Abstract: A method for preparing ammonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate salt comprising reacting a secondary amine with an aldehyde to form an iminium ion; hydrogenating the iminium ion by reaction with a reducing agent to form a tertiary amine; reacting the tertiary amine with a mineral acid to form an amine salt; and reacting the amine salt with K[B(C6F5)4], Li[B(C6F5)4], or combinations thereof to form an ammonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate salt, wherein the secondary amine is derived from a non-animal source and the aldehyde has seven or more carbon atoms; wherein the ammonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate salt is characterized by a solubility at 25° C. in hexane, cyclohexane or methylcyclohexane of at least 10 weight percent; and wherein the tertiary amine has a molecular weight of at least 450 g/mole is provided.

Abstract: A method according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure includes, among other things, controlling a vehicle in response to a diagnostic test performed to detect an incorrect cable connection of the vehicle.

Abstract: A vehicle door provides for the decoupling of the load path by a cut-out area formed in the door inner sheet-metal. In an impact event the front or lower portion of the door inner sheet-metal is pushed inboard while the cut-out area prevents the dragging of the rear or upper portion of the door inner sheet-metal. The cut-out area of the inner door sheet-metal is preferably elongated or can be another shape. It may be a close- or open-ended slot. A stiffening bead may be formed in the inner door sheet-metal adjacent the cut-out area. To provide a seal against water or debris, an adhesive material such as water-proof tape is positioned over the cut-out area. A door beam may be provided. A door spacer block may be positioned between the door beam and the door inner sheet-metal. Door trim padding may be provided over the inner door sheet-metal.

Abstract: The disconnect clutch and motor of a parallel type hybrid electric vehicle are repositioned within the wet zone of an automatic transmission to compactly and efficiently reconfigure a drive line using a motor and transmission assembly. A drive shell is provided interposed between the engine output and the disconnect clutch input which surrounds the torque converter enabling the torque converter to move independent to the engine output shaft. The resulting structure is compact and provides good structural support and cooling for the disconnect clutch and motor.

Abstract: A metal reinforcement for a B-pillar of an automotive vehicle includes a lower flange and an upper structure. The lower flange is adapted to adjoin a door sill structure of the automotive vehicle, and the upper structure includes a central portion, surrounded by a plurality of spaced, paired regions. In each paired region, members are identically ordered in position from the central portion, and both members of each paired region have the same profile thickness.

Abstract: An integral window surround for a vehicle. The window surround includes upper, front, and rear glass runs for guiding and sealing a glass window, as well as a mirror sail for mounting a side mirror, and a B-pillar appliqué for providing decorative covering for the B-pillar. A belt molding extends across the bottom of the surround, with attachment means for securing the surround to the vehicle body. Sealing elements are also provided. If desired, an alternative implementation can be provided without the mirror sail, suitable for rear windows and windows that do not have a side mirror. The components of the surround are integral, which is accomplished by forming the surround in a two-shot molding process. The structural elements are molding in a first shot, and at that point decorative films can be inserted into the mold to provide a desired surface finish. The second shot forms the sealing elements.

Abstract: Embodiments for monitoring fuel system degradation are provided. In one example, a method for a vehicle comprises evacuating fuel from a first fuel tank to a second fuel tank, and indicating fuel system degradation in response to a change in fuel system pressure following the evacuation of fuel. In this way, fuel system degradation may be indicated without use of a separate pressure building device.

Abstract: A vehicle grille assembly is provided with a grille and a close-out assembly. The close-out assembly is adapted to at least partially block an airflow opening in the vehicle grille is moveable to translate and rotate with respect to the airflow opening.

Abstract: A method of operating a brake assistance system in a vehicle is disclosed. The method includes determining a braking operation as an emergency braking situation, which in turn includes sensing a braking pressure applied to a brake pedal, determining a braking pressure gradient of the braking pressure, and evaluating at least one factor of the driving situation, checking whether that factor indicates an emergency braking situation. If that factor indicates an emergency braking situation, adjustments to a braking pressure threshold value and a braking pressure gradient threshold value are carried out, reducing those threshold values by a predetermined amount. Thereafter, if both the braking pressure and the braking pressure gradient exceed the adjusted braking pressure threshold value and the adjusted braking pressure gradient threshold value, respectively, the braking operation is identified to be an emergency braking situation, accompanying activation of an emergency braking cycle.

Abstract: A rotary-vane vacuum pump comprises a stator and a vaned rotor, the stator partly defining an outlet chamber and including an outlet passage opening to the outlet chamber. The rotor is rotatably sealed to the stator; it has a sealing area to block the outlet passage, and, an unsealing area alignable with the outlet passage by rotation of the rotor to periodically unblock the outlet passage. The disclosed pump offers reduced resistance to lubricant oil discharge from the outlet passage, which results in lower differential pressure between inlet and outlet chambers at the end of the pumping cycle.

Abstract: A method for reducing the braking distance for a vehicle having an anti-lock braking mechanism (ABS) and a hydraulic braking system detects a brake pressure requested by the vehicle's driver (Prequested), and calculates the brakes pressure values at which the wheels of the vehicle lock. A maximum brake pressure value of these different brake pressure values is then compared with the driver's requested brake pressure value (Prequested). If the requested brake pressure value is much higher than the maximum brake pressure value, then the actual brake pressure applied at different wheels (Pactual) is set to a level below the requested brake pressure (Prequested), but still higher than the maximum brake pressure value. This reduces the amount of work required to be done by the ABS in pumping the excessive brake fluid out of the braking system of the vehicle, and allows for precise control of ABS mechanism during wheel slip conditions.

Abstract: Various bulkhead inserts having a cracked cap are provided. In one example, a cylinder block includes a plurality of cylinder bores, a crankcase disposed below the cylinder block in a vertical direction, and a plurality of inserts, where each adjacent pair of inserts of the plurality of inserts partitions each cylinder bore of the plurality of cylinder bores. Each insert of the plurality of inserts has an upper portion and a cap disposed below the upper portion, the cap cracked from the upper portion and rejoined to the upper portion by one or more fastening devices, the upper having one or more upper bosses, each upper boss having a surface with extruded, circumferentially-extending serrations.

Abstract: A composition comprising; (A.) one or more isocyanate functional prepolymers having alkoxysilane moieties; (B) a catalytic amount of one or mote compounds that catalyze the reaction of isocyanate moieties with moieties containing active hydrogen atoms; (C) carbon black; and (D) untreated calcium carbonate in an amount of about 1 to about 30 parts by weight based on the total weight of the composition.

Abstract: A piston 10 for an engine has a number of elongate pockets 21, 22, 23, 24 each of which is arranged at an angle relative to a longitudinal axis HP2 of a contact zone 15 on the thrust and anti-thrust sides of the piston 10. The pockets 21, 22, 23, 24 are arranged in two columns C1, C2 one on each longitudinal side of a central portion 20 of the contact zone 15 to form partial barriers to reduce the loss of oil from the central portion 20 during use of the piston 10. The pockets 21, 22, 23, 24 are oriented differently above and below a transverse axis HP1 of the contact zone 15 so as to reduce the loss of oil irrespective of the direction of motion of the piston 10.

Abstract: An adjustable rotary vane pump configured to reduce pressure pulsations during hydraulic fluid discharge includes a housing having two side plates positioned in parallel. Each side plate has multiple grooves formed in its surface. A rotor mounted between the side plates has multiple vanes extending radially outward. A lift ring surrounds the rotor, pivotally connected to the housing to swivel between positions eccentric to the housing. During rotation of the rotors, the vanes divide the annular region between the rotor and the lift ring into multiple cells, which alternately position themselves between a suction zone and a pressure zone of the pump. In a transition region between the suction and pressure zone, when the lift ring is between pre-determined angular positions, the grooves within lift ring and the side plate substantially align to create an overflow channel, which transfers the hydraulic fluid from the suction zone to the pressure zone.

Abstract: A method for controlling an engine having an exhaust gas heat exchanger includes measuring air mass flow, engine coolant temperature (ECT), exhaust gas temperature (EGT), heat exchanger coolant temperature (HECT), and engine speed; and operating a valve to selectively provide exhaust gas flow through the exhaust gas heat exchanger based on air mass flow, ECT, EGT, HECT, and engine speed. A vehicle has an engine and an exhaust heat recovery system with an exhaust gas heat exchanger and a valve configured to control exhaust gas flow. A controller for the vehicle is configured to (i) measure air mass flow, ECT, EGT, HECT, and engine speed, and (ii) operate the valve to selectively provide exhaust gas flow through the exhaust gas heat exchanger based on air mass flow, ECT, EGT, HECT, and engine speed.

Abstract: A vehicle body structure comprises body side panels each comprising a roof mounting surface, a roof panel having opposing sides, and a brazed joint attaching the roof panel to the body side panels along a line of contact. The roof panel comprises a raised bead portion on each side of a central portion, character lines having sloped surfaces extending downward from each raised bead portion to the central portion, and a side mounting flange at each side of the roof panel that curls under the raised bead portions. Each side mounting flange has a line of contact with a corresponding roof mounting surface.

Abstract: A method of purifying crude organometallic compounds using a plurality of distillation columns is provided. This method effectively removes both relatively more volatile impurities and relatively less volatile impurities as compared to the organometallic compound.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a starter motor, an engine having an output mechanically coupled to the starter motor, a transmission having an input, and an electric machine mechanically coupled to the transmission input. The vehicle further includes a clutch configured to mechanically couple the electric machine and the output of the engine, and at least one controller. The at least one controller is programmed to initiate an engine start based on driver demand. The controller is further configured to enable pressure to the clutch for the engine start if driver demand is less than a calibratable torque value or enable the starter motor for the engine start if the driver demand is greater than a calibratable torque value. The controller may lock the clutch to the output of the engine in response to the speed of the engine being approximately equal to the speed of the electric machine.

Abstract: A vehicle regenerative braking control system includes a brake pedal; a brake pedal angle sensor interfacing with the brake pedal; a vehicle braking system interfacing with the brake pedal angle sensor, the vehicle braking system adapted to implement friction braking and regenerative braking responsive to receiving a brake pedal angle input signal from the brake pedal angle sensor; and at least one of a brake pedal switch and a brake master cylinder pressure sensor interfacing with the brake pedal and the vehicle braking system. The vehicle braking system is further adapted to implement friction braking and regenerative braking responsive to input from the at least one of a brake pedal switch and a brake master cylinder pressure sensor in the event that the vehicle braking system does not receive the brake pedal angle input signal from the brake pedal angle sensor. A regenerative braking control method is also disclosed.