Abstract: A color effect material is composed of a plurality of encapsulated substrate platelets in which each platelet is encapsulated with a first layer which acts as a reflector to light directed thereon, a visibly transparent second organic layer encapsulating the first layer in which the second layer provides an optically variable reflection of light impinging thereon and a third layer encapsulating the second layer and being selectively transparent to light directed thereon.

Abstract: A diesel powered vehicle is provided with an SCR system which uses an external reducing reagent to convert NOx emissions in a manner which accounts for the effects of NOx transient emissions on the reducing catalyst. Actual NOx emissions produced by the engine are filtered using a variable NOx time constant in turn correlated to the reductant/NOx storage capacity of the reducing catalyst at its current temperature to account for changes in the SCR system attributed to NOx transient emissions. Catalyst temperature is filtered using a variable catalyst time constant corresponding to current space velocity of the exhaust gas to account for changes in the catalyst temperature attributed to NOx transient emissions. The reductant is metered on the basis of the filtered, corrected NOx concentration applied at a NSR ratio based, in turn, on the filtered, corrected reducing catalyst temperature.

Abstract: A bismuth oxychloride effect pigment exhibiting improved light stability has a discontinuous coating of hydrous iron oxide on the crystals of the bismuth oxychloride. The pigment is prepared by growing the bismuth oxychloride crystals, adding a hydrolyzable iron salt thereto and then hydrolyzing the iron salt.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention relates to a brown pigment composition with excellent weathering resistance containing iron oxide, chromium oxide, and one or more alumina and/or silica components. Another aspect of the invention relates to a method of making a brown pigment involving combining iron oxide, chromium oxide, and one or more alumina and/or silica components to form a mixture and heating the mixture to provide brown pigment particles. Yet another aspect of the invention relates to a plastic composition containing a major amount of a plastic material and a minor amount of a brown pigment composition containing iron oxide, chromium oxide, and one or more alumina and/or silica components.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and article for treating a diesel engine exhaust stream. The stream is contacted with an upstream catalytic composition having a cerium component and/or a zeolite component to reduce the quantity and amount of the particulate matter in the exhaust stream. The stream passes from the upstream catalytic composition to a particulate filter located downstream from the upstream catalytic composition.

Abstract: A bismuth oxychloride effect pigment has a carbon black particulate at about the surface of the crystals of the bismuth oxychloride. The pigment is prepared by, for instance, growing the bismuth oxychloride crystals, and adding the particulate before the hydrolysis is complete.

Abstract: A method of water softening utilizes macrocrystalline aggregates consisting essentially of submicron crystals of aluminosilicate zeolite. The aggregates have a size of greater than 5 microns and are used in a static bed water softening device. Both regenerable and disposable water softening materials can be provided.

Abstract: A composition for controlling NOx emissions during FCC processes comprises (i) an acidic oxide support, (ii) cerium oxide, (iii) a lanthanide oxide other than ceria such as praseodymium oxide, and (iv), optionally, an oxide of a metal from Groups Ib and IIb such as copper, silver and zinc.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a layered catalyst composite of the type generally referred to as a three-way conversion catalyst having the capability of simultaneously catalyzing the oxidation of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide and the reduction of nitrogen oxides. The structure of the layered catalyst composite of the present invention is designed wherein there are three layers in conjunction with a carrier: a first layer deposited on the carrier and comprising a high surface area refractory metal oxide; a second layer deposited on the first layer and comprising palladium and/or platinum deposited on a high surface area refractory metal oxide, and having substantially no oxygen storage components; and a third layer deposited on the second layer and comprising platinum and/or rhodium as well as an oxygen storage component, deposited on a high surface area refractory metal oxide.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for vehicle emissions control are disclosed. More particularly, an apparatus and method for insuring that the temperature of a vehicle's exhaust gas stream entering the underfloor catalytic converter during engine operation does not exceed the temperature at which the capability of the multi-functional catalyst in the converter to absorb NOx starts to fall off. A first temperature sensor is provided in the exhaust outlet leading from the exhaust manifold of the engine and a second temperature sensor is provided in the catalytic converter. The catalytic converter contains a multi-functional catalyst such as a three-way conversion catalyst and a NOx trap as well as a NOx sensor at its outlet for sensing when NOx breakthrough is occurring. The sensors transmit their readings to a controller which transmits signal to a proportional valve located in the exhaust outlet downstream of the first temperature sensor.

Abstract: Method for treating atmospheric pollutants by contacting the atmosphere with a catalyst composition or adsorptive material coated on the surface of a substrate, preferably a motor vehicle radiator, in which the catalyst composition, preferably including a base metal, precious metal, or salts/oxides thereof, or adsorptive material, preferably including a zeolite, Group IIA alkaline earth metal oxide or carbon, is protected from degradation by harmful contaminants such as solid or aerosol particulates, water, SOx, NOx and water borne salts contained in the atmosphere by a coating of at least one porous protective material and a device useful therefor.

Abstract: A media for removal of arsenic from an aqueous system comprising a mixture of: activated bauxite, aluminum trihydrate and a ferric compound selected from the group consisting of ferric hydroxide, ferric oxyhydroxide, ferric hydroxyoxide and mixtures thereof. The mixture is preferably calcined and is thereafter formed into a powder, granules or extruded particles. Preferably, the mixture prior to calcination also contains a natural or synthetic filler which has the capability of modifing the porosity of the mixture. Removal of arsenic from the aqueous system is readily accomplished by contacting the aqueous system with the media until the arsenic is substantially removed from the aqueous system. If arsenic is present in the aqueous system in the +3 valence state, the aqueous system is preferably oxidized to convert the arsenic to the +5 valence state prior to contact of the aqueous system with the media.

Abstract: A color effect material is composed of a plurality of encapsulated substrate platelets in which each platelet is encapsulated with a first layer which acts as a reflector to light directed thereon, a visibly transparent second organic layer encapsulating the first layer in which the second layer provides an optically variable reflection of light impinging thereon and a third layer encapsulating the second layer and being selectively transparent to light directed thereon.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for carrying out the water gas shift reaction comprising employing a methane production suppressing water gas shift reaction catalyst, wherein the methane production suppressing water gas shift reaction catalyst comprises a methane production suppressing effective amount of a basic metal oxide.

Abstract: The invention pertains to the preparation and use of catalytic materials and catalyst members for the selective oxidation of carbon monoxide in a gas stream that contains hydrogen. One such catalyst member may be produced by depositing by electric arc spraying a metal feedstock onto a metal substrate to provide a metal anchor layer on the substrate, and depositing a catalytic material comprising platinum and iron dispersed on a refractory inorganic oxide support material onto the metal substrate. The catalytic material may optionally be produced by wetting the support material, especially a particulate support material, with a platinum group metal solution and iron solution and drying and calcining the wetted support material in air at a temperature in the range of from 200° C. to 300° C., preferably using a solution containing bivalent platinum ion species. The catalyst member may be used by flowing the gas stream therethrough at a temperature at about 90° C.

Abstract: A massive body, e.g., a tablet, for producing a solution of chlorine dioxide when the massive body is added to liquid water. The massive body comprises a metal chlorite such as sodium chlorite, an acid source such as sodium bisulfate and a source of free halogen such as the sodium salt of dichloroisocyanuric acid or a hydrate thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composite of cerium, zirconium and samarium components, a catalyst composition containing such composite and the use of the catalyst composition for the treatment of a gas stream to reduce contaminants contained therein. The catalyst composition has the capability of substantially simultaneously catalyzing the oxidation of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide and the reduction of nitrogen oxides.

Abstract: Comminuted particles of iridescent laminate film are prepared by supporting the film on a strippable substrate prior to the processing of the film into particulate form.

Abstract: Method for cleaning the atmosphere by adsorbing pollutants, e.g., hydrocarbons, ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, etc., contained in the atmosphere. The pollutant-containing atmosphere is contacted with an outer surface of a substrate, e.g., radiators, condensers, charge air coolers, transmission coolers, etc., which has been coated with an adsorptive material such as zeolites, molecular sieves, carbon, etc. The coated substrate is protected with an overcoat of at least one porous protective material such as alumina, silica and the like, such that the pollutants will come into contact with the adsorptive material, but harmful contaminants will be prevented from contacting the adsorptive material.

Abstract: A color effect material is composed of a plurality of encapsulated substrate platelets in which each platelet is encapsulated with a first layer which acts as a reflector to light directed thereon, a visibly transparent second organic layer encapsulating the first layer in which the second layer provides an optically variable reflection of light impinging thereon and a third layer encapsulating the second layer and being selectively transparent to light directed thereon.