Abstract: A system, method, and apparatus for photon logic gates based on quantum switch, where a single or multiple quantum switches are utilized for dark resonance interactions in which three-color lasers interact with a four-level or five-level nonlinear optical medium composed of three ground states and one or two excited states through nondegenerate four-wave mixing processes. The photon logic mechanism is based on combination of single or multiple dark resonance-induced two-photon coherence swapping among the three closely spaced ground states through optical transitions via a common excited state. The two-photon coherence induced on the ground states is optically detected via nondegenerate four-wave mixing processes. The nondegenerate four-wave mixing generation is enhanced owing to dark resonance or electromagnetically induced transparency.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a separate learning system and method using a two-layered neural network having target values for hidden nodes. The separate learning system of the present invention includes an input layer for receiving training data from a user, and including at least one input node. A hidden layer includes at least one hidden node. A first connection weight unit connects the input layer to the hidden layer, and changes a weight between the input node and the hidden node. An output layer outputs training data that has been completely learned. The second connection weight unit connects the hidden layer to the output layer, changing a weight between the output and the hidden node, and calculates a target value for the hidden node, based on a current error for the output node.

Abstract: Provided are a synchronization apparatus and method for improving timing estimation performance in an OFDM-FDMA/CDMA/TDMA system, which can correctly estimate symbol timing through a more correct timing metric using a guard interval of a preamble. The synchronization apparatus includes an auto-correlator for calculating an auto-correlation value of a received signal and a signal delayed by a predetermined time, a power detector for calculating power of the received signal, a timing metric/normalizer for normalizing the auto-correlation value by dividing the auto-correlation value by the calculated power to obtain a timing metric, and a peak detector for finding a peak value of the timing metric to estimate a frame starting position and an initial symbol timing. The auto-correlator calculates an auto-correlation length as long as a length of a guard interval, considering the preamble characteristic that the patterns are repeated in the time domain.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for extracting representative still images from Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) video. The apparatus includes a video curve generation unit for calculating the distances between the adjacent frames of all intra frames of input video and generating a video curve that is a cumulative curve of the distances; a video curve division unit for dividing the video curve into a certain number of segments; a still image selection unit for selecting video images corresponding to certain points of the divided video curve as representative still images; and a video output unit for outputting the still images selected by the still image generation unit. Accordingly, the present invention can summarize the video and provide representative still images to a user at high speed.

Abstract: A method for preventing reader collision, includes detecting the number of readable readers within a readable region of a target reader, calculating the number of peripheral readers within the readable region and a collision region of the target reader by using the number of the readable readers, forming one frame with time slots of which the number equals to the number of the peripheral readers, and setting a present time slot of the target reader to be one of the time slots, the one being selected randomly in the time slots. Therefore, a multiple-readers-to-tag interference which happens when more than one RFID reader tries to access to one tag and a reader-to-reader interference are prevented.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a separate learning system and method using a two-layered neural network having target values for hidden nodes. The separate learning system of the present invention includes an input layer for receiving training data from a user, and including at least one input node. A hidden layer includes at least one hidden node. A first connection weight unit connects the input layer to the hidden layer, and changes a weight between the input node and the hidden node. An output layer outputs training data that has been completely learned. The second connection weight unit connects the hidden layer to the output layer, changing a weight between the output and the hidden node, and calculates a target value for the hidden node, based on a current error for the output node.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of extracting three-dimensional building information using shadow analysis. In the method, an image of a building captured through a manmade satellite, an airplane or some other means, and metadata to be used for extraction of building information is received, the azimuth and altitude angles of a sun in an area of capture, and the azimuth and altitude angles of a camera are calculated. The contour of the roof of the building, the location and height of which are desired to be obtained, is extracted from the image. A height value is assigned to the extracted contour of the roof of the building, and the height value is adjusted until the assigned height value satisfies a predetermined condition. The vertical line and shadow of the building, which are based on the height value, is projected onto the image.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a measurement method of the chromatic dispersion of an optical waveguide using an optical interferometer with a broadband multi-wavelength light source and an optical spectrum analyzing apparatus, wherein one arm, called “reference arm” of the interferometer's two arms has an adjustable air spacing and the other arm, called “sample arm” can contain said optical waveguide to be measured, and including the following measurement and analysis steps: measuring interference spectra of the optical beam output exiting from the said interferometer with an optical spectrum analyzing apparatus when said optical waveguide is connected to said sample arm, and when said optical waveguide is not connected to said sample arm respectively; by adjusting the reference arm length for appearance of clear interference patterns; converting the wavelength-domain interference spectra into frequency-domain interference spectra and calculating phase difference values of the interference peaks of one of

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for modulating and demodulating data. The method composes symbols by grouping a plurality of symbols for pulse position modulation to newly add symbol compositions to fixed symbols used for the pulse position modulation of the related art. Further, the method uses grouped symbols to improve data transmission rate as the average amount of information increases.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for classifying fingerprint image quality and a fingerprint image recognition system are provided. The method includes dividing a fingerprint image into a plurality of blocks, calculating and vectorizing quality classification parameters with respect to the respective blocks, obtaining quality classification values for the respective blocks by inputting the vectorized quality classification parameters into a trained quality classifier, and selecting a representative value of the quality classification values and determining the representative value as the quality of the fingerprint image. Since the quality of the fingerprint image can be accurately judged, reliability of the fingerprint image recognition system is increased.

Abstract: A touch screen panel is disclosed, which is capable of sensing an exact position touched by a user or instrument, or a pressured applied to the touched position, wherein the touch screen panel comprises a core including a plurality of horizontal and vertical lines provided in a grid shape, wherein the core has a first refractive index, and an upper surface of the core is exposed to the atmosphere; an intermediate clad formed between each of gaps included in the core, wherein the intermediate clad has a second refractive index which is lower than the first refractive index, and a height of the intermediate clad is identical to a height of the core; an optical source configured to apply an optical signal to an input end of each of the plurality of horizontal and vertical lines; and a plurality of receivers configured to sense an intensity of the optical signal passing through an output end of each of the plurality of horizontal and vertical lines, the optical signal applied by the optical source.

Abstract: A SAW based chipless passive tag includes a dipole antenna, a SAW based IDT, and a plurality of reflectors, which are provided on a cellulose paper, so that a reader can read identification information of an object.

Abstract: Provided is a method of representing a subscribe relation in a design process using a relation between components. The method includes establishing a resource description framework (RDF) site summary (or really simple syndication; RSS) subscribe relation between multiple design units dependent on each other in a design process using relation between product components, triggering, by the multiple design units, an event occurring in the design process of each component of a final product, to convert update information by the design modification event into an extended RSS subscribe format, and transmitting the extended RSS subscribe format to a corresponding design unit affected by the design modification.

Abstract: The present invention provides a quantum optical data storage protocol, whose storage time is lengthened by spin population decay time from several minutes to several hours.

Abstract: A novel transceiver structure is proposed to increase the achievable data rate for ultra wideband transmitted reference (UWB-TR) systems. For every Ns pulse pairs during one symbol transmission, the data pulses are weighted by one of the M-ary orthogonal sequences, thus carrying additional log2 M-bit information. Furthermore, by utilizing a pair of balanced matched filters before the cross correlator, the minimum separation between the reference and data pulses is significantly reduced without causing any inter-pulse interference (IPI), which in turn reduces the minimum required frame length in order to avoid the inter-frame interference (IFI). As a result, the invented TR system can achieve higher data rates than the conventional TR system, while maintaining superior bit-error-rate (BER) performance even with lower transmit power.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an alphabet input device and an alphabet recognition system in a small-sized keypad. The device includes: a first keypad part comprising a plurality of buttons each of which is assigned with a symbol extracted from strokes of alphabet characters so that the alphabet characters be input by one of the buttons or a combination of two or more of the buttons; and a second keypad part comprising one or more buttons each assigned with an alphabet character having a high usage frequency. With the device, alphabet characters can be inputted in a simper and more efficient manner.

Abstract: A system, method, and apparatus for photon logic gates based on quantum switch, where a single or multiple quantum switches are utilized for dark resonance interactions in which three-color lasers interact with a four-level or five-level nonlinear optical medium composed of three ground states and one or two excited states through nondegenerate four-wave mixing processes. The photon logic mechanism is based on combination of single or multiple dark resonance-induced two-photon coherence swapping among the three closely spaced ground states through optical transitions via a common excited state. The two-photon coherence induced on the ground states is optically detected via nondegenerate four-wave mixing processes. The nondegenerate four-wave mixing generation is enhanced owing to dark resonance or electromagnetically induced transparency.

Abstract: Provided is a method for treating cancer using a porous silicon nanobomb. The porous silicon nanobomb can be exploded by NIR light irradiation at a low intensity to selectively destroy cancer cells. Also, porous silicon itself shows good biocompatibility and biodegradability. Thus, the present invention can be used as an efficient method for treating cancer without the accumulation of toxic side effects.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a system and a method for index reorganization using a partial index transfer in a spatial data warehouse that minimize costs of search, split and readjustment for the index reorganization by organizing and transferring clusters with partial indexes in conformity with an index structure so that the partial indexes can be inserted directly into the existing index, thus ensuring continuous and stable data processes, the index reorganization method comprising: a first step of clustering data extracted from the source database in conformity with an index structure via the builder; a second step of generating partial indexes and transferring the partial indexes to a cluster generated according to the clustering; a third step of recording the transferred partial indexes in physically consecutive spaces, not allocated, in the spatial data warehouse server; and a fourth step of inserting the recorded partial indexes in an existing index.

Abstract: Disclosed is a multi-layered photobioreactor capable of producing a useful metabolite simultaneously with the vegetative growth of a photosynthetic microorganism, including a first culture region (2) containing the microorganism and a culture medium to execute vegetative growth of the microorganism, and a second culture region (1) closely layered on a side surface of the first culture region and containing a culture medium and the microorganism to produce the useful metabolite. The two culture regions are separated from each other with a transparent partition, and the light sufficiently strong for induction of the useful metabolite production is irradiated to the first culture region, while the intensity of the light is reduced to a level proper to the microbial growth during a transmission of the light through the first culture region to arrive the second culture region. Also, the present invention discloses a method of culturing a photosynthetic microorganism using the photobioreactor.