Abstract: Massive bodies for rapidly and safely preparing highly converted solutions of chlorine dioxide are disclosed. These massive bodies when added to water produce more chlorine dioxide than when the equivalent weights of the ingredients in powder form are added to water. The solutions produced by the addition of massive bodies to water are also disclosed. The concentration of chlorine dioxide in the solution is such that the ratio of the concentration of chlorine dioxide to the sum of the concentrations of chlorine dioxide and chlorite anion is greater than 0.25:1 by weight.

Abstract: A process for the reduction of gaseous sulfur compounds in gaseous streams. The gaseous stream is contacted with a sorber, e.g., zinc oxide, which is cable of sorbing the sulfur compounds under sulfur sorbing conditions. The sorber is present in the form of one or more layers on the surface of a monolith carrier, e.g., cordierite. The layers of the sorber have a total thickness of at least 3 g/in3 of the carrier. The process is especially useful for the removal of gaseous sulfur compounds such as H2S from gaseous streams.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for reducing the TPM level of a diesel engine exhaust stream by providing a suitable oxidation catalyst into the exhaust train. The oxidation catalyst may be incorporated into a thermal insulative coating on the inner surface of the exhaust train, particularly the exhaust manifold and exhaust pipes prior to the turbocharger. Alternatively, when the exhaust train includes a turbocharger, the catalyst can be in a separate monolithic unit between the engine and the turbocharger. The system may also include an improved diesel oxidation catalyst unit having a metal monolithic substrate. The oxidation catalyst can also be incorporated into a thermal insulative coating inside the cylinders, particularly on non-rubbing surfaces such as The invention also includes the use of a protective mullite top coat on the thermal coating. A further embodiment is the use of a stainless steel bond coat to bind the thermal coating to a metallic substrate, particularly an aluminum substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to sulfur tolerant catalyst composites useful for reducing contaminants in exhaust gas streams, especially gaseous streams containing sulfur oxide contaminants. More specifically, the present invention is concerned with improved NOx trap catalysts for use in diesel engines as well as lean burn gasoline engines. The sulfur tolerant NOx trap catalyst composites comprise a platinum component, a support, a NOx sorbent component, and a spinel material prepared by calcining an anionic clay material represented by the formula MmNn(OH)(2m+2n)Aa.bH2O, wherein the formula is defined herein. The sulfur tolerant NOx trap catalyst composites are highly effective with a sulfur containing fuel by trapping sulfur oxide contaminants which tend to poison conventional NOx trap catalysts used to abate other pollutants in the stream.

Abstract: A diesel powered vehicle is provided with an SCR system which uses an external reducing reagent to convert NOx emissions in a manner which accounts for the effects of NOx transient emissions on the reducing catalyst. Actual NOx emissions produced by the engine are filtered using a variable NOx time constant in turn correlated to the reductant/NOx storage capacity of the reducing catalyst at its current temperature to account for changes in the SCR system attributed to NOx transient emissions. Catalyst temperature is filtered using a variable catalyst time constant corresponding to current space velocity of the exhaust gas to account for changes in the catalyst temperature attributed to NOx transient emissions. The reductant is metered on the basis of the filtered, corrected NOx concentration applied at a NSR ratio based, in turn, on the filtered, corrected reducing catalyst temperature.

Abstract: Aluminosilicate zeolites are formed in a novel reaction medium which contains a silicate source and an aluminum source in an aqueous alkaline solution and which reaction medium further includes an additional electrolyte salt. The addition of the electrolyte salt provides nucleation sites for the zeolite so as to form very small crystals. In high silica reaction environments, it is possible to form high aluminum zeolites which contain occluded silicate and wherein the morphology of the zeolites comprise macroscopic aggregates of microcrystalline zeolites. The addition of the electrolyte salt can also decrease the reaction time or temperature needed for crystallization.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of forming an aluminosilicate zeolite having a Si/Al≦1.1. The method comprises forming a reaction mixture by mixing a source of silica, and a source of aluminum in an aqueous alkaline solution having a pH of at least 12.0, wherein the Si/Al of said mixture is greater than 1.0.

Abstract: A pollutant treating device especially adapted for motor vehicles in which a housing containing a catalyst composition for treating pollutants is positioned within the normal flow pattern of ambient air within the motor vehicle and is preferably removably placed within a support, such as a bracket assembly where the housing can be readily removed and replaced and/or reused.

Abstract: Method for treating atmospheric pollutants by contacting the atmosphere with a catalyst composition or adsorptive material coated on the surface of a substrate in which the catalyst composition or adsorptive material is protected from degradation by harmful contaminants contained in the atmosphere by a coating of at least one porous protective material and a device useful therefor.

Abstract: In order to increase the long-term stability of the exhaust catalyst of an internal combustion engine, the exhaust gas is purified with respect to volatile phosphorus compounds before entering the catalyst.

Abstract: Porous titanium silicate molecular sieves are produced in the form of a membrane capable of separating fluid molecular mixtures.

Abstract: The invention provides a process, catalyst and apparatus for carrying out the water-gas shift reaction comprising employing a low-pyrophoricity water-gas shift reaction catalyst; wherein the low-pyrophoricity water-gas shift reaction catalyst comprises a solid high heat capacity particulate support impregnated with: (i) a reducible metal oxide and (ii) a catalytic agent.

Abstract: A process for adsorbing hydrocarbons from an acid gas stream includes passing the acid gas stream through an adsorbent which selectively removes hydrocarbons, desorbing the hydrocarbons from the adsorbent and contacting the desorbed hydrocarbons with an acid gas removal solution to remove acid gases which have been coadsorbed with the hydrocarbons. The process is particularly useful in removing hydrocarbons from a hydrogen sulfide-containing stream which is being directed to Claus processing for conversion into elemental sulfur. Useful adsorbents include crystalline titanium silicate molecular sieves containing titania octahedral sites such as ETS-10 and similar materials, as well as high silica aluminosilicate zeolite.

Abstract: Sodalite is treated with acid to transform the surface to provide a highly macroporous material that demonstrates water swing capacities exceeding those of high performance, low temperature desiccants under high latent load at relatively high ambient temperature and humidities.

Abstract: An improved method for purifying titania contaminated kaolin clay by froth flotation which features the use an hydroxamate flotation collector at a neutral or mildly alkaline pH wherein a slurry of the impure clay is conditioned for the flotation step in a baffled conditioning apparatus provided with mean for imparting sufficient mechanical energy to heat a dispersed slurry of the impure clay before flotation.

Abstract: A metal substrate is fabricated and coated with a catalyst for ozone conversion of atmosphere passing through the substrate. A plurality of aluminum foil sheets that have been slit, stretched and twisted into a plurality of regularly repeating channels having geometrically shaped openings are serially positioned one on top the other to form a foil stack with channel openings partially blocked by channel walls of overlying foil sheets. Thicker covers with openings at the top and bottom of the stack form a sandwich and the sandwich pleated to form corrugations in a flexible but rigid sandwich substrate. The channel walls are coated with an ozone depleting catalyst which the ozone atmosphere contacts to remove ozone as the ozone atmosphere travels through the stack construction.

Abstract: A multi-zoned catalytic trap for conversion of NOx in an exhaust gas stream which emanates from an engine which is operated with periodic alternations between lean, and stoichiometric or rich, conditions. The catalytic trap comprises a first zone, a second zone and, optionally, one or more intermediate zones disposed between the first zone and the second zone. Each of the zones comprises a catalytic trap material coated on a refractory carrier member. In the first zone, the catalytic trap material comprises a refractory metal oxide support having dispersed thereon a palladium catalytic component in the amount of about 30 to about 300 g/ft3, a platinum catalytic component in the amount of 0 to about 100 g/ft3 and a rhodium catalytic component in the amount of 0 to about 10 g/ft3; and a NOx sorbent comprising one or more basic oxygenated compounds of one or more alkaline earth metals and optionally, one or more basic oxygenated compounds of one or more alkali metals.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method, apparatus and composition for cleaning the atmosphere; and more particularly to a stationary substrate comprising at least one atmosphere contacting surface having a pollutant treating catalytic material coated thereon. Preferably, said catalytic material is capable of converting ozone to oxygen. Said coated substrate is advantageously non-flammable and flexible.

Abstract: Disclosed are blue shade red to magenta monoazo pigments which are obtained by diazotization of 5-alkoxy-2-aminobenzenesulfonic acids, coupling of the diazonium compound with a hydoxynaphthalenesulfonic acid and subsequent laking of the coupling product with a divalent metal salt. The pigments are characterized by the formula: wherein R is a lower alkyl, e.g. a methyl or ethyl group, or a hydroxycarbyl group, R1 is hydrogen, chloro, a lower alkyl group such as methyl or ethyl, or a lower alkoxy group such as a methoxy or an ethoxy group, and M is Ca, Sr, Ba, Mn, Mg or Zn. The new pigments have a magenta color, excellent heat stability, bleed fastness and very high color strength. These pigments are suitable for the pigmenting of plastics, inks and coatings, among other materials.

Abstract: A method to remove sulfur compounds from a gas having up to about 30 percent propylene. The gas is contacted with a zeolite compound at greater than 75° C. The zeolite compound comprises less than 5 percent water. Useful zeolites include X, Y and faujasite. The zeolite can ion exchanged with ions such as zinc ion.