Abstract: A color effect material is composed of a plurality of encapsulated substrate platelets in which each platelet is encapsulated with a first layer selected from the group consisting of silicon, aluminum, titanium nitride and mixtures thereof, which acts as a reflector to light directed thereon, a second layer encapsulating the first layer in which the second layer provides a variable pathlength of light dependent on the angle of incidence of light impinging thereon and a third layer being selectively transparent to light directed thereon.

Abstract: A transparent iridescent thermoplastic resinous laminate film having at least 10 very thin layers of substantially uniform thickness, said layers being generally parallel, the contiguous adjacent layers being of different transparent thermoplastic resinous materials of which one is a naphthalate-based polyester or copolyester resin, the contiguous adjacent layers differing in refractive index by at least about 0.03.

Abstract: A method for reduction of NOx in a lean gaseous stream includes passing the gaseous stream at a temperature within the NOx sorbing temperature range through a catalyzed trap member having an oxidation catalyst intimately combined with a sorbent material. The sorbed NOx is periodically removed by introducing a combustible component into the gaseous stream and oxidizing it on the trap member to thermally desorb the NOx. The amount of combustible component introduced is limited to maintain the gaseous stream bulk composition lean and to avoid increasing the bulk temperature of the gaseous stream to a temperature which is too high for effective lean NOx abatement treatment. A suitable NOx abatement catalyst is used to reduce the desorbed NOx. Sorbing (trapping) and desorbing periods are alternated, usually in response to the temperature of the gaseous stream, and an apparatus to carry out the process is provided.

Abstract: A diesel powered vehicle is provided with an SCR system which uses an external reducing reagent to convert NOx emissions in a manner which accounts for the effects of NOx transient emissions on the reducing catalyst. Actual NOx emissions produced by the engine are filtered using a variable NOx time constant in turn correlated to the reductant/NOx storage capacity of the reducing catalyst at its current temperature to account for changes in the SCR system attributed to NOx transient emissions. Catalyst temperature is filtered using a variable catalyst time constant corresponding to current space velocity of the exhaust gas to account for changes in the catalyst temperature attributed to NOx transient emissions. The reductant is metered on the basis of the filtered, corrected NOx concentration applied at a NSR ratio based, in turn, on the filtered, corrected reducing catalyst temperature.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention relates to a catalyst system for use in olefinic polymerization, containing a solid titanium catalyst component; an organoaluminum compound having at least one aluminum-carbon bond; and an organosilicon compound comprising a (cycloalkyl)methyl group. Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method of making a catalyst for use in olefinic polymerization, involving the steps of reacting a Grignard reagent having a (cycloalkyl)methyl group with an orthosilicate to provide an organosilicon compound having a (cycloalkyl)methyl moiety; and combining the organosilicon compound with an organoaluminum compound having at least one aluminum-carbon bond and a solid titanium catalyst component to form the catalyst.

Abstract: A diesel powered vehicle is provided with an SCR system which uses an external reducing reagent to convert NOx emissions in a manner which accounts for the effects of NOx transient emissions on the reducing catalyst. Actual NOx emissions produced by the engine are filtered using a variable NOx time constant in turn correlated to the reductant/NOx storage capacity of the reducing catalyst at its current temperature to account for changes in the SCR system attributed to NOx transient emissions. Catalyst temperature is filtered using a variable catalyst time constant corresponding to current space velocity of the exhaust gas to account for changes in the catalyst temperature attributed to NOx transient emissions. The reductant is metered on the basis of the filtered, corrected NOx concentration applied at a NSR ratio based, in turn, on the filtered, corrected reducing catalyst temperature.

Abstract: Disclosed are horticultural substrates coated with a particulate membrane and a method for controlling pests and providing enhanced horticultural effect by applying a particulate membrane to the surface of the horticultural substrate.

Abstract: ETS-4 crystalline titanium silicate is produced so as to be enriched in at least one polymorph thereof which contains channels which interpenetrate the crystal lattice in both the b- and c-directions. A process of producing such a polymorph and enriched ETS-4 titanium silicate comprises the addition of a wetting agent to the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A non-chrome, copper-containing catalyst, Cu—Al—O and method of preparing the same are provided wherein the Cu—Al—O catalyst is prepared by the co-precipitation of copper nitrate (Cu(NO3)2) and sodium aluminate (Na2Al2O4) solutions using sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) as a precipitant. the precipitate is filtered, washed to remove excess sodium, and dried. The dried product, to be used in a powder form, is calcined at a preferred temperature of approximately 700 to 900° C. for approximately 1 to 4 hours. The dry powder, to be tableted or extruded, is calcined at a temperature of approximately 400 to 700° C. The activity of the Cu—Al—O catalyst can be promoted in hydrogenolysis applications by the addition of various agents. The Cu—Al—O catalyst can be employed in applications in place of Cu/Cr, or other copper-based catalysts.

Abstract: Catalyst composition, apparatus and a method employing such composition for the treatment of engine exhaust gases to reduce pollutants contained therein. The catalyst composition is a three-way catalyst which may be used in a close-coupled or medium-coupled mode. Optionally, one or more downstream catalyst members may also be present. The catalyst composition comprises a mixture of (a) ceria having a weighted numerical average particle size of not greater than about 100 nm and (b) a catalytically effective amount of a platinum-group metal catalytic component such as palladium disposed on a refractory metal oxide support such as activated alumina. The catalyst composition contains substantially no organic compounds nor substantially any zirconia in the form of a composite or a solid solution with said ceria. The catalyst composition is preferably disposed on a carrier such as cordierite.

Abstract: Provided is a ruthenium-based catalyst having from about 1 to 10 wt. % of a ruthenium component and at least about 0.5 wt. % of zinc oxide. In one embodiment of the catalyst, zinc oxide itself serves as a support on which the ruthenium is dispersed. In another embodiment, the ruthenium component and the zinc oxide are dispersed on a refractory oxide support other than zinc oxide. In a process aspect, the ruthenium-based catalyst can serve as a preferential oxidation catalyst in processes for removing carbon monoxide from an input gas stream containing carbon monoxide, hydrogen and oxygen. The invention also provides articles wherein multi-stage preferential oxidation processes for removal of carbon monoxide from hydrogen streams can be conducted.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a catalyzed metallic substrate, such as a metal plate. There is a catalyst layer supported on the substrate surface. The article is useful as part of exhaust systems which can be used with small engines for applications such as motorcycles, lawn mowers, chain saws, weed trimmers and the like. The present invention includes methods to prepare the catalyzed metal substrate and methods of use of the catalyzed substrate.

Abstract: This invention relates to zeolitic molecular sieve compositions and hybrid zeolite-silica compositions characterized by novel morphology in which the zeolite is present as macroscopic aggregates of microcrystalline zeolite. The zeolitic compositions of this invention have outstanding capability to complex multivalent cations, especially calcium due to the high exchange kinetics of the microcrystalline zeolite component and yet have the ease of handling due to the macroscopic aggregate assemblage.

Abstract: A gas stream containing nitrous oxide and ammonia is contacted with a catalyst composition containing a zeolite. N2O is reduced to N2 and H2O at low temperatures in a highly efficient manner. Ammonia-mediated reduction of nitrous oxide can be effectuated from gas streams having N2O concentrations as low as 1%. The gas stream may also contact a catalytic composition selective for the reduction of NOx. In this way, N2O and Nx treatment may be effectuated in a single process stream.

Abstract: A catalyst reduction system using diesel fuel as a reductant for vehicles equipped with diesel engines reduces NOx transient emissions produced during acceleration. Impending engine accelerations are sensed to produce metered pulse(s) of fuel oil simultaneously with and preferably in advance of, the NOx transient emission. The fuel pulse is sufficient in quantity to reduce the NOx transient emission when the NOx and HC resulting from the cracked fuel oil are present at spatially equal distances within the reducing catalytic converter. Optionally, the washcoat of the reducing catalyst is formulated to delay the adsorption/desorbtion of one of the gases on the washcoat to assure proper timing of the NOx transient and fuel pulse(s).

Abstract: An apparatus and method for vehicle emissions control. More particularly, an apparatus and method for insuring that the temperature of a vehicle's exhaust gas stream entering the underfloor catalytic converter during engine operation does not exceed the temperature at which the capability of the multi-functional catalyst in the converter to absorb NOx starts to fall off. A first temperature sensor is provided in the exhaust outlet leading from the exhaust manifold of the engine and a second temperature sensor is provided in the catalytic converter. The catalytic converter contains a multi-functional catalyst such as a three-way conversion catalyst and a NOx trap as well as a NOx sensor at its outlet for sensing when NOx breakthrough is occurring. The sensors transmit their readings to a controller which transmits signals to a proportional valve located in the exhaust outlet downstream of the first temperature sensor.

Abstract: A pressure swing adsorption process for the separation of nitrogen from natural gas utilizes two separate pressure swing adsorption stages, the first containing a hydrocarbon-selective adsorbent and the second containing a nitrogen-selective adsorbent. In the process, the product stream from the first pressure swing adsorption unit contains a natural gas stream having a reduced hydrocarbon content and the product stream from the second pressure swing adsorption unit is a natural gas stream having a reduced nitrogen concentration. The product from the second pressure swing adsorption unit is used to desorb the hydrocarbons from the first pressure swing adsorption unit so as to add the hydrocarbons, which have heat value to the product natural gas stream. Periodically, heating the nitrogen-selective adsorbent with heated product stream from the second pressure swing adsorption unit has been found to improve the capacity of the nitrogen-selective adsorbent to adsorb nitrogen.

Abstract: Method for extending the life of cut flowers such as roses by bathing the stems of the flowers in a storage solution which contains chlorine dioxide. Also disclosed are compositions for use in the method.

Abstract: A color effect material is composed of a plurality of encapsulated substrate platelets in which each platelet is encapsulated with copper, zinc, an alloy of copper, or an alloy of zinc first layer which acts as a reflector to light directed thereon, a second layer encapsulating the first layer in which the second layer provides an optically variable reflection of light impinging thereon and a third layer encapsulating the second layer and being selectively transparent to light directed thereon.

Abstract: A process for catalytically generating a hydrogen-rich gas from a hydrocarbon feed. A stream comprising the hydrocarbon feed , water and air is preheated to a temperature sufficiently high to initiate catalytic partial oxidation of the hydrocarbon feed. The preheated stream is then introduced into an autothermal reactor containing a layered catalyst member at a temperature sufficient to initiate and sustain both catalytic partial oxidation and catalytic steam reforming. At least part of the hydrocarbon feed is catalytically partially oxidized to produce a hydrogen-rich gas comprising hydrogen and carbon oxides and hydrocarbons remaining in the feed are steam reformed to produce further quantities of the hydrogen-rich gas. The layered catalyst member comprises a monolith substrate containing at least one layer of a steam reforming catalyst in contact with at least one layer of a catalytic partial oxidation catalyst.