Abstract: In refuse incineration, it has been determined that the legal requirements governing refuse incineration can be more easily met by maintaining a uniform depth of charge on the grate. The charging of the refuse and the transport speed of the charge produced by movable refuse feeders can be regulated as a function of the quantity of refuse in the incinerator or in its individual zones. The load of the drive mechanism can be used for measurement and control purposes for maintaing a uniform refuse depth.

Abstract: A process for the disposal of refuse is characterized by combustion of combustible, solid, pasty or liquid waste materials in a combustion plant with a combustion gas containing at least 50% oxygen. Combustible waste materials are burned in the presence of at least one material selected from the group consisting of non-ferrous metals, non-ferrous metal oxides, alkali compounds, and alkaline earth compounds. The aforementioned combustion is accomplished by burning materials which produce at least one material of the aforementioned class of materials together with the waste materials, by introducing at least one of the materials of the class into the combustion plant together with the input of waste materials or into the hot gas stream, or any combination of these which achieves a desired waste composition. The by-products of the process are cleaned flue gas and a slag in which hazardous materials present in the input waste material are mineralized.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are disclosed for drying solid materials, which allows the thermal energy used for drying to be recovered and the emissions produced during degassing and gasification to be reduced. A solid material which contains an evaporable material, particularly water, is fed to a fluidized bed drier. The solid material is fluidized by fluidizing medium, the fluidizing medium being the evaporable material. The dried solid material is removed from the drier and is fed to further processing, use or disposal. The non-condensable components of the solid material which are insoluble in the condensate of the evaporable material are separated by cooling and condensation of the vapor and released for subsequent use or disposal.

Abstract: A method for introducing and metering a liquid treatment medium into the waste gas flow in combustion processes where the liquid treatment is metered and injected into a mixing chamber, under pressure. In addition, a carrier medium, also under pressure, is metered and injected into the same mixing chamber. This mixture is then sprayed, as a result of a pressure difference, from the mixing chamber, through a nozzle achieving atomization, and into the flue serving as an exhaust for the waste gas flow.

Abstract: The secondary air nozzle for furnaces has a curved base body which is provided with pins for holding a ceramic protective casing. A protective strip which projects radially from the base body is arranged along the longest line of curvature proceeding from the nozzle opening until beyond the curved part, its radial dimension corresponding at least to the thickness of the ceramic protective casing. The protective strip is constructed as a rib which projects radially from the base body and is outfitted with pins for supporting the ceramic body.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for extracting water from ash that has been quenched in water bath of an ash discharger and which is expelled from the water bath by means of a discharge ram through a discharge chute includes an improvement wherein the discharge chute of the ash discharger is caused to vibrate. The vibration is provided by a vibration generator, particularly of the unbalanced type.

Abstract: The method for introducing a treatment medium into the waste gas flow in combustion processes provides that a carrier medium be mixed with a treatment medium, wherein these media are brought to a pressure level necessary for the atomization in a one-component nozzle prior to mixing. The quantitative proportion of treatment medium to carrier medium, which is adjustable as desired, is adjusted as a function of the NO.sub.x gas concentration in the treated gas flow or as a function of the waste gas quantity. The atomization pressure is either predetermined as a fixed value corresponding to the nozzle configuration or adjusted as a function of the waste gas quantity. The atomization pressure can also possibly be regulated as a function of the evaporator load. Water serves as carrier medium, while ammonia, sal ammoniac, urea or calcium cyanamide is used as treatment medium.

Abstract: The procedure for supplying combustion air during grate firings, in which the primary combustion air is introduced into the fuel, and secondary combustion air is introduced directly into the flow of exhaust gas, and in which, in addition, some of the exhaust gas is tapped off from the flow of exhaust gas and returned to the combustion process, includes the withdrawal of exhaust gas directly above the fuel in the area where there is a large quantity of unused primary air, and the delivery of this exhaust gas that has been tapped off to the combustion air, the quantity of which is reduced according to the quantity of exhaust gas that is mixed with it.

Abstract: In order to recover or dispose of ammonia or ammonia compounds from mixtures of dust that occur during combustion processes, during subsequent gas cooling, or during subsequent gas scrubbing, the dust that is created is mixed in batches with water in a closed system at a temperature that is lower or equal to the temperature at which the dust leaves the combustion, cooling or scrubbing process, and the resulting vapors are drawn off in a vacuum.

Abstract: The secondary air jets (11) that are arranged within the combustion space (5) consist of an outer casing (12), an inner casing (13), and a flange (14) that connects the two casings to each other, the flange (14) crossing the inner casing (13) and being rigidly connected with this, whereas the outer casing (12) is so connected to the flange that is of greater diameter than the outer casing (12) that slot-type jets (15) are left between the face side of the outer casing (12) and the flange (14), these jets making it possible to expel air parallel to the defining wall and essentially perpendicular to the axis of the jets.

Abstract: A heat insulating covering is provided for a cooling shelf unit having a lower goods member, a plurality of intermediate shelf members vertically spaced from the lower goods member and from one another, and an upper cover part. The covering has a blind web adapted to cover a cooling space of the cooling shelf unit between a front edge of the cover part and a parallel front edge of the goods member over a whole horizontal length of the cooling shelf unit, a shade axle adapted to extend over the whole horizontal length of the cooling shelf unit, a lower stabilizing rail, a drive motor connected with the blind axle of the blind web and operative both in a closing direction and in an opening direction of the blind web, spring biased turning arms supporting the stabilizing rail of the blind web and having hinges located between the shade axle and the parallel front edge of the goods member.

Abstract: A safety connection device for connecting a high rupture capacity fuse link to a switching device and includes at least one connecting element having one opening receiving a guide carrying a cable from the switching device and another opening which receives the fuse link, and a contact spring and a contact bracket connected to each other and also connected to the fuse link and to the end of the cable inserted into the connecting element, respectively. The diameter of the opening receiving the fuse link is substantially greater than that of the fuse link.

Abstract: The method for reducing the nitric oxide concentration in the waste gas flow of combustion processes consists of the introduction of chemicals, e.g. ammonia, sal ammoniac, urea, calcium cyanamide, into the waste gas flow, wherein the waste gas flow is marked by an additional compulsorily produced strong turbulence and the waste gas flow is compressed prior to this turbulence zone. The introduction of the treatment medium is effected shortly before the turbulence zone and the waste gas flow is relaxed and calmed subsequent to the turbulence zone. In order to implement this method, a furnace is provided which comprises a grate and a waste gas flue consisting of an ascending waste gas flue and a descending waste gas flue adjoining the latter. The current flow of the waste gas flow is substantially S-shaped proceeding from the furnace grate to the downwardly directed waste gas flue, wherein the change of direction in the lower area is substantially smoother than in the reversing space.

Abstract: A heat insulating cover for an upwardly open cooling container, especially deep cooling container, having a cooling chamber, the heat insulating cover comprises a plurality of cover plates arranged to abut against one another to cover the cooling chamber and to be placed on an upper edge of the cooling container, and elements forming in the cover passages for communicating one side of the cover facing toward the cooling chamber with another side of the cover facing toward a surrounding atmosphere.

Abstract: A feed device comprises a filling hopper, a feed chute and a plurality of feeding pistons arranged adjacent to one another on a feed table, each feeding piston carrying at least one retaining and compression body in the area of its front end. The retaining and compression bodies can be constructed as flat or cubic bodies, wherein the surface configuration can be shaped in the manner of a rectangle, triangle, arc, trapezoid, pyramid or cone frustum.

Abstract: A light waveguide sensor for small pulling or pressing forces comprises a primarily coated light waveguide, a coil wound on the light waveguide and composed of an element having a diameter which is smaller than a diameter of the primarily coated light waveguide, a casing surrounding the primarily coated light waveguide and the coil and composed of a fiber reinforced synthetic plastic material with longitudinally extending, pulling resistant fibers embedded in a synthetic plastic matrix, the coil being composed of a plurality of coils arranged in cross-lay relative to one another on the light waveguide and each having a pitch length greater than 2.2 times the diameter of the primarily coated light waveguide.

Abstract: A measuring device with a light wave conductor-bending sensor for monitoring bridge structures comprises a light emitter and a light receiver, a multi-mode light wave conductor arranged to extend along a structural part and having two ends connected with the light emitter and the light receiver, respectively, an elongated plate having a lower side arranged to be placed on and connected with the structural part and also having an upper side provided with a longitudinal groove, two sliding rails arranged in the longitudinal groove and having outer ends fixed to the plate and inner ends spaced from one another to form an intermediate space and movable relative to the plate. The light wave conductor is fixed with one of the sliding rails, then extends through the intermediate space and forms a freely movable curve, and then exztends along and is fixed to the other of the movable rails.

Abstract: To enable a continuous measurement of damping of a light beam in light wave conductor (LWC)-sensor which is accessible at one end only, a measuring light beam emitted by a transmitter is guided through a light wave conductor into a beam divider in which a measuring partial light beam is guided in the same direction as the transmitted beam to a measuring LWC-sensor. At the free end of the sensor the measuring partial light beam is totally reflected to propagate in reverse direction back against the beam divider where it is deflected by 90.degree. and guided into a light receiving and measuring unit. The other partial light beam is employed either for the temperature compensation or for the compensation of the power output of the light transmitter or of sensitivity of the light receiver.

Abstract: To measure exactly minute elongations, for example on airplanes or bridge structures by means of a light wave conductor-phase sensor, the measuring beams of polarized light at the output of the sensor is divided by means of a beam divider into three partial light beams. The first partial light beam is directly received by a first light receiver; the second light beam is transmitted through a quarter wavelength plate and an analyzer to the second light receiver; and a third partial light beam is transmitted through an analyzer to the third light receiver. The electrical output signals from the light receivers carry information about extreme refraction values of the measuring light beam and are supplied to an electronic evaluation circuit.

Abstract: A device for measuring minute elongations of a light wave conductor is constructed as a light wave conductor-type sensing unit assembled of a series connection of a polarizer, a light coupler, a single polarization preserving, doubly refracting monomode light wave conductor enclosed in an elliptical sheathing and an analyzer. A light beam emitted from a laser diode is coupled via a light wave conducting correction cable to the polarizer and upon passage through the sensing unit is coupled via the light wave conducting connection cable to an optoelectric receiver and the electrical signals are evaluated in an electronic circuit. Changes in phase difference of the exiting light wave resulting from the minute changes in length of the light wave conductor are evaluated and scaled as geometric length units.