Abstract: A method of making a solar cell includes: preparing an active layer solution including p-type and n-type organic semiconductor materials, a solvent, and an additive, the additive containing 1, 8-iodooctane (DIO) and 1-chloronaphthalene (CN) that has a total volume not greater than 3 vol % based on a total volume of the solvent and the additive; preparing an assembly having a substrate, a first electrode layer, and a first transporting layer; coating the active layer solution on the first transporting layer to form a wet active layer; drying the wet active layer at a temperature not greater than 60° C.; and forming a second transporting layer and a second electrode layer on the active layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cells or plants that can produce polylactate or its copolymers and to a method for preparing polylactate or its copolymers using the same. More specifically, cells or plants with the ability to produce polylactate or hydroxyalkanoate-lactate copolymers comprise both a gene encoding an enzyme that converts lactate into lactyl-CoA and a gene encoding polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase which uses lactyl-CoA as a substrate. Also described is a method for preparing polylactate or hydroxyalkanoate-lactate copolymers which comprises culturing the cells in a medium containing lactate or lactate and various hydroxyalkanoates or culturing the plants. Effective preparation of hydroxyalkanoate-lactate copolymer which comprises various hydroxyalkanoates as well as polylactate, using the cells or the plants, is disclosed.

Abstract: A method of transmitting data in an optical transport network is provided. The method comprises generating an optical transmission unit frame including an in-band area including a first area to which information data is allocated and a second area to which the information data is not allocated and an out-band area including parity information and transmitting the data through the optical transmission unit frame.

Abstract: A method for purifying biomass syngas, including: a) introducing syngas out of a gasifier, through a water-cooling flue to a water-cooling quench tower; b) introducing the syngas from the water-cooling quench tower to a waste heat boiler of a water-tube type and a waste heat boiler of a heat-tube type; c) washing the syngas from the waste heat boiler of the heat-tube type in a Venturi scrubber in the absence of a filler to remove dust; d) introducing the syngas from the Venturi scrubber to a wet electrical dust precipitator for conducting dust removal and tar mist removal; and e) extracting the syngas by a coal gas draft fan, and transporting the syngas to a wet gas tank for storage or to a downstream process for use.

Abstract: A data transmission and/or reception method of a base station in a wireless communication system is provided. The data transmission/reception method includes receiving information on interference measured by a terminal, allocating a downlink resource to a terminal based on the received interference information, determining per-subband transmit power distributions of the downlink resource allocation, and transmitting the per-subband transmit power distributions of the downlink resource allocation to neighbor base stations.

Abstract: Provided are a metal structure catalyst and a method of preparing the same. Particularly, the method includes forming a metal precipitate on a metal support by contact of a mixed solution including a precursor of a metal catalyst and a precipitating agent with the metal support, and forming metal particles by thermally treating and reducing the metal precipitate formed on the metal support. The metal structure catalyst includes a metal support, a metal oxide layer formed on the metal support, and metal nanoparticles formed on the metal oxide layer. In addition, the metal nanoparticles are uniform and have enhanced binding strength.

Abstract: Disclosed is a structure having a superhydrophobic and amphiphilic (oleophilic) surface and a fabrication method thereof. A polymer surface body disclosed herein may include high aspect ratio nanostructures on a surface thereof, wherein an aspect ration of the high aspect ratio nanostructure is 1 to 100, and may include a hydrophobic thin film on the high aspect ratio nanostructure. A method of fabricating a polymer surface body disclosed herein may include performing a surface modification treatment on a polymer to form a high aspect ratio nanostructure having an aspect ration of 1 to 100, and forming a hydrophobic thin film on a surface containing the nanostructures.

Abstract: A stator of a switched reluctance motor includes a stator core part, stator coiling parts, stator salient parts, and pairs of permanent magnets. The stator coiling parts protrude inwardly from the stator core part and have coils wound on an external side thereof. The stator salient parts protrude inwardly from the stator core part and are disposed between the stator coiling parts. Each pair of the permanent magnets is inserted into each of the stator coiling parts and magnetized in the same direction as a direction of a magnetic field generated by the excitation of the coils. This stator has an electromagnetic structure designed to prevent the reversal of a magnetic field generated by the excited coils. The output of the motor is enhanced by inserting the permanent magnets so as to be magnetized in the same direction as a direction of a magnetic field generated by the excited coils.

Abstract: An electrical connector for connecting electrical power transmission lines where the electrical connector is capable of conducting 1×106 to 2.5×106 siemens per meter squared (S/m2), and includes a base metal having a surface layer doped with a conductive material dopant. The conductive dopant material improves the reliability and performance of the electrical connector. An electrical power transmission system includes electrical power transmission lines connected by the electrical connector, and a method of joining power transmission lines with the electrical connector.

Abstract: A method for using electromagnet arrays to determine a 3D relative position of an electronic device corresponding to an object is provided. The method includes: providing an object using an electromagnet array composed of a plurality of electromagnets, wherein each electromagnet corresponds to one of a plurality of XY plane position information; sensing, by a magnetic sensor of an electronic device, a magnetic signal generated by the electromagnet array; determining, by a processing unit of the electronic device, the XY plane position information of the electronic device corresponding to the object according to the magnetic signal and the XY plane position information; sensing, by the magnetic sensor, a magnetic variation corresponding to the magnetic signal; and obtaining, by the processing unit, a Z-axis position information of the electronic device corresponding to the object according to the magnetic variation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a module structure including a front sheet, a back sheet, and an optoelectronic device disposed between the front sheet and the back sheet. A first packaging layer is disposed between the optoelectronic device and the front sheet. The back sheet is a layered structure of a hydrogenated styrene elastomer resin layer and a polyolefin layer, wherein the hydrogenated styrene elastomer resin layer is disposed between the optoelectronic device and the polyolefin layer.

Abstract: Compounds and compositions having activity as inhibitors of Rho-associated proteinkinases (ROCKs), and methods of making and using the subject compounds are disclosed.

Abstract: A base station and a resource allocation method are provided. The method includes: calculating transmission rates of user equipment (UE) on unallocated resource blocks; finding consecutive resource block (RB) sets within the unallocated resource blocks according to a predetermined window size; finding minimum transmission rates of the UE among the transmission rates respectively corresponding to the consecutive RB sets; finding a largest value and a second largest value corresponding to each of the consecutive RB sets among the minimum transmission rates corresponding to the UE; calculating absolute difference values between the largest value and the second largest value corresponding to each of the consecutive RB sets; finding a maximum absolute difference value from the absolute difference values corresponding to the consecutive RB sets; and allocating the consecutive RB set corresponding to the maximum absolute difference value to the specific UE.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention is a salt comprising guanidinium groups, as shown in formula I. Another aspect of the invention is a salt comprising guanidinium groups, as shown in formula II. Another aspect of the invention is a salt comprising guanidinium groups, as shown in formula III. Another aspect of the invention is a salt comprising guanidinium groups, as shown in formula IV. Yet another aspect of the invention is a salt comprising guanidinium groups, as shown in formula I, II, III, and IV further comprising independently for each occurrence citrate, phosphate, or sulfate anion. Also disclosed are compositions comprising a protein and a salt comprising guanidinium groups, as shown in formula I, II, III, and IV. Also provided are methods of increasing shelf life of an aqueous solution of a protein and decreasing the amount of protein aggregation in an aqueous solution of a protein.

Abstract: Example embodiments relate to a green-light emitting device including a quaternary quantum well on a vicinal c-plane. The light-emitting device includes a substrate having a vicinal c-plane surface and a light-emitting layer on the vicinal c-plane surface of the substrate. The light-emitting layer includes a quantum well layer of AlxInyGa1-x-yN and quantum barrier layers of InzGa1-zN disposed on and under the quantum well layer respectively, and 0<x<1, 0<y<1, and 0<z<1.

Abstract: The present invention belongs to a technical field of optical microscopic imaging and spectral measurement, and discloses a laser differential confocal mapping-spectrum microscopic imaging method and device. The core concept of the present invention is to combine the differential confocal detection and the spectrum detection techniques and use a dichroic beam splitting system (13) to separate the Rayleigh light for geometric position detection from the Raman scattering light for spectrum detection, by mean of the property that the zero-cross point of the differential confocal curve (43) accurately corresponds to the focus of the objective, the spectral information at focus of the excitation spot being accurately captured by the zero trigger to accomplish the spectrum detection with high spatial resolution. Therefore, the present invention provides a method and device that may be able to accomplish the spectrum detection with high spatial resolution to a micro-area of a sample.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an anticancer prodrug consisting of peptide of acetyl-SEQ ID NO: 1-linker-anticancer drug. The anticancer prodrug effectively provides an anticancer drug unstable in acid and base, such as doxorubicin, in a form of prodrug. Thus, the anticancer prodrug exists as a non-toxic inactive form when administered into the body, but effectively releases the anticancer drug as an active ingredient in the target area in the presence of caspase activated by radiation or UV treatment after administered into the body. Accordingly, the anticancer drug exhibits selective anticancer effects on cancer cells, thereby maximizing the therapeutic effect and minimizing the side-effects of chemotherapy.

Abstract: An electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding device and manufacturing method thereof are provided. The EMI shielding device includes at least one ferrite material outer layer, a first and a second electrodes within the ferrite material outer layer, and a positive temperature coefficient resistor (PTCR) core layer sandwiched between the first and the second electrodes in the ferrite material outer layer. The first and the second electrodes extend to two ends of the ferrite material outer layer respectively.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing a negative-electrode active material for rechargeable lithium battery, wherein the negative-electrode active material comprises a core comprising material capable of doping and dedoping lithium; and, a carbon layer formed on the surface of the core, wherein the carbon layer has a three dimensional porous structure comprising nanopores regularly ordered on the carbon layer with a pore wall of specific thickness placed therebetween. In some embodiments, the method comprises modifying a material capable of doping and dedoping lithium with an organic functional group, mixing the modified material with an inorganic oxide, heating the mixture, and removing the inorganic oxide to form the negative-electrode active material.

Abstract: Provided is a link adaptation transmission and reception method in device-to-device (D2D) communication based on cellular mobile communication. An operation method of a terminal in the link adaptation method according to the present invention includes receiving information related to a first transmission through a D2D link, performing transmission for an opposite terminal using the information related to the first transmission, and determining information related to a second transmission after the transmission based on reception from the opposite terminal. Using the link adaptation method according to the present invention, an adaptive modulation and coding scheme may be provided at the time of data transmission on a D2D link while minimizing control of a base station, thereby reducing the complexity of a cellular network due to the D2D communication.