Abstract: A composite metal foil and a lithium battery including the same are provided, wherein the composite metal foil includes a conductive substrate, a first metal layer, and a second metal layer. The first metal layer is disposed at at least one surface of the conductive substrate and in direct contact with the conductive substrate, and the first metal layer is nickel (Ni). The second metal layer is disposed at a surface of the first metal layer. A nucleation overpotential of the second metal layer is less than a nucleation overpotential of the first metal layer, and a material of the second metal layer is at least one selected from the group consisting of zinc (Zn), tin (Sn), indium (In), silver (Ag), a zinc alloy, and a tin alloy.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes an alloy which achieves a level of densification of 99.2% or greater and a method of making the same, wherein the method may include (a) depositing a first layer of a precursor powder including aluminum, silicon, copper, and boron onto a build platform, (b) contacting the first layer of the precursor powder with an energy source to form a solid layer, (c) depositing a subsequent layer of the precursor powder on top of the solid layer, (d) contacting the subsequent layer of the precursor powder with the energy source to fuse the subsequent layer of the precursor powder to the solid layer, thereby forming the three-dimensional article.

Abstract: Disclosed is a neuron synapse bifunctional element, which includes a gate electrode, a charge supply layer provided on the gate electrode and formed of an oxide dielectric, a channel layer provided on the charge supply layer and formed of an oxide semiconductor, and a source electrode and a drain electrode provided on both sides of the channel layer, respectively, and as electrons or holes are trapped in a charge trapping layer between the channel layer and the charge supply layer, a magnitude and pattern of a current flow flowing in the channel layer change depending on a change in a signal applied to the gate electrode.

Abstract: The present application relates to the technical field of digital currency, and discloses a digital currency payment method and device. One specific embodiment of the method comprises: establishing a communication connection with a payee device through near field communication; acquiring a battery power of a device carrying a payment chip, when the payment chip enters a payment state based on the established communication connection; and powering the payment chip for the payment of digital currency by electricity generated in an antenna coil of the payment chip through a near field communication alternating magnetic field of the payee device, when the battery power is insufficient to support the payment of digital currency.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a carbon structure, which can stably support a high content of sulfur in pores and has excellent electrical conductivity properties, wherein the carbon structure is a polyhedron, of which the center on at least one side is concave, and is a highly graphitized nitrogen-doped porous carbon structure. Therefore, the stability of lithium-sulfur batteries can be improved by effectively suppressing a s shuttle phenomenon occurring during an electrochemical reaction of lithium-sulfur batteries containing, as a cathode active material, the carbon structure supporting sulfur as well as minimizing the volume change resulting from sulfur and reduced lithium sulfide.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and other embodiments described herein relate to integrating human decision-making into a model-based system. In one embodiment, a method includes acquiring sensor data, including driver data about a driver of a vehicle and driving data about the vehicle and a surrounding environment of the vehicle. The method includes encoding, using a world encoder, the sensor data into a latent representation. The method includes determining human decision- making characteristics according to the latent representation. The method includes generating a control signal for providing shared control of the vehicle according to the human decision-making characteristics and the latent representation.

Abstract: A spindle device includes a shaft housing, a spindle, a bearing liner, a damping adjustment piston and an actuating assembly. The spindle is disposed through the shaft housing. A bearing component surrounds a shaft. The bearing liner is sleeved on the bearing component and has a liner conical surface facing away from the bearing component. The liner conical surface is non-parallel to an axial direction. A damping chamber is formed between the shaft housing and the bearing liner to be filled with a damping fluid. The damping adjustment piston is slidably located within the damping chamber and has a piston conical surface facing the liner conical surface. The piston conical surface is non-parallel to the axial direction. The actuating assembly is to drive the damping adjustment piston to move relative to the bearing liner to adjust a gap formed between the piston conical surface and the liner conical surface.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and other embodiments described herein relate to stylizing messages within a vehicle according to an occupant and a current context. In one embodiment, a method includes determining a style for presenting messages associated with an occupant of a vehicle according to a context defined in relation to an occupant and an environment of the vehicle. The method includes generating a message according to the style for the occupant. The method includes providing the message to the occupant.

Abstract: Provided is a communication method by which a transmitting device and a receiving device communicate through a request channel and a reply channel, the communication method including: outputting, by the transmitting device, a burden signal including data to the receiving device through the request channel; storing, by the receiving device, the data; providing, by the transmitting signal, a reply request signal indicating whether a reply is required; and performing, by the receiving device, a reply to the stored data through the reply channel according to the reply request signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for estimating tidal fronts. The method for estimating tidal fronts includes obtaining past observation data of a sea area to be estimated, substituting and calculating the obtained past observation data into a preset whole water depth mixing discriminant for a plurality of points in the sea area to be estimated, and as a result of the calculation, regarding an area of points where a calculated value is less than or equal to a preset reference value as a whole water depth mixing sea area, regarding an area of points where the calculated value exceeds the preset reference value as a stratified sea area, and estimating a boundary between the regarded whole water depth mixing sea area and stratified sea area as a tidal front.

Abstract: Provided is a radiation detector, comprising a substrate, a pixel array formed on the substrate, a perovskite thick film formed on the pixel array and having nanosheet structure, and a readout circuit electrically connected to the pixel array, wherein the perovskite thick film comprises CsPbBrmI3-m or FAPbBrmI3-m, 0?m?3, a surfactant and a ligand. A preparation method for a perovskite thick film is also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed are a 3D printing device, and a method for preparing a 3D printed structure. The device comprises a curing system (1), and a curing pattern player (6), a flat curing surface (2) with dewettability, and a receiving base (4) capable of moving upwards and away from the flat curing surface, with same being successively arranged above the curing system (1), wherein a curing medium provided by the curing system (1) passes through the curing pattern, so that ink between the flat curing surface (2) and the receiving base (4) is cured.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and other embodiments described herein relate to predicting future trajectories of ado vehicles and an ego vehicle based on the awareness of the driver of the ego vehicle towards the ado vehicles. In one embodiment, a method includes determining an awareness of a driver of an ego vehicle to ado vehicles in the vicinity of the ego vehicle. The method also includes altering track data of ado vehicles based on a lack of awareness of the driver towards the ado vehicles. The method also includes transmitting altered track data of the ado vehicles to a prediction module. The prediction module predicts future trajectories of the ado vehicles and the ego vehicle based on the altered track data and an ego vehicle track data.

Abstract: A circuit compensation method applied to pattern displacement includes: disposing at least one chip on a carrier; measuring a shift of the chip, performing circuit position compensation on a predetermined pattern of a redistribution layer, and calculating a resistance difference of the pattern before and after the circuit position compensation; estimating a circuit proportion and a range of resistance variation in the pattern needed for resistance compensation after the circuit position compensation according to the resistance difference; determining a compensation position and a scheme of circuit proportion and adjusting a circuit width, area, length, pattern, or combination thereof of a circuit within the circuit proportion according to the resistance difference; outputting a picture file of the pattern after the circuit position and resistance compensation; and forming the redistribution layer according to the picture file and electrically connecting the redistribution layer to the chip.

Abstract: A method for determining water temperature at a random water depth using a seawater temperature vertical distribution stratum simulation model includes generating a four-layer model for seawater temperature vertical distribution, setting a maximum water depth for each layer in the generated four-layer model, generating water temperature data at equal water depth intervals by processing ocean observation data, calculating a vertical gradient of water temperatures for water depths of each layer in the four-layer model by using the generated water temperature data at equal water depth intervals, calculating a water temperature at the maximum water depth of each layer by using the set maximum water depth of each layer and the calculated vertical gradient, and calculating a model water temperature at a random water depth by using the set maximum water depth of each layer, the calculated vertical gradient, and the water temperature at the maximum water depth of each layer.

Abstract: Provided are a black phosphorus-two dimensional material complex and a method of manufacturing the black phosphorus-two dimensional material complex. The black phosphorus-two dimensional material complex includes: first and second two-dimensional material layers, which each have a two-dimensional crystal structure and are coupled to each other by van der Waals force; and a black phosphorus sheet which between the first and second two-dimensional material layers and having a two-dimensional crystal structure in which a plurality of phosphorus atoms are covalently bonded.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are particles, compositions, methods, and kits of particles comprising immunostimulatory agents that can be useful in the treatment or prevention of diseases, such as cancer.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to methods for training and using an artificial intelligence model for use with predicting a task output. The method includes generating a plurality of individual datasets, each of the plurality of individual datasets comprising data of at least one answer to at least one of a plurality of questions of each of a plurality of questionnaires, generating a first batch of individual datasets, the first batch of individual datasets comprising one or more of the plurality of individual datasets, inputting the first batch of individual datasets into the artificial intelligence model, and encoding the data of the first batch of individual datasets with an autoencoder.

Abstract: A teaching curriculum method for generating teaching actions for drivers, includes obtaining driving data from a plurality of driving scenarios, the driving data comprises vehicle trajectory information and corresponding scene context information, the driving scenarios comprising instructed driving events and uninstructed driving events, encoding, with a behavior model, the driving data, wherein the encoded driving data comprises an indication that a corresponding one of the driving scenarios comprises one of the instructed driving event or the uninstructed driving event, determining, with a trajectory estimator processing the encoded driving data, one or more driving skill transitions based on a presence or an absence of the indication, and generating, with a teacher action model, a teaching action for one of the plurality of driving scenarios.

Abstract: A system of underwater swarm of robotic fish for monitoring and telepresence. The system comprising a floating platform communicatively coupled to a controller, a submersible sinker communicatively coupled to the floating platform, and a plurality of underwater drones communicatively coupled to the submersible sinker. The controller is configured to receive instructions from an operator for remotely exploring an underwater environment using the submersible sinker and the plurality of underwater drones, transmit the instructions to the plurality of underwater drones via the floating platform and the submersible sinker, the instructions directing the plurality of underwater drones to navigate the underwater environment and collect data, receive the collected data from the plurality of underwater drones via the floating platform and the submersible sinker, and display the collected data to the operator via a virtual display.