Abstract: A method of uniforming physical random numbers while concurrently maintaining a random number generating rate and ensuring security. The method sequentially inputs a plurality of physical random numbers to a shift register to hold them there, and shifts them every time a reference pulse signal rises. Physical random numbers held in the shift register are randomly selected and output by a selector based on part of them. Accordingly, physical random numbers input to the shift register are uniformed and then output even thought they have a deviation, thereby eliminating the chance of not outputting random numbers or letting others recognize the deviation of random numbers.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery in which a positive electrode formed of a graphite powder and an negative electrode formed of a material capable of absorption/desorption of a lithium metal or lithium are placed to face each other in an electrolyte containing lithium salt. The positive electrode of this battery where a Lc (112) which is the size of crystallite in a c axis direction which is calculated from a (112) diffraction line of a graphite crystal and determined by a powder X-ray diffraction method which is from 4 nm to 30 nm, and a charge capacity at the first cycle which is calculated on the basis of a total weight of the graphite material of the positive electrode filled in the battery is 20 to 50 (mAh/g). Preferably, the graphite powder of the positive electrode has an ratio (A/B) which is the ratio of a specific surface area A determined by a nitrogen absorption (BET) method to a surface area B determined on the basis of an area average diameter of 20 or less.

Abstract: Magneto-optical crystals of each pixel of a magneto-optical device are magnetically and completely separated, and the entire surface thereof is flattened. Disclosed is a magneto-optical device including a non-magnetic substrate, a magneto-optical crystal embedded in recessed portions formed in the surface of the non-magnetic substrate at positions where pixels are to be located, and a partitioning wall monolithic with the non-magnetic substrate and magnetically separating the magneto-optical crystal from each other at the position of a gap between the pixels, wherein the entire surface of the magneto-optical device is flattened.

Abstract: To provide a magnetizing apparatus and magnetizing method in which, even in preparation of a ring-shaped permanent magnet having a narrow magnetization pitch with multiple poles magnetized on an extremely small diameter, sufficient magnetization and high magnetization quality can be achieved and powerful magnetization can be carried out efficiently and quickly at low cost. A permanent magnet magnetizing apparatus includes a heating section 10, a magnetizing section 12 axially disposed as a discrete structure from the heating section 10, and a holding member 22 for holding magnetization object 20 and movable relative to the heating section and the magnetizing section. The magnetization object heated in the heating section is transferred to the magnetizing section and is magnetized therein.

Abstract: A method of magnetizing into a permanent magnet comprises placing magnetizing magnetic field applying means to be adjacent to an object to be magnetized into the permanent magnet, and continuing to apply a magnetizing magnetic field to the object by the magnetizing magnetic field applying means while cooling the object from a temperature of its Curie point or above to a temperature of below the Curie point.

Abstract: A variable optical attenuator comprising a separation/combination birefringent element, fixed polarization rotation means, a convex lens, variable polarization rotation means, and a mirror which are arranged in that order. The fixed polarization rotation means has a compensation film Faraday element placed in a cylindrical permanent magnet, and the variable polarization rotation means has a base film Faraday element that is placed outside the cylindrical permanent magnet, and an electromagnet applying a variable magnetic field thereto. Thereby, both the Faraday elements are magnetized in directions different from each other.

Abstract: Variation in inductance and leakage inductance between the secondary windings is reduced thereby making lamp currents uniform and thus preventing the occurrence of uneven brightness. A two-output inverter transformer comprises a bobbin having a primary winding wound around the middle and secondary windings wound on both sides thereof and having a pole-like core inserted into its winding shaft. A rectangle frame-like core is placed to surround the primary and secondary windings such that the pole-like core is opposite the rectangle frame-like core with a gap sheet interposed at either end. Their sizes are set such that L2?L1>2 t, where L1 is the length of the rectangle frame-like core, L2 is the length of the pole-like core, and t is the thickness of the gap sheet, and they are so combined that the pole-like core protrudes evenly from the opposite ends of the rectangle frame-like core.

Abstract: An alkaline primary cell which is improved in reduction of self-discharge and cell capacity under storage at a high temperature, has a prolonged life and makes use of nickel oxyhydroxide is provided inexpensively. ?-Form nickel oxyhydroxide is contained in a positive electrode mixture as an active material, which contains cobalt and zinc as a substitutional element for solid solution, and has a total amount X+Y of molar ratios of cobalt atom X and zinc atom Y such that 2?X+Y?16, with a mixing ratio satisfying the relationship of Y?3/2×X+1/2 and Y?2/3×X ?1/3, and where a diffraction peak obtained as a result of measurement of X-ray powder diffraction of nickel oxyhydroxide appears only in the vicinity of 18.5° within a range of 2?=10°-30°.

Abstract: An optical attenuator with increased dynamic range and reduced temperature-dependence over the dynamic range. The optical attenuator has a Faraday rotational angle variable device which applies an external magnetic field to light polarized by a garnet crystal, and a polarizer and an analyzer disposed at the front and rear of the optical axis of the device. There is an angle x formed between the plane of polarization of the light incident to the garnet crystal and the magnetic field orthogonal to the optical axis, where an angle y is formed between the polarizer and the analyzer, and the angle x is set to satisfy {(?z/2)+90×n}?12<x<{(?z/2)+90×n}+12 (n=0, 1, 2 or 3), where z=y±90; z is the angle of rotation of the plane of polarization caused by the Faraday rotational angle variable device.

Abstract: A variable optical attenuator comprising a separation/combination birefringent element, fixed polarization rotation means, a convex lens, variable polarization rotation means, and a mirror which are arranged in that order. The fixed polarization rotation means has a compensation film Faraday element placed in a cylindrical permanent magnet, and the variable polarization rotation means has a base film Faraday element that is placed outside the cylindrical permanent magnet, and an electromagnet applying a variable magnetic field thereto. Thereby, both the Faraday elements are magnetized in directions different from each other.

Abstract: It is possible to reduce the size of a magneto-optical device, increase the speed of optical control, simplify power supply structure and its control, and maintain a Faraday rotation angle in an arbitrary state even after shut-off of the excitation current. The magneto-optical device includes a magnetic yoke (10) made of a high-permeability magnetic material, the magnetic yoke including a tabular portion (16) and four pillar portions (18) protruding from one side of the tabular portion (16), a coil (12) wound on each of the pillar portions, and a magneto-optical element (14) arranged in an open-magnetic-circuit region surrounded by the end portions of the four pillar portions. A magnetic field obtained by a coil is applied to the magneto-optical element.

Abstract: A random number generator includes a flip-flop in which an output state (0 or 1) becomes definite according to a phase difference between signals inputted to two input units, a delay unit for producing the phase difference in these two input signals, and a feedback circuit for controlling the phase difference so that an occurrence ratio of 0 or 1 of an output from the flip-flop by the input signals is constant within a specified repetition cycle.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery having a positive electrode made of a carbonaceous material, an electrolyte containing a lithium salt, and a negative electrode made of metallic lithium or a material capable of occluding and releasing lithium, wherein said positive electrode is formed from a boronized graphitic material containing boron or a boron compound such that the content of boron therein is 0.05-11 wt %. A method for production of the positive electrode of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a positive electrode 11 made of graphite powder and a negative electrode 13 made of lithium metal or a lithium-intercalatable/deintercalatable material. The positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 13 are faced to each other with an electrolyte, containing a lithium salt, interposed in between. The positive electrode 11 has a carbon-derived absorption peak which appears within a range of 3200 gauss to 3400 gauss in an electron spin resonance method in which measurement is performed using an X band. A relative ratio (?H40K/?H296K) of the full width of half maximum intensity ?H40K of the peak measured at a temperature of 40 K to the full width of half maximum intensity ?H296K of the peak measured at a temperature of 296 K is 2.1 or more. Accordingly, it is possible to provide the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery which prevents degradation of the capacity in charge/discharge cycles after performing high temperature floating charge.

Abstract: A reflective optical switch comprises an input/output port portion; a polarization separator/combiner for separating lights in the same optical path and combining lights in different optical paths; a Faraday rotation angle changer; a polarization rotator for changing the relationship in polarizing direction between lights in different optical paths; a birefringence element for optical path control for controlling optical path shift in response to polarizing direction; and a polarization rotating reflector for rotating polarizing direction 90 degrees on forward and return paths. The input/output port portion, the polarization separator/combiner, the Faraday rotation angle changer, the polarization rotator, the birefringence element for optical path control, and the polarization rotating reflector are arranged along the optical path, and the Faraday rotation angle changer includes a Faraday element and an electromagnet for controlling 90-degree change in polarizing direction of transmitted light thereof.

Abstract: A noncontact coupler comprising a pair of magnetic cores 1, 1 each having a U-shaped open magnetic path, a primary coil L1 and secondary coil L2 being wound around said cores 1, 1 separately respectively, said coupler transmitting AC electric power between said primary and secondary coils L1, L2 by means of an annular closed magnetic path B formed by opposing in proximity both open magnetic face sides of said cores, wherein said primary and secondary magnetic cores 1, 1 are respectively split at least at their sides facing to each other, and a gap forming a spatial magnetic path is interposed between said split pieces. A diameter a of a medium leg 51 positioned inside an annular groove 52 around in which the coils L1, L2 are wound (housed) is set almost equal to a width b of the annular groove 52. These provide effects of lightening a noncontact coupler while securing its performance and improving handleability with enhancing tolerance for positioning of the primary and secondary cores.

Abstract: A fuel cell includes an electric power generation part; the electric power generation part including an air electrode to which oxygen gas is supplied, a fuel electrode to which fuel gas is supplied, and a solid electrolyte layer having a proton conductivity and put between the air electrode and fuel electrode; a fuel storage part storing a liquid fuel; a liquid fuel vaporization film made of non-porous material and configured to vaporize the liquid fuel so as to supply fuel gas to the fuel electrode; and a gas fuel supply speed control plate provided between the liquid fuel vaporization film and the fuel electrode and configured to control a supply speed of the fuel gas to the fuel electrode. The gas fuel supply speed control plate includes a plurality of openings piercing between the liquid fuel vaporization film and the fuel electrode.

Abstract: A signal transmission cable with a connector, that includes a shielded cable having a shielding layer and an insulating coating layer, which cover a periphery of a plurality of insulated wires, and a magnetic powder compound layer interposed between the shielding layer and the insulating coating layer; a connector which is electrically and mechanically connected to at least one end of the shielded cable, and which has a shielding metal cover extending from a housing part to a cable end, the housing part holding terminals to be connected to the insulated wires; and a closed magnetic path core which is fitted on the shielding layer with the insulating coating layer partly removed at the end of the shielded cable. The shielding layer is folded back so as to cover outside of the closed magnetic path core and a tip portion of the shielding layer is connected to the shielding metal cover.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery having a positive electrode made of a carbonaceous material, an electrolyte containing a lithium salt, and a negative electrode made of metallic lithium or a material capable of occluding and releasing lithium, wherein said positive electrode is formed from a boronized graphitic material containing boron or a boron compound such that the content of boron therein is 0.05-11 wt %. A method for production of the positive electrode of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery in which a positive electrode formed of a graphite powder and an negative electrode formed of a material capable of absorption/desorption of a lithium metal or lithium are placed to face each other in an electrolyte containing lithium salt. The positive electrode of this battery where a Lc (112) which is the size of crystallite in a c axis direction which is calculated from a (112) diffraction line of a graphite crystal and determined by a powder X-ray diffraction method which is from 4 nm to 30 nm, and a charge capacity at the first cycle which is calculated on the basis of a total weight of the graphite material of the positive electrode filled in the battery is 20 to 50 (mAh/g). Preferably, the graphite powder of the positive electrode has an ratio (A/B) which is the ratio of a specific surface area A determined by a nitrogen absorption (BET) method to a surface area B determined on the basis of an area average diameter of 20 or less.