Abstract: A vacuum vapor-deposition installation for batchwise operation has a horizontal valve chamber which is arranged in the middle and on which are fitted, by way of suitable openings, a top vaporizing chamber and a lower evaporizing chamber. The two openings are aligned with each other and can be sealed simultaneously in a vacuum-tight manner by a two-way valve movable horizontally in the valve chamber. For the purpose of charging the vaporizing chamber with substrates, this chamber can be lifted from the valve chamber. To solve the problem of increasing the number of production cycles per unit of time, the interior of the evaporizing chamber is accessible from the exterior without interrupting the vacuum in the valve chamber. This measure renders it unnecessary to charge the evaporizer in the evaporizing chamber through the valve chamber, for which purpose the entire chamber would have to admit air.

Abstract: A low-power electrical contact particularly suitable for switching and plug-in connections. The contact comprises an outer contact layer and a substrate composed of a copper base alloy. The contact layer consists essentially of an alloy of 35-55% by weight gold, 18-33.5% silver, 30-40% palladium, and (i) 1-6% indium, or (ii) 0.5-2% tin together with 0.5-2% indium. An intermediate layer of nickel or copper-nickel may be interposed between the contact layer and the substrate.

Abstract: To establish predetermined humidity levels within a sterile treatment chamber, and maintain sterility, water, preferably deionized, is conducted to an evaporator outside of a container defining the treatment chamber, to be there heated to superheated steam, for example in the order of 300.degree. C., and conducted to a bypass duct (1) in atmospheric communication with the treatment chamber (10), for mixing with the atmosphere within the treatment chamber. Preferably, the treatment chamber is surrounded by heat exchanger elements, such as electrical heating wires and/or cooling coils, the heaters being controlled to rapidly heat the treatment chamber to a temperature in the order of 180.degree. C. during pauses of treatment for sterilizing the interior of the container, and/or maintaining temperature levels at a desired treatment level in operation.

Abstract: To measure contact resistance between a probe and a terminal sample, and to insure gentle engagement of the probe on the sample, a scale beam is used which has an adjustable engagement weight, and which is lowered under control of a cam disk with an interposed magnetic system in which two magnets of equal polarity are placed adjacent each other so that, due to the repelling force of the two magnets, jolt-free, vibration-free engagement is possible, providing in effect a magnetic buffer. Preferably, the probe is a test wheel which, upon lowering from a raised position, can be disengaged from the drive motor which, when the test probe is off the sample terminal, rotates the wheel so that a fresh wheel surface is available for subsequent measurement. Engagement force can be controlled by suitable positioning of a counter weight, for example by a servo motor.

Abstract: A pendulum gate valve with a pressure tight housing and inlet and outlet openings arranged on opposite sides of the housing. The drive rod for the pendulum frame is guided throughout its total path by a joint connected to the pendulum frame which can swivel about the shaft of the pendulum frame but can in addition also move independently of the swiveling motion of the pendulum frame. A guide mechanism is provided for the further movement of the joint outside the swiveling range, which forces the joint onto a path that runs substantially parallel to the drive rod. The guide mechanism consists of a thrust rod forming part of the pressing device which urges the gate valve plate against the sealing bearing surface and which is connected to the drive rod. The thrust rod is mounted in a longitudinally movable manner in the pendulum frame and runs parallel to the drive rod in the closed position of the gate valve plate.

Abstract: Essentially spherical gold particles are mixed with an evaporatable or combustible paste-forming material, for example terpineol and ethylcellulose, the gold being, by weight, 75% to 95%, spherical, and having a diameter of between 0.8 to 1.2 .mu.m, with a maximum particle diameter of 2 .mu.m. The gold is mixed with the additives to form a paste, just before being applied at a thickness of from between 5 to 30 .mu.m on a dental prosthesis, preferably about 10 to 20 .mu.m, and then fired at a temperature of between about 950.degree. C. to 1070.degree. C. for a period of between 2-5 minutes, preferably about 960.degree. to 1000.degree. C. of from between 2-3 minutes, providing an excellent base for application of a porcelain layer thereto.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for converting a three phase input into a constant voltage to a load, which voltage is substantially free of harmonics and ripples includes dividing the voltage to the load into two component voltages, with one component voltage comprising at least 80% of the total. The one component voltage is maintained constant and load independent. The voltage to the load is compared to a first reference voltage to obtain the difference therebetween and the value of the other component voltage is adjusted to minimize the difference. The two component voltages are added to form the voltage to the load.

Abstract: A high-voltage power supply for an electron-beam gun with a heatable cathode and an anode and of the type having an electronic switch connected in the current circuit for the cathode and controllable for blocking the current to the cathode, includes an impulse protecting filter connected in the current circuit for the cathode. The filter comprises a capacitor connected in parallel to the cathode, a choke connected in series with the cathode current circuit, a blocking diode and a discharge resistor connected in series therewith, with the diode and resistor connected in parallel with the choke.

Abstract: A system for the control of power of a high-voltage electron beam generator having a cathode and a control electrode for the cathode, has a controller at ground potential, a pulse generator for the production of square-wave voltage pulses symmetrical with ground potential, a transformer for transferring high-voltage potential to the beam generator including a primary winding substantially at ground potential and a secondary winding at high-voltage potential, a full-wave rectifier connected to the secondary winding and a filter connecting the rectifier to the cathode and to the control electrode. The filter comprises an LC combination of at least two LC members connected in series, in conjunction with at least two capacitors, one parallel to the cathode-control electrode and the other parallel to the full-wave rectifier, the resonance frequencies of the LC members being in a ratio of approximately 2:1.

Abstract: To permit adhesion of a strain gauge grid applied to a high temperature plastic, such as a polyimide, the side of the strip of polyimide which is to be attached to the support frame, the strain of which is to be measured, has a solderable surface applied thereto which consists, essentially, of three sublayers, as follows:A first sub-layer of from 1 to 8 .mu.m thickness of chromium nickel alloy, containing, for example, about 20% (by weight) of chromium, or an iron chromium nickel alloy containing, for example, about 50% iron, 49% nickel and 1% chromium (by weight);a second sub-layer of at least about 5 .mu.m thickness, preferably about 7.5 .mu.m thickness of nickel and a third outer sub-layer of gold, for example, between about 4 to 10 .mu.m thick, preferably, about 7 .mu.m. The various sub-layers are applied, for example, after cleaning of the element with a volatile hydrocarbon, or toluol, by vapor deposition, for example, vaporization from a tungsten boat of the respective materials.

Abstract: Method and an apparatus whereby electron beam deep welding can be performed at pressures of more than 10 millibars, especially under atmospheric conditions, without the need for complex apparatus. This is achieved by guide surfaces disposed between a seam and an electron beam source, so as to reflect the diverging electrons and at the same time reduce the free access of the ambient gas atmosphere. The electron reflection and the simultaneous blocking off of gases is achieved by guide surfaces substantially parallel and symmetrical with the beam axis which extend along the beam for at least ten millimeters. The distance between the guide surfaces through the center of the electron beam is greater than the diameter which the beam has upon entering into the higher pressure area.

Abstract: Optical-grade zinc sulfide bodies produced by the CVD technique and subjected to an aftertreatment under a high gas pressure and at elevated temperature possess improved optical properties. They are suited for use as infrared windows.

Abstract: In a displacement machine operating according to the spiral principle and having two displacement elements presenting respective axially interengaging sprial-shaped walls, and drive means connected between the elements to produce a relative translatory circular movement therebetween, an elastic suspension is provided to support at least one of the displacement elements for permitting elastic movement between the elements in a plane perpendicular to the axis of translatory circular movement.In such a displacement machine, whether or not the elastic suspension is provided, the walls of the displacement elements are preferably made, at least at the surfaces contacting one another, of respectively different materials presenting a low mutual coefficient of friction.

Abstract: A fill device for filling a system, via a fill pipe thereof, with a liquid to a selected fill level, which device includes a housing, a rod axially displaceably mounted in the housing with one end of the rod forming a liquid outlet opening arranged to extend into the fill pipe to the selected level, a flow control unit connected between the outlet opening and connections for liquid supply and extraction lines and operable to connect a selected one of those lines to the outlet opening, a clamping mechanism mounted in the region of the outlet opening and operable to clamp the device onto the fill pipe, and an operating member operatively associated with the rod, the flow control unit and the clamping mechanism for causing displacement of the rod relative to the housing to simultaneously control operation of the flow control unit and the clamping mechanism.

Abstract: High-purity metal powder is made by the electron beam melting of a starting material in rod form in a vacuum wherein the molten metal is momentarily caught on a spinning plate rotating at high speed and flung therefrom and thereafter solidified by cooling. The metal on the spinning plate is bombarded with an electron beam that is so focused and periodically deflected that its focal spot is many times smaller than the diameter of the spinning plate. The beam deflection between the rotational center of the spinning plate and its marginal area is performed such that the spinning plate is scanned in a zone that extends radially of the axis of rotation of the spinning plate and is small in relation to its diameter. Cooling of the metal particles to the point of solidification is accomplished by radiation loss.

Abstract: In a circuit for an ionization vacuum gauge having a thermionic filament, a control circuit receptive of a control current for controlling the filament and a switch for applying the control current to the control circuit, a circuit is provided for indicating a filament interruption independent of the state of the switch. The circuit includes at least one resistor by-passing the switch to provide a continuous sensing current to the filament and a detector for detecting the interruption in the sensing current and for indicating such an interruption.

Abstract: A transit time mass spectrometer for analyzing ions having different energies, particularly ions emitted under the influence of radiation, especially laser radiation. The mass spectrometer is provided with a device forming a drift path having input and output ends and adapted to be traversed by the ions in a predetermined direction, with an ion detector which is located downstream of the output end of the drift path, and with a lens arrangement, as, for example, as electrostatic or magnetic lens system for focussing as well as for accelerating the ions. The lens system has at least two sections at least one of which is upstream of the input end.

Abstract: A process for regulating the evaporation rate of oxidizable substances in reactive vacuum deposition by the metered addition of oxygen to a vacuum deposition chamber during deposition, wherein the addition of oxygen to a predetermined value, the pressure "p" in the vacuum chamber is measured, and the evaporation rate "r" for any pressure changes is regulated such that the ratio of pressure to evaporation rate p:r is maintained substantially constant.

Abstract: A light guide with a liquid light transmissive medium is connected to a variable pressure source, such as a controllable pump, and a hydraulic pressure take-off is connected to the light guide, for example adjacent the light exit window, to control the position of a positionable element, typically an optical system, such as a fluid lens, a movable lens, a diaphragm or the like, with respect to the exit light window from the light guide tube as a function of the pressure applied to the light transmitting liquid within the tube. Thus, the light guide can function simultaneously as a light guide and as a hydraulic servo pressure control element, to control the light output or the position of another element linked to the hydraulic servo positioning piston-cylinder arrangement coupled to the light transmitting fluid in the light guide.

Abstract: A method for recovering rhodium from a residue of the oxo synthesis or of a hydroformylation which comprises contracting said residue with sulfur and separating and converting the resultant rhodium-containing precipitate to rhodium or a rhodium compound in a manner known per se.