Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for transforming a plant by grafting of a rootstock and a scion, and using siRNA for initiating transcriptional gene silencing. The method for transforming a plant by grafting of a rootstock and a scion of the present invention as a means for resolution is characterized in that siRNA for initiating transcriptional gene silencing is produced in a scion, the siRNA produced in the scion is transported to a rootstock by grafting, and the rootstock is transformed by initiating transcriptional gene silencing therein.

Abstract: There is provided a highly branched hydrocarbon based surfactant for stabilizing a water/supercritical carbon dioxide microemulsion. A surfactant comprising: a sulfate compound of Formula (1): R1—OSO3M ??(1) (where R1 is a C6-30 hydrocarbon group having a branched chain; and M is a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal, ammonium, a basic amino acid residue, an alkanolamine residue having a C2-3 hydroxyalkyl group, or an aliphatic alkanolammonium) for stabilizing a water/supercritical carbon dioxide microemulsion.

Abstract: A surfactant for water/supercritical carbon dioxide microemulsions that can achieve high water dispersion ability, water/supercritical carbon dioxide microemulsion forming ability under a moderate condition, and high water solubilization rate and that reduces burden on the environment and ecosystem. Provided are a surfactant for stabilizing a water/supercritical carbon dioxide microemulsion including a compound of Formula (1) and a water/supercritical carbon dioxide microemulsion including the surfactant.

Abstract: Powdery silica composite particles obtained by a surface treatment step of adding acid or alkali to a reactant solution comprising: core silica particles of 5 to 200 nm in average particle size; alkoxysilane; a phosphonium salt ionic liquid represented by general formula (1); wherein R1, R2, and R3 respectively represent a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R4 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, n represents an integer of 1 to 8, and X represents an anionic group; and a reaction solvent such that the alkoxysilane is hydrolyzed, thereby surface-treating the core silica particles.

Abstract: To provide a collagen/elastin crosslinked material capable of satisfactorily corresponding to various uses such as medical materials including an artificial dermis and scaffolding materials for cell culture. The collagen/elastin crosslinked material is obtained by crosslinking a fish-derived collagen and a fish-derived elastin, and is fully capable of corresponding to various uses such as medical materials including an artificial dermis and scaffold material for cell culture.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for accurately evaluating the specific incorporation of D-glucose into cells. The present invention as a means for achieving the object is characterized by comprising contacting a D-glucose derivative that has a fluorescent chromophore in the molecule and is specifically incorporated into cells and an L-glucose derivative that has a fluorescent chromophore in the molecule with different cells in the same cell strain to be evaluated, respectively, comparing the fluorescence emitted by the D-glucose derivative that has a fluorescent chromophore in the molecule and is specifically incorporated into cells with the fluorescence emitted by the L-glucose derivative that has a fluorescent chromophore in the molecule, and evaluating the specific incorporation of D-glucose into cells relative to L-glucose by taking the difference between the two kinds of fluorescence intensities.

Abstract: It is intended to provide highly dispersible, powdery silica composite particles comprising a phosphonium salt ionic liquid immobilized in the surface and comprising the ionic liquid at a high content. It is also intended to provide an industrially advantageous process for producing the powdery silica composite particles at high yields. The present invention provides powdery silica composite particles obtained by a surface treatment step of adding acid or alkali to a reactant solution comprising: core silica particles of 5 to 200 nm in average particle size; alkoxysilane; a phosphonium salt ionic liquid represented by the following general formula (1); and a reaction solvent such that the alkoxysilane is hydrolyzed, thereby surface-treating the core silica particles.

Abstract: A material enabling uniformly dispersing an ionic liquid or a phosphonium salt in various solvents or resin materials is provided. The material is powdery particles of a three-dimensionally crosslinked clathrate obtained by a process including a first-order polymerization step in which a fluoroalkanoyl peroxide compound, a monofunctional monomer, and a polyfunctional monomer having an olefinic double bond and an isocyanate group are reacted to one another to obtain a fluoroalkyl-containing cooligomer and a crosslinking step including the substeps of mixing the fluoroalkyl-containing cooligomer and an ionic liquid or a phosphonium salt and causing the cooligomer to react with itself at the isocyanate groups thereof in the presence of the ionic liquid or the phosphonium salt to obtain powdery three-dimensionally crosslinked clathrate particles.

Abstract: [Problems] To provide a method of easily and efficiently increasing the amount of insulin produced and/or secreted at the cell level. [Means for Solving Problems] The method is characterized in that an insulin-producing cell is exposed in vitro to an electromagnetic field with a frequency of 50 Hz±1 Hz or 60 Hz±1 Hz.