collected in a hood located above and movable with the quenching car and is either exhausted from the hood and conveyed to a condenser or is condensed in the hood with the condensate being collected, cooled and recirculated to provide the water for the quenching and condensing sprays. The apparatus and method of this invention provides for transferring and quenching the coke without emitting harmful gases and dust to the atmosphere.

Abstract: Coal, either as coal fines or as coal briquettes, is introduced into a coking chamber and is thereat exposed to microwave radiation to transform the coal into hot coke. Preferably, the microwave radiation is at a frequency of from twenty to 3000 MHz. The hot coke is then passed to a cooling zone whereat photocells absorb radiant energy from the hot coke and transform the thus absorbed radiant energy into electricity.

Abstract: Coal, particularly ground coal, is thermally treated at a treatment zone by exposing the coal to microwave radiation, preferably at a frequency of from 20 to 3,000 MHz. The treatment zone may be a system for forming the coal into pellets or briquettes. The treatment zone may also be an area between a coal supply bin and a furnace or oven for utilization of the coal, whereby the coal is dried and/or preheated before use in the furnace or oven.

Abstract: Briquettes, particularly molded briquettes of pitch-bound coal, are formed and introduced into a coking chamber of an indirectly heated chamber oven. The oven is then operated to form the briquettes into coke. Prior to the introduction of the briquettes into the chamber, the interior walls of the chamber are uniformly heated to a temperature t.sub.K .congruent.1000+[1000B-175].times.[1.23+0.1283(W-3)], wherein: B equals the width (in meters) of the coking chamber, and W equals the initial water content (in weight %) of the briquettes.

Abstract: An apparatus for the dry cooling of coke is disclosed including a vertical cooling chamber having an open bottom, a gas distribution manifold disposed in the bottom of the cooling chamber and a pair of discharge openings for the continuous withdrawal of the cooled coke from the bottom of the chamber. The cooling gas manifold includes upwardly sloping walls which intersect at an apex located generally centrally of the bottom of the cooling chamber. Gas discharge openings extend through these walls and are so disposed as to make cooling gas available across the entire cross-section of the cooling chamber. Individual, closed gas chambers communicate with groups of the gas discharge openings and the flow of gas to each chamber is individually regulated.

Abstract: An outer enclosed pressure container is formed of a simple steel material. An inner enclosed container is positioned within the pressure container such that there is an intermediate space therebetween. Catalyst layers are provided within the inner container. A gas containing a reducing component and water vapor are introduced into the inner container and are therein reacted by means of the catalyst to perform a desired reducing reaction. At least part of the water vapor is alone introduced into the intermediate space to thereby pressurize the intermediate space to substantially the same pressure as occurs within the inner container. The water vapor in the intermediate space operates to protect the wall of the pressure container from the temperatures occurring due to the catalytic reaction within the inner container. The water vapor is removed from the intermediate space and is at least partially added to the gas containing a reducing component before the introduction thereof into the inner container.