Abstract: A process for the catalytic hydrogenation of liquid fatty acid triglycerides and the simultaneous recovery of fatty alcohols and C.sub.3 diols in the presence of gaseous hydrogen and hydrogenation catalysts under pressures of from 50 to 300 bar and at temperatures in the range from 160.degree. to 250.degree. C., to produce fatty alcohols in at least 99% of the theoretical yield and of 1,2-propanediol in at least 80% of the theoretical yield and a maximum paraffin content of 0.5% of the theoretical yield is disclosed. The hydrogenation reaction is carried out in a tube bundle reactor operated under isothermal conditions through a cooling or heating fluid, the liquid phase being passed as co-current trickle phase with the gaseous phase over catalyst packings in the individual reactor tubes without back-mixing, and in that the load per unit volume of the reactor is selected between 0.2 and 2.5 l starting material per 1 reactor volume per hour and the load per unit area of each individual reactor tube between 1.

Abstract: The use of compositions containing bis- or oligo-bis-guanides, alcohols, hydrogen peroxide, carboxylic acids, and water, applied externally, provides for the effective control of eggs of the threadworm Enterobius vermicularis on the skin.

Abstract: Terminally blocked polyethoxylated fatty alcohols of the formula:R--O--(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n --R.sup.1 (I)wherein R is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group having from 6 to 28 carbon atoms, R.sub.1 is a linear alkyl group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and n is an integer having a value of from 2 to 12 are used as anti-foaming additives in the manufacture and/or processing of food stuffs as well as in fermentation processes.

Abstract: Novel alkyl aryl ether derivatives corresponding to the formula: ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is a C.sub.8 -C.sub.20 alkyl group with one or more branches, E is a group --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 -- or --CH.dbd.CH-- and R.sup.2 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, a C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 hydroxyalkyl group, an alkoxyalkyl group containing 1 to 4 C atoms in the alkoxy group and 2 to 4 C atoms in the alkyl group, hydrogen or a salt-forming cation, are highly effective sebosuppressive agents in cosmetic or pharmaceutical preparations for topical application to the hair and to the skin.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of wastewaters heavily polluted by fats, proteins and/or carbohydrates of vegetable or animal origin or their processing products by degradation by microorganisms in a continuous flow reactor without separation of fats and/or sludges, comprising passing the wastewasters through a first part of a reactor containing aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms to consume the free oxygen present in the water, with at least partial degradation of the pollutants to fermentation products, and on flowing through another, adjoining part of the reactor, the fermentation products and any pollutants still present are coverted in the presence of the anaerobic microorganisms into--predominantly--digester gas and biomass. Optionally, fertilizing and/or pH-stabilizing substances or other auxiliaries are added in order to reduce the susceptibility of the system to failure.

Abstract: A process for the ozonization of unsaturated organic compounds in a reaction column through which the unsaturated compounds--in solution in a protic solvent--and an ozone-containing carrier gas and an inert coolant are passed downward in co-current flow to provide for an improved coolant effect and an increased ozonization yield where the coolant comprises a compound gaseous or liquid at ambient temperature with a boiling point preferably in the range from +20.degree. C. to -200.degree. C. The boiling point of the coolant is preferably at least 5.degree. C. below the ozonization temperature.

Abstract: The invention is a process for preparing a glycoside product by reacting an alcohol having 4 to 30 carbon atoms with a saccharide or oligosaccharide in the presence of an acid catalyst wherein an undissolved phase comprising the saccharide or oligosaccharide is present in the reaction mixture during the process.

Abstract: The efficiency of chromium utilization in chrome tanning of hides to make leather is greatly improved by performing the preliminary neutralization of the acid tanning liquor in the presence of an aldehydo or keto acid, before conventional subsequent neutralization with an alkali aluminum silicate. Most preferably, a combination of glyoxylic acid and magnesium oxide is used for the preliminary neutralization.

Abstract: Alkyl and alkenyl aryl ether derivatives corresponding to the formula: ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is a saturated cycloaliphatic C.sub.6 -C.sub.20 alkyl group or a mono- or polyunsaturated, linear, branched or cycloaliphatic C.sub.6 -C.sub.20 alkyl group and R.sup.2 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 hydroxyalkyl group, a C.sub.3 or C.sub.4 hydroxyalkenyl group, a group --COOR.sup.3, --CH.sub.2 --COOR.sup.3, --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --COOR.sup.3 or --CH.dbd.CH--COOR.sup.3, are suitable as sebosuppressive agents in cosmetic or pharmaceutical preparations for topical application to the hair and to the skin.

Abstract: In the process of sealing decorative anodized aluminum oxide coatings in hot aqueous solutions, superior results are obtained when the sealing solutions contain 1-phosphonopropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, 1,1-diphosphonopropane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, and/or alkali metal and/or alkanolamine salts of these acids. The presence of these acids or their salts prevents the formation of bloom and allows shorter sealing times with equivalent quality, and the addition of as little as 1 ppm of aluminum ions to such solutions also prevents iridescence.

Abstract: A granular, storable bleach mixture suitable for addition to a detergent composition or to a wash liquor comprising a mixture of (a) from 5 to 35% by weight sodium perborate, preferably as monohydrate, (b) from 5 to 30% by weight tetra-acetyl ethylene-diamine and (c) from 90 to 50% by weight of a carrier material. The latter comprises a salt optionally containing water of crystallization or urea or mixtures thereof with anhydrous sodium sulfate, wherein the salt containing water of crystallization should not undergo any phase transformation between 1.degree. C. and 45.degree. C. In addition, the mixture may contain up to 15% of detergent constituents, such as surfactant and sequestering agent. The average particle size of the individual component is from 0.1 to 0.6 mm, less than 1% by weight being larger than 1.6 mm in size.

Abstract: Alkaline dishwashing machine detergent compositions containing an active chlorine composition and a foam inhibiting amount of a ketone containing at least 25 carbon atoms. A process for their preparation wherein the ketone is introduced into the composition as a dispersion in a liquid.

Abstract: Fatty acid polyoxyalkyl ester sulfonates obtained by reaction of C.sub.11 -C.sub.22 monounsaturated monocarboxylic acid polyoxyalkyl esters corresponding to the following general formulaC.sub.m H.sub.2m-1 --CO--(O--C.sub.n H.sub.2n).sub.x --OR (I)in whichR is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.22 alkyl radical or a C.sub.3 -C.sub.22 alkenyl radical,m has a value of 10, 15, 17, 19 or 21,n has a value of 2 or 3 andx has a value of 1 to 20,with sulfur trioxide and subsequent reaction of the sulfonated fatty acid polyoxyalkyl ester obtained with aqueous alkali metal salts. The sulfonates have high surface activity and favorable performance properties as surfactants.

Abstract: Long-chain hydroxyalkyl ether amines corresponding to the general formulaR.sup.1 --CHOH--CH.sub.2 --(O--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --).sub.X NR.sup.2 R.sup.3are suitable as wetting agents for textile products of all kinds and are distinguished by particularly low-foaming behavior. In the formula, R.sup.1 is a linear C.sub.6 -C.sub.22 alkyl group, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 independently of one another represent a linear or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl radical, and x is a number of 3 to 20.

Abstract: Process for the production of a new copper (II) chromite spinel catalyst using colloidal silica gel and to its use for the direct fixed-bed hydrogenation of fatty acids to fatty alcohols of corresponding chain length.

Abstract: Removal of wet overspray from lacquer or similar water insoluble coatings by predominantly aqueous cleaning liquids is improved by including in the cleaning liquids as a coagulation agent a salt of a copolymer of ethylene and acrylic acid that contains 8 to 25% by weight of acrylic acid units and 92 to 75% by weight of ethylene units in its acid form. The cleaning liquid may be conveniently made by diluting an aqueous concentrate containing 2 to 25% by weight of the copolymer salt. Including cyanamide derivatives such as calcium cyanamide in the cleaning liquid further improves its coagulating effectiveness.

Abstract: An evaporation inhibitor, having particular use with spray mixtures of agricultural chemicals applied by the low-volume method, in the form of a paraffin-containing aqueous dispersion or a self-emulsifying solution in an organic solvent, and having the following composition:______________________________________ from 15 to 40% by weight of paraffin waxes or a wax mixture containing paraffin waxes having a dropping point of from 35 to 80.degree. C., from 4 to 20% by weight of nonionic and/or anionic emulsifiers, from 35 to 81% by weight of water and/or an organic solvent which is one or more of a hydrocarbon, an ester and a ketone, which have boiling points of from 70 to 280.degree. C., and from 0 to 5.5% by weight of other auxiliaries.

Abstract: Sulfated hydroxyalkyl polyethylene glycol and hydroxyalkyl polypropylene glycol ethers corresponding to general formula (II) ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is hydrogen or a linear C.sub.1 -C.sub.16 alkyl radical,R.sup.2 is a linear or branched, saturated C.sub.1 -C.sub.22 alkyl radical,R.sub.3 is hydrogen or a linear C.sub.1 -C.sub.16 alkyl radical,R.sup.4 is hydrogen or a methyl group,M represents hydrogen, ammonium, alkylammonium, alkanolammonium, in which the alkyl and alkanol radicals each contain from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a monovalent metal atom, andn is a number of 1 to 30,with the proviso that the total number of carbon atoms in R.sup.1 and R.sub.

Abstract: Heavily soiled fabrics are pretreated before the actual washing process by applying a paste containing a mixture of a nonionic surfactant, at least one nitrogen containing compound selected from certain quaternary ammonium compounds, fatty amine ethoxylates and substituted aminocarboxylic acids, and also an antigel agent and a viscosity regulator to the fabrics and subsequently washing the fabrics in a wash liquor. In one preferred embodiment of the process, a distributing aid trimmed in particular with bristles is used to apply the paste.

Abstract: The invention provides a substantially anhydrous gas-free liquid detergent based on non-ionic surfactants containing a liquid surfactant component comprising adducts of from 2 to 8 moles ethylene oxide with 1 mole C.sub.10-20 - fatty alcohol, anionic surfactant, and low molecular weight polyethylene glycol. The liquid surfactant component makes up at least 20% by weight of the detergent as a whole; the ratio of fatty alcohol ethoxylate to anionic surfactant is from 1:1 to 2:1; and the detergent has a density of from 1.4 to 1.8. Typically, the detergent includes a particulate solids component which is incorporated with the liquid components as separate component fractions of differing particle size.