Abstract: Provided is a transconductance amplifier capable of suppressing variation in the range of a linear relationship between an input voltage and an output current depending on the magnitude of a tuning voltage Vctrl, thereby adjusting transconductance over a wider range of operating input voltages. The transconductance amplifier is configured by a differential pair formed of MOS transistors (111, 112) having a common source, MOS transistors (113, 114), amplifiers (106, 107), a voltage generator circuit (100), and a differential-pair input voltage generator circuit (120). An input differential common voltage Vcm of all differential signals inputted to the differential pair is adjusted so that a difference between Vcm and Vctrl is equal to a constant, in accordance with a change in the tuning voltage Vctrl that controls the transconductance. This enables keeping constant the range in which the transconductance amplifier can achieve good linearity.

Abstract: A magnetic flux detection unit and a rectangular solid magnet are provided. The magnetic flux detection unit includes one or more pairs of Hall sensors, each pair having two Hall sensors arranged on a substrate. The solid magnet is arranged movably in a direction in a plane parallel to the substrate. Each pair of two Hall sensors is arranged on the substrate so that a line connecting the centers of magnetism sensing sections of each pair of two Hall sensors is orthogonal to a movement direction of the magnet. A tetragon has a long side and a short side and the long side has a inclination angle to the line connecting the centers of magnetism sensing sections of the each pair of two Hall sensors. The magnet has one N-pole and one S-pole separately magnetized in orthogonal to the substrate on which the Hall sensors are arranged.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a spatial information detecting system. A magnetic sensor driving unit drives a magnetic sensor via a multiplexer unit. Signals of the magnetic sensor are converted from analog signals to digital signals, and are transmitted from a data transmitting unit to an arithmetic unit as magnetic data. A Fourier transform unit calculates the amplitudes and phases of a plurality of frequency components of individual axes from the output signal of the magnetic data receiving unit. A magnetic field vector calculating unit calculates signs of the amplitudes of the individual axes from phase relationships between the plurality of frequency components on the individual axes from the output signal from the Fourier transform unit, and calculates the magnetic field vector representing the direction and magnitude of the magnetic field from the signs and amplitudes. A direction calculating unit calculates the direction of the information terminal.

Abstract: The present invention aims at providing a plasma processing apparatus for performing a plasma processing on a planar substrate body to be processed, the apparatus being capable of generating the plasma with good uniformity and efficiently using the plasma, and having a high productivity. That is, the plasma processing apparatus according to the present invention includes: a vacuum chamber; one or plural antenna supporters (plasma generator supporters) projecting into the internal space of the vacuum chamber; radio-frequency antennas (plasma generators) attached to each antenna supporter; and a pair of substrate body holders provided across the antenna supporter in the vacuum chamber, for holding a planar substrate body to be processed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a position detecting device capable of canceling an error due to looseness in a vertical direction and of eliminating variation in temperature characteristics by calculating a ratio between output voltages of a plurality of Hall elements. Assuming that the Hall voltage Vhe1 of a Hall element becomes A·K·Bhe1 (A is the amplification factor of a preamplifier, K is a constant, and Bhe1 is the magnetic flux density the Hall element receives), then a PI regulator automatically adjusts the bias point of the PI output by feedback control in such a manner that A·K·Bhe1+Vref=AGND (=0) holds. The Hall voltage Vhe2 of the Hall element after amplification becomes A·K·Bhe2. Since K=?Vref/A·Bhe1, the Hall voltage Vhe2 of the Hall element is given by ?Vref·Bhe2/Bhe1.

Abstract: A traveling direction measuring apparatus including 3-axes acceleration detecting means for detecting acceleration, and acceleration data acquiring means for repeatedly obtaining 3-axes acceleration data, said 3-axes acceleration varying with walking of a pedestrian, the traveling direction measuring apparatus including means for calculating, when the pedestrian is walking with holding said traveling direction measuring apparatus in a generally fixed attitude, gravity acceleration by averaging acceleration data sets during several steps obtained by said acceleration data acquiring means, means for calculating frequency components corresponding to duration of one step of the acceleration data sets projected on a plane perpendicular to the calculated gravity acceleration, and means for estimating a moving direction of the pedestrian seen from a terminal coordinate system associated with said traveling direction measuring apparatus according to frequency components.

Abstract: The present invention provides a continuous-time delta-sigma modulator which is configured with an SC (SCR) feedback DA (103) for improving tolerance to jitter for a clock signal and operates stably by maintaining a certain feedback amount without being influenced by a change in a production process thereof or an operating temperature condition thereof. By adjusting a reference voltage Vref that determines an output voltage of the SC feedback DA (103), it is possible to feed back a certain amount of charge from the SC feedback DA (103) to a loop filter (101). Thereby, operation of the delta-sigma modulator is stabilized.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical device that is miniature, is highly sensitive and has a simplified package, and a manufacturing method thereof with high production efficiency and high reliability. The present invention is an optical device comprising: a photoelectric conversion element (50) having at least one photoelectric conversion portion (1) which is formed on a substrate (10); a sealing material (14); and a connection terminal (3). The optical device comprises an optical window which is an interface between the photoelectric conversion element (50) and an outside of the optical device; and an aperture (6) formed in the sealing material 14, and whose bottom face is the optical window. An entire face of the optical window is exposed to the outside. An optical adjustment element (13) may be formed on the interface. In this case, the interface between the optical adjustment element (13) and the outside is the optical window.

Abstract: A digital Class-D amplifier distortion suppression circuit design is disclosed. A distortion suppression feedback loop is described to improve audio performance by suppressing output stage non-linearity and improving power supply noise rejection achieving reduced THD+N. The feedback loop is placed around the power stage. It forces tracking between the audio band signals at the input and output of the power stage by automatically adjusting the gating signal timing based on sensed effective duty ratio error. Error sensing and compensation are performed using techniques that lend to simple circuit implementation.

Abstract: An infrared sensor IC and an infrared sensor, which are extremely small and are not easily affected by electromagnetic noise and thermal fluctuation, and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. A compound semiconductor that has a small device resistance and a large electron mobility is used for a sensor (2), and then, the compound semiconductor sensor (2) and an integrated circuit (3), which processes an electrical signal output by the compound semiconductor sensor (2) and performs an operation, are arranged in a single package using hybrid formation. In this manner, an infrared sensor IC that can be operated at room temperature can be provided by a microminiature and simple package that is not conventionally produced.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention has a differential pair including a first and second MOS transistors having their sources grounded; a third and fourth transistor with their source terminals connected to drain terminals of the first and second transistors, respectively; a voltage generating circuit for outputting tuning and common voltage so that the ratio between the common and tuning voltage is constant; and a differential pair input voltage generating circuit that receives the input and common voltage to output voltages Vip and Vin to gate terminals of the first and second transistors, respectively. The gate terminal of the fourth transistor is connected to the gate terminal of the third transistor, and the tuning voltage is input to the two terminals.

Abstract: A plasma generating method and apparatus which use plural high-frequency antennas 2 to generate inductively coupled plasma, and a plasma processing apparatus using the apparatus. The antennas 2 are identical to one another. Application of a high-frequency electric power to the antennas 2 is performed from a high-frequency power source 4 which is disposed commonly to the antennas 2, through one matching circuit 5 and one busbar 3. The busbar 3 is partitioned into sections the number of which is equal to that of the antennas, while setting a portion which is connected to the matching circuit 5, as a reference. One-end portions of the antennas are connected to corresponding sections 31, 32, 33 through power supplying lines 311, 321, 331. The other end portions of the antennas are grounded. The impedances of the sections of the busbar, and those of the power supplying lines are adjusted so that same currents flow through the antennas, and a same voltage is applied to the antennas.

Abstract: A push-pull amplifier includes a voltage inversion circuit 9 that uses an output of the differential amplifier 1 as an input signal, and includes a set of resistors 7a, 7b, and a differential amplifier 8 for inverting the polarity of the input signal, a level shifting circuit 3 that shifts the level of an output signal of the voltage inversion circuit 9 to a prescribed level, while inverting the polarity of the output signal, and an output amplifier circuit 4 that includes complementary transistors which are different from each other in polarity. The transistors are inputted with the above-mentioned input signal and the output signal of the level shifting circuit 3, respectively for carrying out push-pull amplification.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a magnetic sensor with a sensitivity measuring function and a method thereof. Magnetic sensitivity surfaces detect flux density, and a switching unit extracts magnetic field intensity information of each axis, and inputs it to a sensitivity calculating unit. The sensitivity calculating unit calculates the sensitivity from the magnetic field intensity information about the individual axes from the magnetic sensitivity surfaces. The sensitivity calculating unit includes an axial component analyzing unit for analyzing the flux density from the magnetic sensitivity surfaces into magnetic components of the individual axes; a sensitivity decision unit for deciding the sensitivity by comparing the individual axial components of the magnetic field intensity from the axial component analyzing unit with a reference value; and a sensitivity correction unit for carrying out sensitivity correction in accordance with the sensitivity information from the sensitivity decision unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound semiconductor lamination that enables an InSb film to be formed on an Si substrate and enables development of applications to magnetic sensors, such as Hall elements, magneto-resistance elements, etc., optical devices, such as infrared sensors, etc., and electronic devices, such as transistors, etc., to be provided industrially, and a method for manufacturing the compound semiconductor lamination. An active layer, which is a compound semiconductor that does not contain As, is directly formed on an Si substrate. As is present at an interface of the active layer and a single crystal layer of the Si substrate. The compound semiconductor contains at least nitrogen. The compound semiconductor is a single crystal thin film. The Si substrate is a bulk single crystal substrate or a thin film substrate with an uppermost layer being Si.

Abstract: A positive photosensitive resin composition excellent in sensitivity and resolution, characterized by comprising 100 parts by mass of (A) a hydroxypolyamide comprising repeating units represented by the general formula (1), 1 to 50 parts by mass of (B) a photoacid generator, 5 to 20 parts by mass of (C) a carboxylic acid compound having 6 to 18 carbon atoms as represented by the general formula (2), and 0.01 to 70 parts by mass of (D) an alcohol having 4 to 14 carbon atoms as represented by the general formula (3).

Abstract: Disclosed is a conductive filler which can be fusion-bonded under lower temperature conditions (with the peak temperature of not less than 181° C.) than the reflow heat treatment conditions for an Sn-37Pb eutectic solder. This conductive filler is applicable to heat-resistant uses similar to those of the Sn-37Pb eutectic solder. The conductive filler is a mixture of first metal particles composed of an alloy having a chemical composition including 25-40% by mass of Ag, 2-8% by mass of Bi, 5-15% by mass of Cu, 2-8% by mass of In and 29-66% by mass of Sn, and second metal particles composed of an alloy having a chemical composition including 5-20% by mass of Ag, 10-20% by mass of Bi, 1-15% by mass of Cu and 50-80% by mass of Sn. In the mixture, 20-10,000 parts by mass of the second metal particles are contained per 100 parts by mass of the first metal particles.

Abstract: The present invention provides a voltage controlled oscillator having a wide frequency variation range and an oscillation frequency that shows favorable linearity with respect to control voltage. The present invention includes an amplifier circuit 21, a piezoelectric element 22 connected in parallel to the amplifier circuit 21 and forming a feedback loop, variable capacitive elements 24 and 25 respectively connected to an input terminal and an output terminal of the amplifier circuit 21 and having a capacitance value that is dependent on control voltage, and an analog operation circuit 26 that generates a control voltage Vcs based on an inputted control voltage Vc. In this arrangement, the control voltage Vc is applied to the variable capacitive element 24 and the control voltage Vcs generated by the analog operation circuit 26 is applied to the variable capacitive element 25.

Abstract: The present invention provides a positive photosensitive resin composition, characterized by comprising 1 to 50 parts by mass of a photo-acid generator and 0.01 to 70 parts by mass of a terpene compound in combination with 100 parts by mass of a hydroxypolyamide having repeating units. A terpene compound can be combined with a hydroxypolyamide having a particular structure to provide a positive photosensitive resin composition excellent in positive lithography performance such as sensitivity and resolution.

Abstract: A driving device and driving method for controlling electric power to a load is provided. The driving device controls switching operations of switching elements by setting a first duration in which electric power is supplied to the load and by setting a second duration in which the load is floated without electric power. The driving device feeds back an output signal outputted from output terminals of the load, receives an input signal, and compares the fed back output signal with the input signal to detect an error. The driving device also generates an error suppression signal to correct the detected error and controls the switching operation of the switching elements based on the error suppression signal.