Abstract: A process for the preparation of substituted acetic acids and derivatives thereof, having the formula ##STR1## wherein X is --COOH, --COOY or --CN,Y is --CH.sub.3 or --C.sub.2 H.sub.5,R.sub.1 is a saturated, branched or unbranched aliphatic radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a phenyl radical, or a phenyl radical substituted by alkyl or alkoxy groups, andR.sub.2 is hydrogen or a saturated, branched or unbranched aliphatic radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a phenyl radical, or a phenyl radical substituted by alkyl or alkoxy groups,wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may be the same or different which process comprises converting the corresponding malonic or cyanoacetic ester of the formula ##STR2## wherein Z is --COOY or --CN, andY, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are identified as above at elevated temperature in the presence of a catalyst, e.g., a catalyst containing from about 50 to 75 weight percent SiO.sub.2 and from 15 to 19 weight percent Al.sub.2 O.sub.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the cleavage of organosiloxanes with hydrogen chloride with the formation of organochlorosilanes. In accordance with the invention, this cleavage is performed at temperatures below 20.degree. C., and the dihydrates and trihydrates of the hydrogen chloride are formed. These settle as the specifically heavier, liquid phase and thus can easily be separated from the organochlorosilanes. The preferred temperature range in which the procedure of the invention is performed is between +10.degree. C. and -10.degree. C., while yields of as much as 99% of the desired organochlorosilane are obtained. The process can also be performed continuously.The inventive process is particularly useful because it can be used to convert contaminated organosiloxanes, such as used heat exchange or hydraulic oil materials, into useful products.

Abstract: A process for the calibration of a profiled article of thermoplastic synthetic resin wherein a vacuum is applied to the external surface of the profiled article while the article is drawn through a calibrating tool and wherein the profile surface of the profiled article is cooled indirectly by a liquid coolant flowing through ducts within the calibrating tool involves applying a vacuum via a plurality of slots within the calibrating tool which are place adjoining the profile surface and feeding coolant through the ducts of the calibrating tool in such a manner that the coolant is discharged by means of the vacuum via the profile surface which is under the vacuum.

Abstract: A short range trajectory round having an aerodynamic resistance which sharply increases at a predetermined time after discharge of the round from a barrel of a weapon. The round includes a body having a longitudinal axis and a forward tip portion and a rear base portion with at least one segment forming a part of the body and arranged for outward movement away from the longitudinal axis. The at least one segment at least partially delimits an inner cavity within the body terminating at a predetermined distance from the tip portion, and a plunger having a forward portion and a rearward portion is disposed within the cavity and arranged for movement in the longitudinal direction of the round between at least a rearward position and a forward position.

Abstract: A process for the recovery and reuse of a heavy-metal oxidation catalyst solution from a high-boiling distillation residue having a cobalt content of 1-10 g/kg of residue is disclosed. The distillation residue is obtained in the production of dimethyl terephthalate by the oxidation of mixtures containing p-xylene and/or methyl p-toluate in the liquid phase with oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas under an elevated pressure and at an elevated temperature in the presence of dissolved heavy-metal oxidation catalyst, by subsequent esterification of the oxidation product with methanol and by a distillatory separation of the esterification product into a fraction rich in methyl p-toluate, a fraction rich in dimethyl terephthalate, and the high-boiling distillation residue.

Abstract: A process for the production of patterned tiles from thermoplastic synthetic resins includes the steps of forming a length of crude sheet stock by compressing unicolored and/or differently colored or multicolored particulate material of thermoplastic synthetic resin; cutting off crude sheets from the sheet stock; punching segments out of the crude sheets; combining the segments from at least two crude sheets of differing colors into a panel so that the segments complement one another, and thereafter press-molding the segments to form an intarsia tile with the use of pressure and heat so that the segments are welded together along joints formed therebetween.

Abstract: An adduct of phenol with an aminoorganosilane ester with salt-like charge-transfer-complex structure of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R represents an alkyl moiety of 1 to 8 carbon atoms or ethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol or propylene glycol or polypropylene glycol moieties terminally closed with a lower alkyl or acyl group;R' represent hydrogen or alkyl moieties having 1 to 20 carbon atoms optionally containing one or more ether bridges, a cycloalkyl moiety or an aryl moiety;R" represents alkyl with 1 to 8 carbon atoms;X represents halogen or C.sub.1-14 alkyl moieties or a nitro group;a being a value of 0 to 3;b a value of 0 to 5;c a value of 0 to 20; andn a value of 1 to 6;and a process for preparing the same.

Abstract: A process for preparing an alkali salt of d,l-phenylalanine and the free acid thereof is disclosed. According to the invention an alkali salt of phenylpyruvic acid is reacted at elevated pressure with hydrogen and ammonia in the presence of a noble metal catalyst of Group VIII. If the acid is desired it is obtained by acidification of the corresponding salt.

Abstract: Production of malonic acid dialkyl esters by reacting halogen acetic acid alkyl ester with carbon monoxide, and alkali alcoholate, alkali earth alcoholate or a solution of alkali hydroxide in an alcohol at a pH of up to 8.5 in the presence of a cobalt compound which is a catalyst for the reaction.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of hard paper involves impregnating lengths of cellulose-containing material with plasticizer-containing mixture of a phenol-resol resin solution and cresol-resol resin solution according to a one-step method, subsequent drying, and then hardening of the resin-impregnated paper. The impregnating solution employed is a mixture of a 50-80% by weight phenol-resol resin solution with a 40-70% by weight cresol-resol resin solution, to which has been admixed, before impregnation, a plasticizer and additional water. The water is added in amounts of 4-12% by weight, based on the sum total weight of solid resins and plasticizer in the total solution mixture.

Abstract: A process for the continuous manufacture of sheeting from thermoplastic synthetic resins includes the steps of applying thermoplastic synthetic resin, in the form of particles, such as shreds, crumbs, cuttings, pieces, chips, or the like, continuously as a sheet-like layer of raw material to a moving support; passing the raw material layer through a heating zone to thereby preheat the material layer to a temperature approximately in the range from 100.degree. to 140.degree. C.; pressing the preheated material layer continuously over its full area during travel through a treatment zone so that, in a first phase, the raw material layer is compacted and welded under the effect of a pressure of from about 10 to 60 kp/cm.sup.2 and at the same time the material layer is heated to a temperature in the range from about 160.degree. to 220.degree.

Abstract: An electrical detonator element including a support formed of an electrically nonconductive material with an ignition resistance and lead electrodes arranged thereon. An electrical circuit for enabling detonation is formed on the support and includes the ignition resistance and at least one electronic component each separately arranged on the support.

Abstract: An improved process for the foaming of polyolefin materials is disclosed where the polyolefin is crosslinked by a peroxide and foamed by a chemical foaming agent combined with an auxiliary foaming agent is disclosed. According to the invention, the auxiliary foaming is a sterically hindered phenol and/or an organic phosphorus compound.

Abstract: A compound of tetravalent vanadium of the general formula ##STR1## wherein M represents a metal of the fourth group of the Periodic Table of the Elements and R represents and alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl moiety of 1 to 20 carbon atoms and a process for its preparation. Also disclosed is the use of such vanadium compound as a catalyst for homopolymerization, copolymerization or terpolymerization of various monomers including olefins and vinyl monomers.

Abstract: A pyrotechnical composition for delay elements comprising metallic antimony and potassium permanganate are disclosed. The pyrotechnical composition can contain 0.1 to 2.08 percent of a light metal in powder form. It is useful as a delay composition in time fuses having burning time intervals of over 150 milliseconds.

Abstract: A string for the stringing of rackets, bows, musical instruments and the like has a thread-like structure comprising at least one monofil of a synthetic resin mixture containing 99-86% by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride and 1-14% by weight of at least one polyacrylate. The monofil is melt-extruded and is stretch-oriented to impart improved elasticity thereto.

Abstract: A machine installation for the manufacture of a thick-walled insulating pipe of elastic, laminatable foamed synthetic resin sheet material, includes an apparatus for effecting the lamination of a foamed synthetic resin sheet material to form a multilayer insulating pipe having a length corresponding to the sheet width of the sheet of foam material and a finishing unit. The laminating apparatus has an expandable and rotatable mandrel equipped with a pneumatic expanding means and an infinitely variable drive mechanisms for rotating the mandrel to wrap the sheet material thereon, and a pressure roller which can be urged against the mandrel. The roller is movable pneumatically by a telescopic holder, and the mandrel is associated with a pivotably mounted burner and a cutter.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the prparation of an acylated aminocarboxylic acid which comprises contacting an aminocarboxylic acid, its alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt with a low alkyl carboxylic acid ester of the formulaR.sub.1 -CO-O-R.sub.2,wherein R.sub.1 represents hydrogen or a straight-chain or branched or cyclic hydrocarbon moiety of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, which can be substituted if desired, and wherein R.sub.2 represents a straight-chain, branched or cyclic hydrocarbon moiety of 1 to 8 carbon atoms in the presence of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal alcoholate.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of nitrogen bi-heterocyclic compounds is disclosed involving the saponification of a compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R, E, D, B, A, and R' have the previously assigned significance which comprises saponifying the same by contacting it with at least a stoichiometric amount of water followed by decarboxylation.The carboxylic acid esters can be those formed by cyclization of dicarboxylic acid esters such as alpha-picolylaminomethylenemalonic acid diethyl ester.

Abstract: A composite material, especially suitable for chemical apparatus construction is formed of a layer of a thermoplastic synthetic resin and a textile layer pressed onto the resin layer in the heated condition. The textile layer is a mechanically prestrengthened, polyester fiber mat bound chemically with a binder consisting of a synthetic resin dispersion of polymers and/or copolymers of esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid and of acrylonitrile. Needling is a preferred procedure for mechanically prestrengthening the mat.