Abstract: Sample light is delivered into the anatomical structure having a target voxel, whereby a portion of the sample light passing through the target voxel is scattered by the anatomical structure as signal light, and another portion of the sample light not passing through the target voxel is scattered by the anatomical structure as background light that is combined with the signal light to create a sample light pattern. Reference light is combined with the sample light pattern to generate an interference light pattern, such that the signal light and the reference light are combined in a heterodyne manner. Ultrasound is delivered into the target voxel, such that the signal light is frequency shifted by the ultrasound. The ultrasound and the sample light are pulsed in synchrony at the target voxel, such that at least one pulse of the sample light has a combined duration less than a pulse width of the ultrasound.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are devices and methods for modifying a conventional imager to have functional features similar to that of a lock-in camera. Optical mask devices are configured to be coupled to conventional imager sensors and the configuration of the mask devices can be adjusted to acquire image data in rapid succession. One variation of an optical mask device comprises a substrate comprising a pattern of light-blocking and light-transmitting regions and an attachment structure for coupling the optical mask device to the imager. The substrate is configured to adjust the position of the light-blocking regions and light-transmitting regions relative to the light-sensing region of the imager based on a set of one or more predetermined substrate configurations. In some variations, the mask device and/or the imager sensor may be mechanically moved relative to each other based on the set of one or more predetermined substrate configurations.

Abstract: An exemplary non-invasive wearable brain interface system includes a headgear configured to be worn on a head of the user and a plurality of self-contained photodetector units configured to removably attach to the headgear. The photodetector units each include a plurality of photodetectors configured to detect photons of light after the photons reflect from a target within a brain of the user. The brain interface system further includes a master control unit communicatively coupled to each of the photodetector units by way of a plurality of wires and configured to control the photodetector units, the master control unit comprising an input power port configured to connect to a power cable that provides power from a power source for the master control unit and the photodetector units.

Abstract: A system and method of performing ultrasound modulated optical tomography. Ultrasound is delivered into a target voxel in an anatomical structure, and sample light is delivered into the anatomical structure, whereby a portion of the sample light passing through the target voxel is scattered by the biological tissue as signal light, and a portion of the sample light not passing through the target voxel is scattered by the anatomical structure as background light. The ultrasound and sample light are pulsed in synchrony, such that only the signal light is frequency shifted by the ultrasound. Reference light is combined with the signal light and background light to generate an interference light pattern, which is sequentially modulated to generate a plurality of different interference light patterns. Spatial components of each of the different interference light patterns are simultaneously detected and stored in bins.

Abstract: Described herein are systems and methods for noninvasive functional brain imaging using low-coherence interferometry (e.g., for the purpose of creating a brain computer interface with higher spatiotemporal resolution). One variation of a system and method comprises optical interference components and techniques using a lock-in camera. The system comprises a light source and a processor configured to rapidly phase-shift the reference light beam across a pre-selected set of phase shifts or offsets, to store a set of interference patterns associated with each of these pre-selected phase shifts, and to process these stored interference patterns to compute an estimate of the number of photons traveling between a light source and the lock-in camera detector for which the path length falls within a user-defined path length range.

Abstract: A system and method of performing ultrasound modulated optical tomography. Ultrasound is delivered into a target voxel in an anatomical structure, and sample light is delivered into the anatomical structure, whereby a portion of the sample light passing through the target voxel is scattered by the biological tissue as signal light, and a portion of the sample light not passing through the target voxel is scattered by the anatomical structure as background light. The ultrasound and sample light are pulsed in synchrony, such that only the signal light is frequency shifted by the ultrasound. Multiple pulses of the sample light are delivered into the anatomical structure for each pulse of the ultrasound delivered into the target voxel. Reference light is combined with the signal light and background light to generate an interference light pattern, which is sequentially modulated to generate different interference light patterns, which are detected.

Abstract: An optical detection method and system are provided. Sample light is delivered into an anatomical structure having a target voxel, whereby a portion of the sample light passing through the target voxel is scattered by the anatomical structure as signal light, and another portion of the sample light not passing through the target voxel is scattered by the anatomical structure as background light that is combined with the signal light to create a sample light pattern. The sample light pattern and the reference light having an M number of different phases are concurrently combined to respectively generate an M number of interference light patterns. The M number of interference light patterns are detected. M pluralities of values representative of spatial components of the respective M number of interference light patterns are generated, and a physiologically-dependent optical parameter of the target voxel is determined based on the M pluralities of values.

Abstract: A non-invasive system and method. Sample light is delivered into an anatomical structure, such that a portion of the sample light passes through a target voxel comprising brain matter in the head and is scattered by the head as signal light. The signal light is detected, changes in the level of water concentration or relative water concentration of the target voxel are detected based on the detected signal light, and a level of neural activity is determined within the target voxel based on the determined changes level of the water concentration or relative water concentration of the target voxel.

Abstract: A system and method of performing ultrasound modulated optical tomography. Ultrasound is delivered into a target voxel in an anatomical structure, and sample light is delivered into the anatomical structure, whereby a portion of the sample light passing through the target voxel is scattered by the biological tissue as signal light, and a portion of the sample light not passing through the target voxel is scattered by the anatomical structure as background light. The ultrasound and sample light are pulsed in synchrony, such that only the signal light is frequency shifted by the ultrasound. Multiple pulses of the sample light are delivered into the anatomical structure for each pulse of the ultrasound delivered into the target voxel. Reference light is combined with the signal light and background light to generate an interference light pattern, which is sequentially modulated to generate different interference light patterns, which are detected.

Abstract: A system and method of performing ultrasound modulated optical tomography. Ultrasound is delivered into a target voxel in an anatomical structure, and sample light is delivered into the anatomical structure, whereby a portion of the sample light passing through the target voxel is scattered by the biological tissue as signal light, and a portion of the sample light not passing through the target voxel is scattered by the anatomical structure as background light. The ultrasound and sample light are pulsed in synchrony, such that only the signal light is frequency shifted by the ultrasound. Reference light is combined with the signal light and background light to generate an interference light pattern, which is sequentially modulated to generate a plurality of different interference light patterns. Spatial components of each of the different interference light patterns are simultaneously detected and stored in bins.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods herein relate to processing biosignal data. These systems and methods may obtain sensor data from a plurality of electrodes and may also be used to augment cortical function, treat neurological disease, and provide insight and analysis of biological processes and/or clinical therapeutic outcomes. An implantable biosignal processing system may comprise a lead having at least one biosignal sensor configured to transmit biosignal data based on electrophysiological activity of a subject. A first processing system may be coupled to the biosignal sensor and comprise a plurality of analog signal processing circuits configured to be selectively powered based on a selectable treatment mode. A second processing system in communication with the first processing system and may comprise a plurality of digital signal processing circuits configured to be selectively powered based on the treatment mode. A neurostimulator may stimulate tissue according to the set of biosignal characteristics.

Abstract: Described herein are systems and methods for noninvasive functional brain imaging using low-coherence interferometry (e.g., for the purpose of creating a brain computer interface with higher spatiotemporal resolution). One variation of a system and method comprises optical interference components and techniques using a lock-in camera. The system comprises a light source and a processor configured to rapidly phase-shift the reference light beam across a pre-selected set of phase shifts or offsets, to store a set of interference patterns associated with each of these pre-selected phase shifts, and to process these stored interference patterns to compute an estimate of the number of photons traveling between a light source and the lock-in camera detector for which the path length falls within a user-defined path length range.

Abstract: An exemplary photodetector includes a SPAD and a capacitor. The capacitor is configured to be charged, while the SPAD is in a disarmed state, with a bias voltage by a voltage source. The capacitor is further configured to supply, when the SPAD is put in an armed state, the bias voltage to an output node of the SPAD such that a voltage across the SPAD is greater than a breakdown voltage of the SPAD.

Abstract: An optical detection method and system are provided. Sample light is delivered into an anatomical structure having a target voxel, whereby a portion of the sample light passing through the target voxel is scattered by the anatomical structure as signal light, and another portion of the sample light not passing through the target voxel is scattered by the anatomical structure as background light that is combined with the signal light to create a sample light pattern. The sample light pattern and the reference light having an M number of different phases are concurrently combined to respectively generate an M number of interference light patterns. The M number of interference light patterns are detected. M pluralities of values representative of spatial components of the respective M number of interference light patterns are generated, and a physiologically-dependent optical parameter of the target voxel is determined based on the M pluralities of values.