Abstract: The invention provides new methods for the direct umpolung self-condensation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) by organocatalysis, thereby upgrading the readily available substrate into 5,5?-di(hydroxymethyl)furoin (DHMF). While many efficient catalyst systems have been developed for conversion of plant biomass resources into HMF, the invention now provides methods to convert such nonfood biomass directly into DHMF by a simple process as described herein. The invention also provides highly effective new methods for upgrading other biomass furaldehydes and related compound to liquid fuels. The methods include the organocatalytic self-condensation (umpolung) of biomass furaldehydes into (C8-C12)furoin intermediates, followed by hydrogenation, etherification or esterification into oxygenated biodiesel, or hydrodeoxygenation by metal-acid tandem catalysis into premium hydrocarbon fuels.

Abstract: This document describes a process/strategy for age hardening nickel based alloys to create desirable properties with reduced energy expenditure. The inventive process introduces isolated atom nucleation sites to accelerate the nucleation rate by approximately 36 times, thereby permitting age hardening to occur in significantly less time and with significantly less energy expenditure.

Abstract: Systems and methods to develop a vascular model of vascular trees that are captured with 3-Dimensional medical imaging data of a subject. Image processing iteratively traverses vessel image segments within the imaging data and creates a vessel model defined within a data structure that defines branch segments and bifurcation points where those branch segments split. The model generation algorithms incorporate strategies and parameters to identify and repair falsely identified bifurcations that reflect false inter-tree and intra-tree connections that can appear when processing images with complicated vessel trees. Accurate traversal of the vessel tree as portrayed in 3-Dimensional medical images is emphasized to correctly label branch generations and identify and repair erroneous interconnections between adjacent trees.

Abstract: A solar cell includes a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, a photoactive layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an electron donor and an electron acceptor, and a partially oxidized metal thin film between the first electrode and the photoactive layer.

Abstract: Medical devices with surfaces on which viable biologic cells are magnetically attracted and retained are disclosed along with methods of magnetic coating. The medical devices can be located in a carrier liquid containing high concentrations of magnetic cells before or after implantation. The carrier liquid with magnetic cells may be contact with the medical device in vitro or in vivo. In either case, the carrier liquid may have a concentration of magnetic cells that is high enough to facilitate coating of the medical device within an acceptable period of time, e.g., several hours or less. Magnetization of medical devices before, during, and/or after implantation and apparatus for performing the same are disclosed. Degaussing of magnetic medical devices is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of detecting high-grade dysplasia, pancreatobiliary cancer, or metastatic cancer to the pancreatobiliary tract or inferring an increased risk thereof, comprising obtaining a sample of pancreatobiliary cells from a patient with a set of detectably labeled probes comprising a locus-specific probe for MCL1 (myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1), a locus-specific probe for EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor), a locus-specific probe for MYC, and a locus-specific probe for P16 under hybridization conditions and determining the presence of chromosomal abnormalities; a set of probes comprising a locus-specific probe for MCL1, a locus-specific probe for EGFR, a locus-specific probe for MYC, and a locus-specific probe for P16; and a kit comprising the set of probes and instructions for detecting high-grade dysplasia, pancreatobiliary cancer, or metastatic cancer to the pancreatobiliary tract, or inferring an increased risk thereof, in a patient.

Abstract: A power inverter includes a DC/AC inverter having first, second and third phase circuitry coupled to receive power from a power source. A controller is coupled to a driver for each of the first, second and third phase circuitry (control input drivers). The controller includes an associated memory storing a phase skipping control algorithm, wherein the controller is coupled to receive updating information including a power level generated by the power source. The drivers are coupled to control inputs of the first, second and third phase circuitry, where the drivers are configured for receiving phase skipping control signals from the controller and outputting mode selection signals configured to dynamically select an operating mode for the DC/AC inverter from a Normal Control operation and a Phase Skipping Control operation which have different power injection patterns through the first, second and third phase circuitry depending upon the power level.

Abstract: Rubber composites containing macro-, micro-, and nano-sized fillers made from agricultural, industrial, and food processing wastes, methods of making the same, and articles fabricated therefrom, are described. In a particular embodiment described herein is a rubber composite comprising a) a rubber component selected from the group consisting of: a natural rubber component; and a synthetic rubber component; b) a crosslinking system; one or more accelerators; one or more activators; and a filler comprising vegetable waste, mineral waste, lignocellulosic waste, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for optical emission spectroscopy which includes a light measuring unit measuring light in a process chamber performing a plasma process on a substrate, a light analyzing unit receiving light collected from the light measuring unit to analyze a plasma state, a control unit receiving an output signal of the light analyzing unit to process the output signal, and a light collecting controller disposed between the process chamber and the light measuring unit so as to be combined with the light measuring unit. The light collecting controller controls the light collected to the light measuring unit.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a 2D material layer having a bandgap. The 2D material layer includes two multilayer 2D material regions and a channel region therebetween. A first electrode electrically contacts one of the multilayer 2D material regions, and a second electrode electrically contacts the other of the multilayer 2D material regions.

Abstract: Provided is an omega-transaminase mutant with improved activity using a point mutation in an active site of an omega-transaminase. Specifically, provided is a method for improving activity and extending a substrate spectrum of omega-transaminase by introducing a point mutation into a wild-type omega-transaminase rendered by replacing tryptophan at position 58 with the other amino acid.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions and methods for the treatment of DENND1 A. V2 related disorders, such as PCOS, are provided. In particular, humanized and mouse monoclonal antibodies specific for DENND1 A. V2 and methods for using the same are provided.

Abstract: A plasma processing device capable of plasma shaping through magnetic field control includes: a vacuum chamber having an inner space on which a substrate is mounted; an antenna positioned on the upper portion of the chamber and generating plasma in the inner space of the chamber; a magnetic field generation unit including a first magnetic field generation unit disposed on the lower portion of the chamber and including one or more electromagnetic coils and a second magnetic field generation unit including one or more electromagnetic coils disposed on the side of the chamber; and a control unit controlling current input into the electromagnetic coils of the magnetic field generation unit.

Abstract: Assays are described which measure polyamine transport activity and markers associated with polyamine transport and metabolism. These data are then used for the selection of treatments using therapies which target polyamine transport and polyamine metabolism. The assay includes a substrate to which a protein-containing cell sample can bind, a solution comprising a first antibody specific against ATP13A3, wherein the first antibody is configured to bind to ATP13A3 protein on the substrate, a solution comprising a second antibody specific against the first antibody, the second antibody comprising an enzyme linked thereto, wherein the second antibody is configured to bind to the first antibody.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a microarray substrate having improved reliability and mass-production properties using a vapor of a surface-reforming material, and the method of manufacturing the microarray substrate according to the present invention includes washing a base substrate, supplying the vapor of the surface-reforming material into a container to which the base substrate is provided, and coupling the vapor of the surface-reforming material to a surface of the base substrate to form a self-assembed monolayer.

Abstract: Methods and compositions involving polypeptides having an aglycosylated antibody Fc domain are provided. In certain embodiments, polypeptides have an aglycosylated Fc domain that contains one or more substitutions compared to a native Fc domain. Additionally, some embodiments involve an Fc domain that is binds some Fc receptors but not others. For example, polypeptides are provided with an aglycosylated Fc domain that selectively binds Clq, and optionally activating Fc receptors, but that is significantly reduced for binding to the inhibitory Fc?RIIb receptor. Furthermore, methods and compositions are provided for promoting complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) using a polypeptide having a modified aglycosylated Fc domain and a second non-Fc binding domain, which can be an antigen binding region of an antibody or a non-antigen binding region. Some embodiments concern antibodies with such polypeptides, which may have the same or a different non-Fc binding domain.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for an adaptive Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) streaming service using metadata of content are provided. The metadata may include one or more BaseURL elements. Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) of segments forming media may be generated based on the BaseURL elements. Additionally, a URL of a segment may be generated by mapping a BaseURL element among the BaseURL elements to a sourceURL attribute of the segment. Segments indicated by generated URLs may be identical to each other.

Abstract: ‘UFR-15’ is a new and distinct diploid hybrid citrus rootstock for improved disease resistance. ‘UFR-15’ has shown a positive reaction to the Huanglongbing disease (HLB, or citrus greening disease) in multiple experimental field trials. Scion trees grafted on this rootstock show a reduced frequency of infection and reduced disease symptoms once infected as compared to commercial diploid rootstocks.

Abstract: ‘UF12-82-3’ is a new coleus plant distinguished by having a combination of novel mounded growth habit, excellent heat tolerance, and lance-shaped leaves consistently colored deep maroon with bright green margins that is significantly different than other coleus plants.